scholarly journals La-Faujasite zeolite activated with boron trifluoride: synthesis and application as solid acid catalyst for isobutane–isobutene alkylation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Bolonio ◽  
Yolanda Sánchez-Palencia ◽  
María-Jesús García-Martínez ◽  
Marcelo F. Ortega ◽  
José Eugenio Ortiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boron Trifluoride ◽  
Solid Acid Catalyst ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Boron Trifluoride Etherate ◽  
Acid Sites ◽  
Alkylation Reaction ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fau Zeolite ◽  
Sodium Form

AbstractThe sodium form of Faujasite Y (Na-FAU) zeolite has been synthesized by the hydrothermal method, and it has been exchanged with ammonium sulphate and later with lanthanum (III) chloride solutions to obtain the La-FAU catalyst. The three zeolites Na-FAU, NH4+-FAU and La-FAU have been characterized by microcrystalline X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, surface area, pore volume and Brönsted acid sites. The La-FAU catalyst has been successfully activated with boron trifluoride etherate, and it has been tested in the alkylation reaction of isobutane with isobutene up to 112 h of time on stream, since the raw La-FAU catalyst showed a rapid deactivation.

Synthesis and structure of a stegane from dimethylmatairesinol

1984 ◽  
Vol 37 (8) ◽  
pp. 1775 ◽  
Author(s):  
RC Cambie ◽  
GR Clark ◽  
PA Craw ◽  
PS Rutledge ◽  
PD Woodgate
Keyword(s):  
Trifluoroacetic Acid ◽  
Oxidative Coupling ◽  
Boron Trifluoride ◽  
Boron Trifluoride Etherate ◽  
High Yield ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

Oxidative coupling of dimethylmatairesinol with thallium tristrifluoroacetate (prepared in situ from thallium(III) oxide and trifluoroacetic acid) and boron trifluoride etherate gives a high yield of an isostegane which has been isomerized thermally to a stegane. Stereochemical assignments have been confirmed by X-ray diffraction studies.

scholarly journals An Efficient Protocol for the Green and Solvent-Free Synthesis of Azine Derivatives at Room Temperature Using BiCl3-Loaded Montmorillonite K10 as a New Recyclable Heterogeneous Catalyst

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Ravi ◽  
B. Krishnakumar ◽  
M. Swaminathan
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Solid Acid Catalyst ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Dispersion Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Montmorillonite K10 ◽  
Cv Measurements ◽  
Recyclable Heterogeneous Catalyst ◽  
Solvent Free Synthesis

A new BiCl3-loaded montmorillonite K10 catalyst has been prepared by solid dispersion method and was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements. BiCl3 loaded K10 (BiCl3-K10) has been used as solid acid catalyst for the synthesis of azine derivatives from benzophenone hydrazone and ketones/aldehydes by simple physical grinding. This BiCl3-K10 gives an excellent yield with short reaction time and is an inexpensive, easily recyclable catalyst for this reaction.

scholarly journals A SYNTHESIS OF SOLID ACID CATALYSTS FOR USING IN HYDROLYSIS OF CELLULOSE FROM RICE STRAW INTO GLUCOSE

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (1B) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
T-Que Phuong Phan
Keyword(s):  
Solid Acid ◽  
Solid Acid Catalyst ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Hydrolysis Of Cellulose ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

In this study, a carbon–based solid acid catalyst was prepared via hydrothermal carbonization method (HTC) using glucose and pyrolysed waste tyre as carbon precursors and aqueous solution of H2SO4 as sulfonation agent. Prepared catalysts were characterized by X–ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared FT–IR and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET). As the result, catalysts were manufactured with the appropriate physical and chemical characteristics and high acidity.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Polytetrahydrofuran Using Protonated Kaolin as A Solid Acid Catalyst

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 294
Author(s):  
Abdelhak Moumen ◽  
Zhour Hattab ◽  
Youghourta Belhocine ◽  
Kamel Guerfi ◽  
Nacer Rebbani
Keyword(s):  
Solid Acid ◽  
Solid Acid Catalyst ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Crystalline Substance ◽  
High Catalytic Activity ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ft Ir

In this work, a non-toxic protonated kaolin clay exchanged with protons, was successfully applied as a solid acid catalyst for the polymerization of tetrahydrofuran (poly(THF)) at room temperature in the presence of acetic anhydride. Prior to using the kaolin as a catalyst, it was treated with HCl (0.1 M) and characterized using various analytical techniques. The amounts of catalyst and reaction time on the conversion of THF were investigated. Characterizations of nuclear magnetic Resonance of proton (1H-NMR), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Optical Microscopy (OM), and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) techniques were used to examine the resulting polymer. X-ray characterization and DSC data indicated that the obtained poly(THF) is a highly crystalline substance. The results showed that protonated kaolin (kaolin–H+) has a high catalytic activity for the polymerization of THF with a conversion rate of 50.02% after 20 hours. Copyright © 2019 BCREC Group. All rights reserved. 

Synthesis and Characterization of Heterogeneous Solid Acid Catalyst from Alstonia Scolaris Stalks for Biodiesel Production using Waste Cooking Oil

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charishma Venkata Sai Anne ◽  
Karthikeyan S. ◽  
Arun C.
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Solid Acid ◽  
Solid Acid Catalyst ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Wood Biomass ◽  
Waste Wood ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cooking Oil

Background: Waste biomass derived reusable heterogeneous acid based catalysts are more suitable to overcome the problems associated with homogeneous catalysts. The use of agricultural biomass as catalyst for transesterification process is more economical and it reduces the overall production cost of biodiesel. The identification of an appropriate suitable catalyst for effective transesterification will be a landmark in biofuel sector Objective: In the present investigation, waste wood biomass was used to prepare a low cost sulfonated solid acid catalyst for the production of biodiesel using waste cooking oil. Methods: The pretreated wood biomass was first calcined then sulfonated with H2SO4. The catalyst was characterized by various analyses such as, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The central composite design (CCD) based response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to study the influence of individual process variables such as temperature, catalyst load, methanol to oil molar ration and reaction time on biodiesel yield. Results: The obtained optimized conditions are as follows: temperature (165 ˚C), catalyst loading (1.625 wt%), methanol to oil molar ratio (15:1) and reaction time (143 min) with a maximum biodiesel yield of 95 %. The Gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of biodiesel produced from waste cooking oil was showed that it has a mixture of both monounsaturated and saturated methyl esters. Conclusion: Thus the waste wood biomass derived heterogeneous catalyst for the transesterification process of waste cooking oil can be applied for sustainable biodiesel production by adding an additional value for the waste materials and also eliminating the disposable problem of waste oils.

Influence of Organophilization Process Variables in Bentonite Clays from Cubati-PB

2012 ◽  
Vol 727-728 ◽  
pp. 1467-1472
Author(s):  
Carla Dantas da Silva ◽  
Rosa do Carmo de Oliveira Lima ◽  
Julliana Marques Rocha Costa ◽  
Gelmires Araújo Neves ◽  
Heber Carlos Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Bentonite Clay ◽  
Laser Diffraction ◽  
Ionic Surfactants ◽  
Organic Media ◽  
Process Variables ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Bentonite Clays ◽  
Sodium Form

This work aims at the development of organoclay from two varieties of bentonite for use in organic media using ionic surfactants, studying the influence of process variables in the organophilization process. We used the following materials: natural bentonite clay from Cubati-PB District, and the ionic quaternary ammonium salt: Praepagen WB® with 45% active matter. The clays were benefited and then turned into sodium form and subsequently into organoclays. The bentonites were characterized by laser diffraction (GA) X-ray fluorescence chemical composition (EDX), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), thermogravimetry (DTA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The organoclays were characterized by (XRD) thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and thermogravimetry (DTA). The results showed that the clay has potential for application in the organophilization process and that there is influence of process variables.

scholarly journals Oxidative Desulfurization of Tire Pyrolysis Oil over Molybdenum Heteropolyacid Loaded Mesoporous Catalysts

Reactions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 457-472
Author(s):  
Jasmine Kaur ◽  
Sundaramurthy Vedachalam ◽  
Philip Boahene ◽  
Ajay K. Dalai
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Content ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Supported Catalysts ◽  
Surface Acidity ◽  
Oxidative Desulfurization ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Acid Sites ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Pyrolysis Oil ◽  
X Ray

Pyrolysis oil derived from waste tires consists of sulfur content in the range of 7000 to 9000 ppm. For use in diesel engines, its sulfur content must be lowered to 10 to 15 ppm. Though conventional hydrodesulfurization is suitable for the removal of sulfur from tire pyrolysis oil, its high cost provides an avenue for alternative desulfurization technologies to be explored. In this study, oxidative desulfurization (ODS), a low-cost technology, was explored for the desulfurization of tire pyrolysis oil. Two categories of titanium-incorporated mesoporous supports with 20 wt% loaded heteropoly molybdic acid catalyst (HPMo/Ti-Al2O3 and HPMo/Ti-TUD-1) were developed and tested for ODS of tire pyrolysis oil at mild process conditions. Catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, BET-N2 physisorption, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The incorporation of Ti into Al2O3 and TUD-1 frameworks was confirmed by XPS. The surface acidity of catalysts was studied by the temperature-programmed desorption of NH3 and pyridine FTIR analyses. HPMo/Ti-Al2O3 and HPMo/Ti-TUD-1 catalysts contained both Lewis and Brønsted acid sites. The presence of titanium in catalysts was found to promote the ODS activity of phosphomolybdic acid. The Ti-TUD-1-supported catalysts performed better than the Ti-Al2O3-supported catalysts for the ODS of tire pyrolysis oil. Hydrogen peroxide and cumene peroxide were found to be better oxidants than tert-butyl hydroperoxide for oxidizing sulfur compounds of tire pyrolysis oil. Process parameter optimization by the design of experiments was conducted with an optimal catalyst along with the catalyst regeneration study. An ANOVA statistical analysis demonstrated that the oxidant/sulfur and catalyst/oil ratios were more significant than the reaction temperature for the ODS of tire pyrolysis oil. It followed the pseudo-first-order kinetics over HPMo/Ti-TUD-1.

Cation Movements during Dehydration and NO2 Desorption in a Ba–Y,FAU Zeolite: An in Situ Time-Resolved X-ray Diffraction Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 117 (8) ◽  
pp. 3915-3922 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianqin Wang ◽  
Jonathan C. Hanson ◽  
Ja Hun Kwak ◽  
Janos Szanyi ◽  
Charles H. F. Peden
Keyword(s):  
Diffraction Study ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fau Zeolite

X-Ray and Fluorescence Studies on Phospholipid Bilayers. IX. Interactions with Pentachlorophenol

1990 ◽  
Vol 45 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 265-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Suwalsky ◽  
M. A. Espinoza ◽  
M. Bagnara ◽  
C. P. Sotomayor
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Phospholipid Bilayers ◽  
Erythrocyte Membranes ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fluorescence Studies ◽  
Human Erythrocyte Membranes ◽  
Cell Membrane Level ◽  
Membrane Level ◽  
Sodium Form

Abstract Pentachlorophenol (PCP) is a widely used and highly toxic fungicide. Its toxicity is mainly expressed at the cell membrane level. It is, therefore, of interest to test its ability to alter the lipid bilayer organization. The present study was performed by X-ray diffraction techniques on dimyristoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DMPE) and dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) bilayers and by fluorescence on DMPC liposomes. These two phospholipids are respectively found at the inner and outer monolayers of human erythrocyte membranes. Each type of phospholipid was made to interact with different concentrations of the sodium form of PCP in absence and in presence of water. It was found that PCP significatively affected the structure of both phospholipids, being the damage much higher in DM PC bilayers.

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