scholarly journals Modelling the potable water quality in a distribution network based on the hydraulic conditions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jani Tomperi
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Quality Model ◽  
Pipe Surface ◽  
Hydraulic Conditions ◽  
Potable Water Quality

Abstract. Abnormalities in hydraulic conditions inside a water distribution network are strongly related to the deterioration of potable water quality. Leaking pipes and valves, for instance, cause changes in water hydraulic conditions and may allow the entry of microbes to the distribution system. Flow and pressure shocks can detach soft deposits and biofilms from the pipe surface which is shown among others as the elevated concentrations of bacteria, metals and turbidity in water. On that account, monitoring the hydraulic conditions in a distribution network and utilizing this information in developing a predictive water quality model assists providing a sufficient amount of potable water with an appropriate quality for the consumers use. In this paper, the water quality at the end part of the district metered area is modelled based on only the water flow and pressure measurements along the distribution network. The developed model can be utilized in proactive operation as it is able to show the potable water quality hours in advance before it is discovered at the end part of the distribution network.

scholarly journals A Real-Time Augmented Reality System For Water Distribution System

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 3098-3101
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Customer Complaints

Control of water distribution network by Real-Time Monitoring System (RTMS) can play an inerrant role in its management. RTMS could be used to monitor and analyse hydraulic and water quality parameters in a Water Distribution Network (WDN). Besides, the RTMS warns operators on actions such as to stop pumping, to conserve water, and minimise risks when needed. RTMS can also provide many operational benefits (improve water quality, decrease operational costs, reduce customer complaints, reduce water losses, and modelling capability, etc.). For Quality & Maintenance of the distribution network, the concept of Augmented Reality (AR) can be used as a tool to support maintenance task as the Data from the distribution network can be gathered and parsed in real-time. The useful information will be transmitted to the AR device (PC tablet, smartphone, glasses, watch…) through wireless connectivity. This paper aims to introduce the concept of RTMS and AR technology. It provides a review of some RTMS application in the drinking water sector and shows the benefit of the implementation of AR in that environment. Furthermore, this paper attempts to propose how the RTMS and AR can be merged as system architecture and be applied to enhance the quality of the water within the network, the distribution system management, and maintenance of the distribution network

scholarly journals ANALISIS KUALITAS AIR UNTUK KONSENTRASI FLUORIDE PADA SISTEM JARINGAN DISTRIBUSI AIR MINUM DENGAN FLUORIDASI

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arif Susanto ◽  
Purwanto Purwanto ◽  
Agus Hadiyarto
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Fluoride Concentration ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Water Age ◽  
Drinking Water Distribution

Abstract:. The requirement of consumed drinking water so that it does not create disturbance to public health is that it needs a quality monitoring. Water fluoridation in Tembagapura City aims to reach its concentration level toward certain safe level, and it can provide maximum benefits for dental health. Analysis and simulation methods using EPAnet software. The results of hydrolic simulation and water quality for fluoride concentration of each node and link in the drinking water distribution network system have changed in every time change following the drinking water distribution segment. From hydraulic simulations, especially for head and flow at separate points, it consists of simultaneous solution in flow equivalence for every junction and headloss relationship in every link of network as a result of hydraulic balancing. New segment will be made at the end of each link that receives inflow from a node if the quality of the new node is different from the link in the last segment. Every pipe in network contains singular segment where the water quality is in line with the preliminary quality stated in the preliminary node. With the availability of hydraulic model and water quality for fluoride concentration, a further research can be conducted for chlorine decay, growth of by product i.e. Trihalomethans (THMs) as well as water age simultaneously in drinking water supply systems in Tembagapura City.  Keyword: EPAnet, distribution network, fluoride concentration. Abstrak: Persyaratan kualitas air minum yang dikonsumsi masyarakat agar tidak menimbulkan gangguan kesehatan, maka penyelenggara air minum perlu melakukan pemantauan kualitasnya. Fluoridasi air di Kota Tembagapura ditujukan untuk mencapai tingkat konsentrasi fluoride pada level tertentu yang aman dan dapat memberikan manfaat maksimal bagi kesehatan gigi. Metode analisis dan simulasi menggunakan perangkat lunak EPAnet. Hasil simulasi hidrolis dan kualitas air untuk konsentrasi fluoride pada setiap node dan link pada sistem jaringan distribusi air minum berubah pada setiap perubahan waktu mengikuti segmen distribusi air minum tersebut. Dari simulasi hidrolis, khusus untuk head dan aliran pada titik yang terpisah meliputi penyelesaian secara simultan dalam persamaan aliran untuk tiap sambungan (junction), dan hubungan headloss pada setiap link pada jaringan sebagai akibat dari hydrolic balancing. Segmen baru terbentuk pada akhir dari setiap link yang menerima inflow dari sebuah node, jika kualitas node baru berbeda dari link pada segmen terakhir. Setiap pipa dalam jaringan mengandung segmen tunggal, di mana kualitas air sebanding dengan kualitas awal yang ditetapkan di node awal. Dengan tersedianya model hidrolis dan kualitas air untuk konsentrasi fluoride, maka dapat dilakukan penelitian lanjutan untuk peluruhan klorin, pertumbuhan by product yaitu trihalomethans (THMs) serta usia air secara simultan pada sistem penyediaan air minum di Kota Tembagapura.Kata Kunci: EPAnet, jaringan distribusi, konsentrasi fluoride.

scholarly journals Operational and technical performance of a water distribution network in Oman

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Al Naamani ◽  
Ahmad Sana
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Operational Performance ◽  
Residual Chlorine ◽  
Quality Performance ◽  
Urban Networks ◽  
Technical Performance

Abstract A water distribution network in an urban area in Muscat region (capital city of Oman) is assessed for operational performance using the widely accepted methodology proposed by International Water Association (IWA). The technical performance of this network was assessed using global performance index methods after modifying the performance levels as per local guidelines. A total of 37 operational performance indicators for the network were selected to carryout assessment. Overall operational performance showed high scores whereas some indicators showed unacceptable performance values. The network showed very high technical performance considering nodal pressures. The lower performance for pipe velocity may be attributed to the fact that the network is currently being utilized by 70% of the population for which it was designed. The residual chlorine levels were within the acceptable range of the Public Authority for Water (PAW) showing a very good performance by virtue of water quality. This study will be useful for the decision makers to assess the operational, technical and water quality performance of urban networks and take actions for improvements.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF CLEAN WATER DISTRIBUTION NETWORK SYSTEM IN GENTENG SUB-DISTRICT BANYUWANGI USING EPANET 2.0 PROGRAM

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 172
Author(s):  
Ayu Rahmad Jayanti ◽  
Ririn Endah Badriani ◽  
Yeny Dhokhikah
Keyword(s):  
Discharge Capacity ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Public Works ◽  
Network System ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Simulation Results

The clean water distribution in the Genteng Subdistrict, Banyuwangi Regency is included in the service area of the Zone 1 PDAM tile unit. The 60 liters/second reservoir discharge capacity is obtained from Sumber Umbul Sari in the Glenmore District. The distribution of clean water in Zone 1 is still less than 70% of the area served, as the installed discharge capacity is estimated to be insufficient. In order to achieve the distribution goal, a network system must be developed by adding direct debits and planning a new pipeline. The Epanet 2.0 program simplifies the calculation of pipeline networks by integrating elevation data, network maps, pipeline specification, and load. The analysis of the simulation results was conducted using the Public Works Minister's hydraulic parameter standards 2007. Planning of a distribution network and a cost budget in 2029 were done to estimate the water supply needs and budgets required. The hydraulic simulation results based on the analysis of the pressure of all joints are in accordance with the standard, while the analysis of the velocity in pipe is less standard. The need for water discharge in 2029 is 71.6 liters/second. In Kembiritan Village, the construction of distribution pipes with an additional reservoir unit was planned. The planned pipe dimensions in the development area were 25 mm at 796 meters, 50 mm at 4062 meters, and 75 mm at 1518 meters. The cost of planning a clean water distribution system in 2029 is Rp. 1,431,375,000.00. Distribusi air bersih di Kecamatan Genteng Kabupaten Banyuwangi merupakan wilayah pelayanan Zona 1 PDAM unit Genteng. Kapasitas debit reservoir sebesar 60 liter/detik berasal dari sumber umbul sari di Kecamatan Glenmore. Pendistribusian air bersih di wilayah Zona 1 masih kurang dari 70% wilayah yang terlayani, karena diperkirakan kapasitas debit yang terpasang kurang mencukupi. Untuk memenuhi target pemerataan distribusi perlu pengembangan sistem jaringan dengan penambahan debit dan perencanaan jaringan pipa baru. Program Epanet 2.0 memudahkan dalam perhitungan jaringan perpipaan dengan mengintegrasi data elevasi, peta jaringan, spesifikasi pipa dan debit. Analisis hasil simulasi menggunakan standar parameter hidrolis Permen PU 2007. Perencanaan pengembangan jaringan distribusi dan anggaran biaya pada tahun 2029 guna memperkirakan debit kebutuhan air dan anggaran biaya yang dibutuhkan. Hasil simulasi hidrolis berdasarkan analisis tekanan semua junction telah sesuai standar, sedangkan analisis kecepatan masih di bawah standar. Kebutuhan debit air tahun 2029 sebesar 71,6 Liter/detik. Pengembangan pipa distribusi direncanakan di Desa Kembiritan dengan tambahan satu unit reservoir. Dimensi pipa rencana di wilayah pengembangan digunakan diameter 25 mm sepanjang 796 m, diameter 50 mm sepanjang 4062 m dan diameter 75 mm sepanjang 1518 m. Biaya perencanaan sistem distribusi air bersih tahun 2029 sebesar Rp. 1.431.375.000,00.

Variabilities in the cost equivalency of decentralized treatment units designed to address network-derived water quality degradation

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 45-56
Author(s):  
J.W. Norton ◽  
W.J. Weber
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Functional Requirements ◽  
Treatment Unit ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Quality Degradation ◽  
The Cost

Factors impacting the cost equivalency point for deploying strategically-located treatment units within a distributed optimal technology network (DOT-Net) to manage network-derived water quality degradation are defined and quantified. The cost equivalency point is essentially the ‘breakeven’ allowable cost for implementing DOT-Net strategy as an alternative to upgrading a central treatment facility to ‘pretreat’ water sufficiently to manage quality degradation within a potable water distribution network. For the purposes of the analysis presented, water quality is assumed to degrade linearly with time as it flows through the distribution network. Disinfection by-product (DBP) formation, selected as a representative water quality degradation parameter, was modeled to predict service population DBP exposure and resulting cost of centralized treatment plant upgrades to meet water quality goals. The equivalency point was determined by apportioning the anticipated cost for upgrading the centralized treatment facilities over the fraction of service connections receiving deficient quality water. Both concentration of DBP precursor material and service population size are found to have limited impact on the equivalency point of a distributed treatment unit. The advantages and disadvantages of various treatment methods available for in-network water treatment are outlined and the ancillary functional requirements of the distributed treatment unit are delineated.

scholarly journals Appraisal of water quality indices for service reservoirs in water distribution networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (8) ◽  
pp. 1606-1614 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Nyirenda ◽  
T. T. Tanyimboh
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Sampling Point ◽  
Quality Indices ◽  
Water Quality Indices ◽  
State Of Water ◽  
Pollution Loads

Abstract The use of water quality indices to aggregate pollution loads in rivers has been widely studied, with researchers using various sub-indices and aggregation methods. These have been used to combine various quality variables at a sampling point in a river into an overall water quality index to compare the state of water quality in different river reaches. Service reservoirs in a water distribution network, like rivers, have complex mixing mechanisms, are subjected to various water quality variables and are variably sized and sited. Water quality indices and the relevant sub-indices are formulated here and applied to service reservoirs within a water distribution network. This is in an attempt to compare holistically the performance of service reservoirs in solutions of optimisation algorithms with regards to water quality.

scholarly journals Evolutionary multi-objective optimization of the design and operation of water distribution network: total cost vs. reliability vs. water quality

2006 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raziyeh Farmani ◽  
Godfrey Walters ◽  
Dragan Savic
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Loading Conditions ◽  
Pump Operation ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Storage Facilities

An expanded rehabilitation of the hypothetical water distribution network of Anytown, USA is considered. As well as pipe rehabilitation decisions, tank sizing, tank siting and pump operation schedules are considered as design variables. Inclusion of pump operation schedules requires consideration of water system operation over the demand pattern period. Design of distribution storage facilities involves solving numerous issues and trade-offs such as locations, levels and volume. This paper investigates the application of multi-objective evolutionary algorithms in the identification of the pay-off characteristic between total cost, reliability and water quality of Anytown's water distribution system. A new approach is presented for formulation of the model. To provide flexibility, the network must be designed and operated under multiple loading conditions. The cost of the solution includes the capital costs of pipes and tanks as well as the present value of the energy consumed during a specified period. Optimization tends to reduce costs by reducing the diameter of, or completely eliminating, pipes, thus leaving the system with insufficient capacity to respond to pipe breaks or demands that exceed design values without violating required performance levels. Here a resilience index is considered as a second objective to increase the hydraulic reliability and the availability of water during pipe failures. Considering reliability as one of the objectives in the optimization process will decrease the level of vulnerability for the solutions and therefore will result in robust networks. However, oversized distribution mains and storage tanks will have adverse effects on water age with negative effects on water quality due to low flow velocity and little turnover, respectively. Therefore, another objective in the design and operation of distribution systems with storage facilities is the minimization of residence time, thus minimizing deterioration in water quality, which is directly associated with the age of water. Residence time must include not only the time in tanks but also the travel time before and after the water's entry into the storage facilities. The residence time of the water in the network is considered as a surrogate measure of water quality. Results are presented for the pay-off characteristics between total cost, reliability and water quality, for 24 h design and five loading conditions.

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