scholarly journals Experimental analysis of Mucuna solannie as cement extender additive for oil and gas well cementing

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 3437-3448
Author(s):  
Kevin C. Igwilo ◽  
N. Uwaezuoke ◽  
Emeka E. Okoro ◽  
Susan U. Iheukwumere ◽  
Julian U. Obibuike
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Yield Point ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Gel Strength ◽  
Laboratory Measurements ◽  
Gas Well ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Water Values

Abstract Due to the difficulty that the compressive strength of cement slurries formulated with bentonite are not stable at elevated temperature conditions, in addition to other properties at high temperatures, Mucuna solannie commonly known as “Ukpo” was examined as an alternative. API standard procedures were employed throughout the laboratory measurements to determine overall rheological properties, compressive strength, thickening time, and free water of the extenders both at 150 °F (65.6 °C) and 200 °F (93.3 °C) BHCT. Mucuna solannie results gave compressive strength at 24 h as 952 psi (6.56E+6 Pa) and 900 psi (6.21E+6 Pa), free water values of 0 and 0.2 ml, yield point values of 67 lb/100ft2 (32.08 Pa) and 66 lb/100ft2 (31.60 Pa), and 10 min gel strength of 16 lb/100ft2 (7.66 Pa) and 22 lb/100ft2 (10.53 Pa). Bentonite additive gave 24 h compressive strength as 620 psi (4.27E+6 Pa) and 565 psi (3.9E+6 Pa), free water of 4.4 and 4.8 ml, yield point of 56 lb/100ft2 (26.81 Pa) and 46 lb/100ft2 (22.02 Pa), and 10 min gel strength of 16 lb/100ft2 (7.66 Pa) This showed that Mucuna solannie is a better alternative cement extender than Bentonite, especially where optimum free water and compressive strength are needed. Although it is found to be lacking in efficient plastic viscosity and thickening time, it can be resolved by the use of additives such as dispersant and accelerator to complement its properties.

scholarly journals Analysis of Effects of Foreign Clay and Local Clay Additives on Viscosity of Water Based Drilling Mud

2021 ◽  
pp. 60-67
Author(s):  
Cyprian Obinna Azinta ◽  
Gordian Onyebuchi Mbah ◽  
Monday Omotioma
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Yield Point ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Gel Strength ◽  
Drilling Mud ◽  
Local Clay ◽  
Gas Well ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Kaolinitic Clay

This research compared the viscosity and other allied rheological properties of formulated water based drilling mud using local clay (that is modified with cheap and available additives) and foreign clay. These additives (such as xanthum gum, high viscosity polyanionic cellulose (PAC-R), modified natural polyanionic cellulose (PAC-L), potassium hydroxide (KOH), sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), and barite) are added to enhance/control the rheological properties (such as density, viscosity, yield point and gel strength) of the drilling mud. In this work, the viscosity and other allied rheological properties of water based mud were improved by the use of locally sourced clay from Awgu in Enugu State. The local clay was beneficiated/treated with hydrochloric acid (HCl) and characterized using x-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometer. The results of the characterization revealed that the local clay is more of silica which is typical of a kaolinitic clay. Local clay was examined as a possible replacement for foreign bentonite by comparing the rheological properties of water based mud (WBM) with bentonite and WBM with clay. Plastic viscosities (PV) of WBM with bentonite and WBM with clay were found to be 11.7 and 12.3 cP respectively. Other allied properties such as yield point, gel   strength, pH   and   mud   weight   of   WBM   with bentonite   and   WBM   with   clay    adequately   compared   closely.   Laboratory analyses   on the effects of three process variables (such as temperature, aging time and dosage of clay/bentonite) on the viscosity of the formulated muds were investigated. The laboratory results show that the readily available additives added to the local clay improved its viscosity and other allied rheological properties for effective drilling of oil and gas well when compared with foreign bentonite.

scholarly journals Improving the Iraqi Oil Well Cement Properties Using Barolift: an Experimental Investigation

2021 ◽  
pp. 147-156
Author(s):  
Ali M. Hadi ◽  
Ayad A. Al-Haleem
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Free Water ◽  
American Petroleum Institute ◽  
Oil Well ◽  
Cement Slurry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Gas Drilling ◽  
Drilling Operations ◽  
Well Cement

Cement is a major component in oil and gas drilling operations that is used to maintain the integrity of boreholes by preventing the movement of formation fluids through the annular space and outside the casing. In 2019, Iraq National Oil Company ordered all international oil and gas companies which are working in Iraq to use Iraqi cement (made in Iraq) in all Iraqi oil fields; however, the X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and compressive strength results in this study show that this cement is not matching with American Petroleum Institute (API) standards. During this study, barolift was used to improve the properties of Iraqi cement used in oil wells at high pressure and high temperature (HPHT). Barolift (1 g) was added to cement admixture to evaluate its influence on improving the performance of cement, mainly related to the property of toughness.  Primarily, the quality and quantity of cement contents were determined using X-ray fluorescence. Experiments were conducted to examine the characteristics of the base cement and the cement system containing 1g of barolift, such as thickening time, free water, compressive strength, and porosity. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were conducted for analyzing the microstructure of cement powder. The experimental results showed that barolift acted as a retarder and improved the thickening time, slightly increased the free water, enhanced the mechanical properties, reduced the porosity, and aided in scheming new cement slurry to withstand the HPHT conditions. Microstructure analysis showed that barolift particles blocked the capillaries by filling cement spaces and, thus, a denser and stricter cement network was achieved.

Study and Use of Geopolymer Mixtures for Oil and Gas Well Cementing Applications

2017 ◽  
Vol 140 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeed Salehi ◽  
Mohammad Jamal Khattak ◽  
Nasir Ali ◽  
C. Ezeakacha ◽  
Fatemeh K. Saleh
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Bond Strength ◽  
Shear Bond Strength ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Material Behavior ◽  
Ductile Material ◽  
Oil Well ◽  
Water Test ◽  
Class F Fly Ash

The study here presents laboratory testing results of Class F fly ash geopolymer for oil well cementing applications. The challenge reported in literature for the short thickening time of geopolymer ash has been overcome in this study, where more than 5 h of the thickening time is achievable. API Class H Portland cement used a controller on all the tests conducted in this work. Tests conducted in this research include unconfined compressive strength (UCS), shear bond strength, thickening time, shrinkage, free water, and cyclic and durability tests. Results indicate temperature as a crucial factor affecting the thickening time of geopolymer mix slurry. UCS testing indicates considerably higher compressive strength after one and fourteen days of curing for geopolymer mixtures. This indicates gaining strength with time for geopolymer mixture, where time retrogression effects are observed for Portland cements. Results also indicate higher shear bond strength for geopolymer mix that can better tolerate debonding issues. Additionally, more ductile material behavior and higher fracture toughness were observed for optimum geopolymer mixes. Tests also show applicability of these materials for deviated wells as a zero free water test was observed.

scholarly journals A Brief Review of Gas Migration in Oilwell Cement Slurries

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2369
Author(s):  
Chengcheng Tao ◽  
Eilis Rosenbaum ◽  
Barbara G. Kutchko ◽  
Mehrdad Massoudi
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Yield Stress ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Gel Strength ◽  
Fluid Loss ◽  
Gas Migration ◽  
Cement Slurry ◽  
Wellbore Pressure ◽  
Lower Fluid

Gas migration in oil and gas wells is defined as gases and/or fluids from adjacent formations invading a freshly cemented annulus. During well completions, gas and/or fluids can migrate to zones with lower pressure or even to the surface. Static gel strength (SGS), related to the yield stress of the cement, is a widely accepted measurement used to predict and minimize gas migration. In this review article, we look at the mechanisms and some possible solutions to gas migration during oil and gas well cementing. The use of static gel strength (SGS) and experimental measurements for SGS and wellbore pressure reduction are discussed. Rheological properties, including the yield stress and the viscosity of cement slurries, are also briefly discussed. Understanding the rheological properties of cement is complex since its material properties depend on cement type, as well as the shape and size distribution of cement particles. From this brief review, it is evident that in order to reduce free water and settling of the cement particles, to lower fluid loss, and to develop compressive strength in the early stages of cementing, an optimal cement slurry design is needed. The SGS test is a standard method used in estimating the free water in the well and could be a reference for gas migration reduction for oilwell cement slurries.

Thickening Time Compatibility of Geopolymer Cement for Drilling Application

2017 ◽  
Vol 864 ◽  
pp. 65-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syahrir Ridha ◽  
Muhammad Fareez Jamali ◽  
Riau Andriana Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Ordinary Portland Cement ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Fluid Loss ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Geopolymer Cement ◽  
Temperature And Pressure

This paper investigates the composition of geopolymer cement for thickening time under elevated temperature and pressure. Geopolymer based-cement becoming popular in construction industries because of its improved properties either chemically and physically as compared to Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC). At the same time, replacement of OPC with geopolymer cement able to eliminate CO2 emission due to calcination burning process. However, applications of geopolymer cement to oil and gas industry for cementing job are not well recorded. Fly ash based geopolymer cement with different percentages of slag from 0% to 10% were mixed using sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate as alkali activators. Density, fluid loss and compressive strengths were determined. The sample were cured at 3,000 psi and 65°C for 24 hours. Results show that the addition of slag reduces the thickening time from 30 minutes to just only 18 minutes with almost 40% reduction in time. In terms of density and compressive strength, an increment of slag is directly proportional as the value increased from 14.3 ppg to 15.0 ppg for density and 1,120 psi to 2,155 psi for compressive strength. For fluid loss test, increment of slag results in decrement of fluid loss from 0.64 ml to just only 0.38 ml.

scholarly journals Oil and gas well drilling technology based on the system approaches and the results of application

2021 ◽  
Vol 1064 (1) ◽  
pp. 012059
Author(s):  
R R Gazizov ◽  
A P Chizhov ◽  
V E Andreev ◽  
A V Chibisov ◽  
V V Mukhametshin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Gas Well ◽  
Well Drilling ◽  
Drilling Technology ◽  
System Approaches
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