Bionomics of phlebotomine sand flies species (Diptera: Psychodidae) and their natural infection with Leishmania and Crithidia in Fars province, southern Iran

Abstract Among neglected tropical diseases, visceral leishmaniasis (VL) shows great relevance in global terms and is a serious public health concern due to the possibility of severe and lethal forms in humans. In this study, we evaluate entomological factors such as diversity and abundance of phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera:Psychodidae) and the Leishmania species circulating in these species in possible association with VL transmission in the Brazilian town Itaúna. The entomological collections were performed during three consecutive nights, always in the third week of each month, within a period of 12 mo. A total of 1,786 sand fly specimens were collected, from which 20% were collected inside houses. The influence of three local climatic variables (temperature, rainfall, relative humidity) on the population sizes of these insects was evaluated. Temperature was the most influential factor, with a significant positive correlation with the local population size of phlebotomine sand flies collected per month. Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva, 1912) was the predominant species in the study area. Leishmania DNA was detected in nine out of 133 pools of sand fly females, using nested/PCR, which resulted in a minimal natural infection rate of 2.91%. DNA from Leishmania infantum Nicolle, 1908 (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatida), was detected in Evandromyia cortelezzii (Bréthes, 1923), Ev. evandroi (Costa, Lima & Antunes, 1936), Ev. lenti (Mangabeira, 1938), and Ev. termitophila (Martins, Falcão & Silva, 1964), besides Lu. longipalpis. Our study indicates favorable conditions for VL spreading in Itaúna due to the presence of Lu. longipalpis and Le. infantum-infected phlebotomine sand flies.

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Ecology, feeding and natural infection by Leishmania spp. of phlebotomine sand flies in an area of high incidence of American tegumentary leishmaniasis in the municipality of Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil

Parasites & Vectors ◽

10.1186/s13071-018-2641-y ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Márcia Moreira de Ávila ◽

Andreia Fernandes Brilhante ◽

Cristian Ferreira de Souza ◽

Paula Dias Bevilacqua ◽

Eunice Aparecida Bianchi Galati ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Natural Infection ◽

Sand Flies ◽

Phlebotomine Sand Flies ◽

Tegumentary Leishmaniasis ◽

High Incidence ◽

American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis ◽

Leishmania Spp

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Aspects on the ecology of phlebotomine sand flies and natural infection by Leishmania hertigi in the Southeastern Amazon Basin of Brazil

Acta Tropica ◽

10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.09.023 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 177 ◽

pp. 37-43 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Sirlei Franck Thies ◽

Roberta Vieira de Morais Bronzoni ◽

Érika Monteiro Michalsky ◽

Emerson Soares dos Santos ◽

David José Ferreira da Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amazon Basin ◽

Natural Infection ◽

Sand Flies ◽

Phlebotomine Sand Flies

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Lutzomyia longipalpis naturally infected by Leishmania (L.) chagasi in Várzea Grande, Mato Grosso State, Brazil, an area of intense transmission of visceral leishmaniasis

Cadernos de Saúde Pública ◽

10.1590/s0102-311x2010001200020 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 26 (12) ◽

pp. 2414-2419 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Nanci A. Missawa ◽

Érika Monteiro Michalsky ◽

Consuelo Latorre Fortes-Dias ◽

Edelberto Santos Dias

Keyword(s):

Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽

Polymerase Chain Reaction Amplification ◽

Natural Infection ◽

Rflp Analysis ◽

Lutzomyia Longipalpis ◽

Sand Flies ◽

Mato Grosso ◽

Phlebotomine Sand Flies ◽

Leishmania Spp ◽

Reaction Amplification

The American visceral leishmaniasis (AVL) is caused by parasites belonging to the genus Leishmania (Trypanosomatidae) and is transmitted to humans through the bite of certain species of infected phlebotomine sand flies. In this study, we investigated the natural infection ratio of Lutzomyia longipalpis, the main vector species of AVL in Brazil, in Várzea Grande, Mato Grosso State. Between July 2004 and June 2006, phlebotomine sand flies were captured in peridomestic areas using CDC light-traps. Four hundred and twenty (420) specimens of Lu. longipalpis were captured. 42 pools, containing 10 specimens of Lu. longipalpis each, were used for genomic DNA extraction and PCR (polymerase chain reaction) amplification. Leishmania spp. DNA was detected in three out of the 42 pools tested, resulting in a minimal infection ratio of 0.71%. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis indicated that Leishmania (L.) chagasi was the infective agent in the positive pools.

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PARASITOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR SEARCH FOR LEISHMANIA NATURAL INFECTION IN PHLEBOTOMINE SAND FLIES IN PERI-URBAN SITES OF AN ARGENTINEAN AREA ENDEMIC FOR TEGUMENTARY LEISHMANIASIS

Acta Tropica ◽

10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.106064 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 106064

Author(s):

María Cristina Almazán ◽

Griselda Noemí Copa ◽

José Fernando Gil ◽

Inés López Quiroga ◽

Melisa Evangelina Díaz Fernández ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Natural Infection ◽

Sand Flies ◽

Phlebotomine Sand Flies ◽

Tegumentary Leishmaniasis ◽

Urban Sites

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Natural Infection of Humans, Animals, and Phlebotomine Sand Flies with the Alagoas Serotype of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus in Colombia

American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene ◽

10.4269/ajtmh.1987.36.653 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 36 (3) ◽

pp. 653-661 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Robert B. Tesh ◽

Cristina de Rodriguez ◽

A. Augusto Corredor ◽

Marta O. Gaitan ◽

A. Alberto Morales ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vesicular Stomatitis Virus ◽

Natural Infection ◽

Sand Flies ◽

Phlebotomine Sand Flies ◽

Vesicular Stomatitis

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Influence of Moonlight On Light-Emitting Diode Trap Catches of Phlebotomine Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae)1

Entomological News ◽

10.3157/021.129.0105 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 129 (1) ◽

pp. 35 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Apoliana Araújo da Silva ◽

Benedita Maria Costa-Neta ◽

Francinaldo Soares Silva

Keyword(s):

Light Emitting Diode ◽

Sand Flies ◽

Phlebotomine Sand Flies ◽

Light Emitting ◽

Trap Catches

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Phlebotomine Sand Fly Fauna andLeishmaniaInfection in the Vicinity of the Serra do Cipó National Park, a Natural Brazilian Heritage Site

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2015/385493 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Rosana Silva Lana ◽

Érika Monteiro Michalsky ◽

Consuelo Latorre Fortes-Dias ◽

João Carlos França-Silva ◽

Fabiana de Oliveira Lara-Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

National Park ◽

Sand Fly ◽

Sand Flies ◽

Local Data ◽

Phlebotomine Sand Flies ◽

Serra Do Cipó ◽

Heritage Site ◽

One Year ◽

The One ◽

Favorable Conditions

In the New World, the leishmaniases are primarily transmitted to humans through the bites ofLeishmania-infectedLutzomyia(Diptera: Psychodidae) phlebotomine sand flies. Any or both of two basic clinical forms of these diseases are endemic to several cities in Brazil—the American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) and the American visceral leishmaniasis (AVL). The present study was conducted in the urban area of a small-sized Brazilian municipality (Jaboticatubas), in which three cases of AVL and nine of ACL have been reported in the last five years. Jaboticatubas is an important tourism hub, as it includes a major part of the Serra do Cipó National Park. Currently, no local data is available on the entomological fauna or circulatingLeishmania. During the one-year period of this study, we captured 3,104 phlebotomine sand flies belonging to sixteenLutzomyiaspecies. In addition to identifying incriminated or suspected vectors of ACL with DNA of the etiological agent of AVL and vice versa, we also detectedLeishmaniaDNA in unexpectedLutzomyiaspecies. The expressive presence of vectors and naturalLeishmaniainfection indicates favorable conditions for the spreading of leishmaniases in the vicinity of the Serra do Cipó National Park.

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Exploring the relationship between health literacy and fast food consumption: a population-based study from southern Iran

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-021-10763-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Azam Namdar ◽

Mohammad Mehdi Naghizadeh ◽

Marziyeh Zamani ◽

Ali Montazeri

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Health Literacy ◽

Food Intake ◽

Food Consumption ◽

Fast Food ◽

Reading Skills ◽

Negative Relationship ◽

Fars Province ◽

Southern Iran ◽

Fast Food Consumption

Abstract Background Health literacy (HL) may affect the consumption of fast food. We aimed to evaluate the effect of HL on fast food consumption among adult populations in Iran. Methods We evaluated HL and fast food consumption in 421 adult participants with age range of 18–65 years old in Fasa, Fars Province, southern Iran. Two-step cluster and systematic sampling was performed to recruit the study sample. Data were collected using a fast food consumption checklist, and the Health Literacy Instrument for Adults (HELIA) by face-to-face interviews. Population data across groups with and without fast food intake were compared. Results Most participants used fast food every few months (49.9%). People with low or unstable income consumed more fast food than others (P < 0.05). Sandwich and hotdog were the most consumed fast food (60.8%) followed by pizza (34.9%). Sausage and soda were the most seasoning food (66.7%). Most participants used fast food as dinner (67.9%) and with family (72.2%), suggesting the institutionalized consumption of this type of food in the family. Fun was the most frequent reason for the use of fast food (66.5%). Most participants completely knew about the raw materials for fast food and their adverse effects. Finally, we found that overall health literacy was lower among those who used fast food than those who did not. Consumed fast food (68.16 ± 23.85 vs. 73.15 ± 20.15; p = 0.021). This difference was also observed for some components of health literacy including reading skills, and decision-making subscales. Conclusions The findings suggest there is a negative relationship between general health literacy and fast food consumption indicating that who possess lower level of health literacy is likely to consume more fast food. Specifically, the findings suggest that reading skills, and decision-making (behavioral intention) are more associated with decreased or increased fast food intake.

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