scholarly journals Lutzomyia longipalpis naturally infected by Leishmania (L.) chagasi in Várzea Grande, Mato Grosso State, Brazil, an area of intense transmission of visceral leishmaniasis

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 2414-2419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nanci A. Missawa ◽  
Érika Monteiro Michalsky ◽  
Consuelo Latorre Fortes-Dias ◽  
Edelberto Santos Dias
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Amplification ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Rflp Analysis ◽  
Lutzomyia Longipalpis ◽  
Sand Flies ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Phlebotomine Sand Flies ◽  
Leishmania Spp ◽  
Reaction Amplification

The American visceral leishmaniasis (AVL) is caused by parasites belonging to the genus Leishmania (Trypanosomatidae) and is transmitted to humans through the bite of certain species of infected phlebotomine sand flies. In this study, we investigated the natural infection ratio of Lutzomyia longipalpis, the main vector species of AVL in Brazil, in Várzea Grande, Mato Grosso State. Between July 2004 and June 2006, phlebotomine sand flies were captured in peridomestic areas using CDC light-traps. Four hundred and twenty (420) specimens of Lu. longipalpis were captured. 42 pools, containing 10 specimens of Lu. longipalpis each, were used for genomic DNA extraction and PCR (polymerase chain reaction) amplification. Leishmania spp. DNA was detected in three out of the 42 pools tested, resulting in a minimal infection ratio of 0.71%. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis indicated that Leishmania (L.) chagasi was the infective agent in the positive pools.

Entomological Studies in Itaúna, Brazil, an Area With Visceral Leishmaniasis Transmission: Fauna Survey, Natural Leishmania Infection, and Molecular Characterization of the Species Circulating in Phlebotomine Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 1368-1376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josiane V Lopes ◽  
Erika M Michalsky ◽  
Nathalia C L Pereira ◽  
Adão J V de Paula ◽  
Fabiana O Lara-Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Leishmania Infection ◽  
Lutzomyia Longipalpis ◽  
Sand Flies ◽  
Phlebotomine Sand Flies

Abstract Among neglected tropical diseases, visceral leishmaniasis (VL) shows great relevance in global terms and is a serious public health concern due to the possibility of severe and lethal forms in humans. In this study, we evaluate entomological factors such as diversity and abundance of phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera:Psychodidae) and the Leishmania species circulating in these species in possible association with VL transmission in the Brazilian town Itaúna. The entomological collections were performed during three consecutive nights, always in the third week of each month, within a period of 12 mo. A total of 1,786 sand fly specimens were collected, from which 20% were collected inside houses. The influence of three local climatic variables (temperature, rainfall, relative humidity) on the population sizes of these insects was evaluated. Temperature was the most influential factor, with a significant positive correlation with the local population size of phlebotomine sand flies collected per month. Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva, 1912) was the predominant species in the study area. Leishmania DNA was detected in nine out of 133 pools of sand fly females, using nested/PCR, which resulted in a minimal natural infection rate of 2.91%. DNA from Leishmania infantum Nicolle, 1908 (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatida), was detected in Evandromyia cortelezzii (Bréthes, 1923), Ev. evandroi (Costa, Lima & Antunes, 1936), Ev. lenti (Mangabeira, 1938), and Ev. termitophila (Martins, Falcão & Silva, 1964), besides Lu. longipalpis. Our study indicates favorable conditions for VL spreading in Itaúna due to the presence of Lu. longipalpis and Le. infantum-infected phlebotomine sand flies.

scholarly journals Ecology of Lutzomyia longipalpis and Lutzomyia migonei in an endemic area for visceral leishmaniasis

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 320-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafaella Albuquerque Silva ◽  
Fabricio Kassio Moura Santos ◽  
Lindemberg Caranha de Sousa ◽  
Elizabeth Ferreira Rangel ◽  
Claudia Maria Leal Bevilaqua
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Infantum ◽  
Indoor Environment ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Sampling Site ◽  
Lutzomyia Longipalpis ◽  
Sand Flies ◽  
Sampling Points ◽  
Lutzomyia Migonei

The main vector for visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in Brazil is Lutzomyia longipalpis. However, the absence of L. longipalpis in a region of autochthonous VL demonstrates the participation of other species in the transmission of the parasite. Studies conducted in La Banda, Argentina, and São Vicente Férrer, Pernambuco State, Brazil, have correlated the absence of L. longipalpisand the presence of L. migonei with autochthonous cases of VL. In São Vicente Férrer, Pernambuco, there was evidence for the natural infection of L. migonei with Leishmania infantum chagasi. Thus, the objective of this work was to assess the ecology of the sand flies L. longipalpis and L. migonei in Fortaleza, an endemic area for VL. Insect capture was conducted at 22 sampling points distributed across four regions of Fortaleza. In total, 32,403 sand flies were captured; of these, 18,166 (56%) were identified as L. longipalpis and 14,237 (44%) as L. migonei. There were significant density differences found between the vectors at each sampling site (indoors and outdoors) (p <0.0001). These findings confirm that L. migonei and L. longipalpis are distributed throughout Fortaleza, where they have adapted to an indoor environment, and suggest that L. migonei may share the role as a vector with L. longipalpis in the transmission of VL in Fortaleza.

scholarly journals Natural infection of phlebotomines (Diptera: Psychodidae) in a visceral-leishmaniasis focus in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

2007 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Cezar do Nascimento ◽  
Byanca Regina de Paiva ◽  
Rosely dos Santos Malafronte ◽  
Wedson Desidério Fernandes ◽  
Eunice Aparecida Bianchi Galati
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Leishmania Species ◽  
Common Species ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lutzomyia Longipalpis ◽  
Leishmania Chagasi ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul

The main purpose of this study was to investigate natural infection by Leishmania in phlebotomine females in a visceral-leishmaniasis focus in Antonio João county in Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil. Between June and October 2003, the digestive tracts of 81 females captured in Aldeia Campestre, Aldeia Marangatu and Povoado Campestre were dissected. The females were separated by species, location, area and date of capture into 13 groups and kept in ethanol 70%. To identify the Leishmania species using the PCR technique, amplifications of the ribosomal-DNA (rDNA) and mini-exon genes were analyzed. Of the 81 specimens, 77 (95%) were Lutzomyia longipalpis, making this the most common species; only one specimen of each of the species Brumptomyia avellari, Evandromyia cortelezzii, Evandromyia lenti and Nyssomyia whitmani was found. Trypanosomatids were identified in eight of the nine groups of Lutzomyia longipalpis (10.39%) one group from Aldeia Campestre, one from Aldeia Marangatu and six from Povoado Campestre; of the eight groups, one from Aldeia Marangatu and another, with promastigotes forms also confirmed by dissection (1.23%) from Povoado Campestre, were identified by PCR as Leishmania chagasi (2.6%). The other groups gave negative results. These findings indicate that there is a high risk of leishmaniasis transmission in this area.

scholarly journals Molecular and parasitological detection ofLeishmania spp. in a dipteran of the speciesTabanus importunus

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 605-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willian Marinho Dourado Coelho ◽  
Katia Denise Saraiva Bresciani
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Lutzomyia Longipalpis ◽  
Sand Flies ◽  
Thoracic Region ◽  
Main Species ◽  
Leishmania Spp ◽  
Genus Leishmania ◽  
Horse Fly

Leishmaniasis is an important chronic zoonosis caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania spp. The major vectors of this protozoosis are sand flies, and Lutzomyia longipalpis is considered the main species implicated in the transmission of American Visceral Leishmaniasis in Brazil. The presence of the parasite's deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in ectoparasites such as ticks and fleas has prompted speculations about the existence of new vectors in the cycle of leishmaniasis. The aim of this paper is to report the molecular detection of Leishmania spp. in a horse fly of the species Tabanus importunus which parasitized an oligosymptomatic dog infected with Leishmania spp. Molecular amplification of the protozoan's DNA in the head, thoracic region and abdomen of the tabanid tested positive for Leishmania complex. This is the first report of the presence of DNA from Leishmaniaspp. in dipterous insects of the species T. importunus.

scholarly journals Phlebotomine sand flies and canine infection in areas of human visceral leishmaniasis, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Leandro da Cruz Mestre ◽  
Ana Lúcia Maria Ribeiro ◽  
Rosina Djunko Miyazaki ◽  
Jorge Senatore Vargas Rodrigues ◽  
Arleana do Bom Parto Ferreira de Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Lutzomyia Longipalpis ◽  
Sand Flies ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Human Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Canine Infection ◽  
The City

Visceral leishmaniasis is a systemic infectious disease that can cause to a severe, potentially life-threatening chronic condition in humans. Risk factors for infection in urban areas have been associated with poor living conditions, the presence of sand fly vectors and infected pets. This study aimed to describe sand fly and canine infection in the neighborhoods of human visceral leishmaniasis occurrence in the city of Cuiabá, Mato Grosso State, central-western Brazil, reported between January 2005 and December 2006. A total of 1,909 sand flies were collected. They were predominantly males and the most frequent species were Lutzomyia cruzi (81.25%), Lutzomyia whitmani (13.88%) and Lutzomyia longipalpis (2.62%). The sand fly density was not significantly correlated with the variation of environmental factors. The prevalence of canine visceral leishmaniasis in the neighborhoods studied was 26.82% and it was found that areas with high density of vectors coincided with areas of high prevalence of dogs and those with the highest rates of human cases. The study of vectors and other potential hosts are essential for a good understanding of visceral leishmaniasis and the related public health concerns, aiming at the prevention and control of leishmaniasis in the city of Cuiabá, Mato Grosso State.

scholarly journals Dogs with divergent serology for visceral leishmaniasis as sources of Leishmania infection for Lutzomyia longipalpis phlebotomine sand flies – an observational study in an endemic area in Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. e0008079 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marília Fonseca Rocha ◽  
Érika Monteiro Michalsky ◽  
Fabiana de Oliveira Lara-Silva ◽  
Josiane Lopes Valadão ◽  
João Carlos França-Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Leishmania Infection ◽  
Lutzomyia Longipalpis ◽  
Sand Flies ◽  
Phlebotomine Sand Flies

Detection of Pintomyia fischeri (Diptera: Psychodidae) With Leishmania infantum (Trypanosomatida: Trypanosomatidae) Promastigotes in a Focus of Visceral Leishmaniasis in Brazil

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fredy Galvis-Ovallos ◽  
Adriele Eiko Ueta ◽  
Gabriella de Oliveira Marques ◽  
Ana Maria Casagrande Sarmento ◽  
Gabriela Araujo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Infantum ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Lutzomyia Longipalpis ◽  
Sand Flies ◽  
Vector Surveillance

Abstract Visceral leishmaniasis is spreading in Brazil where the main vector of its agent, Leishmania infantum Nicolle, 1908, is the Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva, 1912) species complex (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae), on which many of the activities of the visceral leishmaniasis surveillance program are based. However, there are areas where canine, and/or human cases have been occurring without the presence of this species complex as in the western part of the Greater São Paulo Metropolitan region, where Embu das Artes municipality is situated. In this area, Pintomyia fischeri (Pinto, 1926) has been implicated as potential vector of Le. infantum but so far its natural infection with this parasite has not yet been ascertained. Therefore, the present study sought to investigate the natural infection in sand flies of a CVL focus in Embu das Artes. The sand fly collections were undertaken with Shannon and CDC traps, monthly, between 1800 and 2100 hours from November 2018 to October 2019, inclusive. A total of 951 sand flies (457 males and 494 females), belonging to 10 species, were captured. Pintomyia fischeri was the predominant species (89.5%); of which 426 females were dissected and one of them (0.23%) was found to be harboring flagellates in its midgut. A sample of these flagellates was isolated in culture and characterized by a 234 base pair fragment of Leishmania heat-shock protein 70 gene (hsp70) and restriction fragment length polymorphism with Hae III restriction enzyme as Le. infantum. This finding reinforces previous evidence of Pi. fischeri as a vector of Le. infantum in foci of visceral leishmaniasis and highlights the importance of vector surveillance in areas where this species occurs.

scholarly journals Canine visceral leishmaniasis in riverside communities of the Cuiabá river watershed

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (6Supl2) ◽  
pp. 3313
Author(s):  
Valéria Régia Franco Sousa ◽  
Álvaro Felipe de Lima Ruy Dias ◽  
Juliana Yuki Rodrigues ◽  
Mariana de Medeiros Torres ◽  
Janaína Marcela Assunção Rosa Moreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Axenic Culture ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Lutzomyia Longipalpis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
River Watershed

Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) is a parasitic zoonosis expanding in Brazil. Several municipalities in the state of Mato Grosso including those on the river Cuiabá have reported the incidence of both human and canine cases and the identification of sandfly vector, Lutzomyia longipalpis and Lu. cruzi. Dogs are considered the main reservoir of Leishmania chagasi in the urban areas, hence, we devised a cross-sectional study aimed at assessing the prevalence of the infection in the dogs of riverside communities on Cuiabá River watershed by parasitological (parasitic isolation in culture), serological, and molecular methods. Of the 248 surveyed dogs, 24 were positive in enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT), with a prevalence of 9.7%. The riverside communities located in the town of Santo Antonio do Leverger displayed a higher prevalence of the disease than the cities of Cuiabá and Várzea Grande; however, the difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Dogs born in the communities had a 3.24-fold higher risk of acquiring the infection. Promastigote were isolated in the axenic culture from the bone marrow samples and intact skin. Further, DNA of Leishmania sp. was detected in the bone marrow samples, lymph nodes, leukocyte cover, and skin of only one examined dog. These samples were sequenced and they showed 99% homology to L. infantum. To conclude, we observed a higher prevalence of infection in Riverside communities of Santo Antonio do Leverger and the confirmation of autochthony in these areas justifies the surveillance actions to minimise the risk of transmission within the riverine community itself, besides its dissemination to other areas by tourism.

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