scholarly journals Profitability analysis of dual installations in selected European countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paweł Suchorab ◽  
Małgorzata Iwanek ◽  
Agnieszka Żelazna
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Important Goal ◽  
Profitability Analysis ◽  
Technical Solutions ◽  
Potable Water Quality

AbstractThe most important goal of every water distribution system is to deliver water to the consumers in the demand and time determined by its users. However, not all water usages require the potable water quality. One of the technical solutions enabling water recycling and its reuse is a dual installation system. Dual installations recycle rain wastewater or grey water from bathtubs, showers and sinks and further reuse it for irrigation or toilet flushing. The profitability of a dual installation system is highly dependent on the water price, which tends to vary significantly according to the location. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the profitability of dual installation systems in exemplary hotel building hypothetically located in 10 different European countries. The profitability was determined on the basis of multi-criteria decision analysis performed for two installation variants. The investment was evaluated in terms of technical, economic and environmental aspects. As a result, the selected countries were ranked in order of the most profitable location for dual installation system’s investment.

Sodium silicate impacts on lead release in a blended potable water distribution system

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 427-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip A. Lintereur ◽  
Steven J. Duranceau ◽  
James S. Taylor ◽  
Erica D. Stone
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Silicate ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Lead Release

scholarly journals Modelling the potable water quality in a distribution network based on the hydraulic conditions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jani Tomperi
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Quality Model ◽  
Pipe Surface ◽  
Hydraulic Conditions ◽  
Potable Water Quality

Abstract. Abnormalities in hydraulic conditions inside a water distribution network are strongly related to the deterioration of potable water quality. Leaking pipes and valves, for instance, cause changes in water hydraulic conditions and may allow the entry of microbes to the distribution system. Flow and pressure shocks can detach soft deposits and biofilms from the pipe surface which is shown among others as the elevated concentrations of bacteria, metals and turbidity in water. On that account, monitoring the hydraulic conditions in a distribution network and utilizing this information in developing a predictive water quality model assists providing a sufficient amount of potable water with an appropriate quality for the consumers use. In this paper, the water quality at the end part of the district metered area is modelled based on only the water flow and pressure measurements along the distribution network. The developed model can be utilized in proactive operation as it is able to show the potable water quality hours in advance before it is discovered at the end part of the distribution network.

scholarly journals Modeling and Optimization of Potable Water Network

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Berge Djebedjian ◽  
Ahmed Herrick ◽  
Magdy Abou Rayan
Keyword(s):  
System Design ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Optimization Technique ◽  
Unconstrained Minimization ◽  
Pipe Diameter ◽  
Water Network ◽  
Minimization Technique

A potable water network hydraulic analysis is presented in this paper. A mathematical model was developed, the model treats looped network. A computer program is developed in order to facilitate water distribution system design, which satisfies all constraints including pipe diameter and nodal pressure. An optimization technique is developed in order to evaluate the optimum network configuration and cost, the parameters are pipe diameter, flow rate, corresponding pressure and hydraulic losses. A non-linear technique was adopted in the solution. The model uses the sequential unconstrained minimization technique (SUMT) of Fiacco and McCormick (1964) to solve the optimal design of network. The adopted optimization technique decreases the required number of design iterations which for example may reach 1.48 billion iterations for a network with 8 pipes and a set of 14 available commercial pipes. The initially assumed pipe diameters are successively adjusted to suit the existing standard commercial pipe diameters. The technique was applied on a simple case study of gravity-fed network. The objective of the present investigation is to present a practical tool to help in the optimization of water distribution system, design and operation.

External Abrasion Caused by Leakages in Potable Water Distribution System Pipes

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 04020046
Author(s):  
Daniela Rojas ◽  
Kevin Vargas ◽  
Andrés Cortés ◽  
Sebastián Rocha ◽  
Pablo París ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Water Distribution System

scholarly journals Design and assembly of a domestic water temperature, pH and turbidity monitoring system

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Rita Nanyanzi ◽  
Gilbert Gilibrays Ocen ◽  
Timothy Omara ◽  
Felix Bwire ◽  
Davis Matovu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Treatment Processes

Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to design a domestic water temperature, pH and turbidity monitoring system that could constantly log temperature, pH and turbidity of water and give alerts in case the parameters are outside the acceptable limits for potable water. Results The system was designed, assembled and performed as expected. The study indicates that the proposed and designed system outperforms the existing manual monitoring system as it can constantly track and store changes in water quality. This could be used to prepare better treatment processes as well as identify problems in the water distribution system early enough.

Microbial Diversity and their Biofilm Formation Potential in Pipes of Water Distribution System

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 113-117
Author(s):  
Rajanbir Kaur ◽  
Rajinder Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution Systems ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Water Borne

Microbes are ubiquitous in surface as well as in ground water and some of them can make their way into potable water distribution systems. Contaminated soil with human and animal fecal matter, ill-maintained water and sewage pipelines, poor sanitation and personal hygiene are the main factors responsible for the presence of microbial pathogens in the drinking water. The presence of water-borne microbes in the potable drinking water systems determines its quality. Common microbes present in contaminated water are Shigella, Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholerae, Pseudomonas sp, Salmonella sp etc. The water-borne pathogens that reside and reproduce in water distribution system causes infection of gastrointestinal tract, urinary tract, skin, and lymph nodes. When these pathogens enter into the water distribution system pipelines they form biofilms. The formation of biofilm is a key component in microbial studies. Biofilm is the sessile aggregation of bacterial cells that adhere to each other on living or non-living surfaces and forms extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). The surface physico-chemical properties of both bacteria and substratum were important for the establishment of bacterial adhesion. Bacteria forming biofilms possesses different growth patterns, responds to specific micro-environmental conditions for the formation of structurally complex mature biofilms. In water distribution systems, adhesion of microbes to the water pipelines initiate biofilm formation which in return reduces the quality of potable water and increases the corrosion of pipes.

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