scholarly journals Role of Differences in Surface Diurnal–Nocturnal Thermodynamics over Complex Terrain in a Squall Line Process

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Tao ◽  
Xuexing Qiu ◽  
Ruijiao Wu ◽  
Kun Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Complex Terrain ◽  
Squall Line ◽  
Line Process

scholarly journals Behind the Scenes: The Women Filmmakers of New Pakistani Cinema

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-26
Author(s):  
Zebunnisa Hamid
Keyword(s):  
Complex Terrain ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Multiple Roles ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Women Filmmakers ◽  
Women Directors ◽  
Production Distribution ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
New Industry

In order to locate and contextualise the space women filmmakers occupy in what I refer to as New Pakistani Cinema (NPC), this article highlights the eight women directors of NPC, whose films were released between 2013 and 2018: Afia Nathaniel, Iram Parveen Bilal, Meenu Gaur, Mehreen Jabbar, Momina Duraid, Sabiha Sumar, Sharmeen Obaid-Chinoy and Shazia Ali Khan. In doing so, this article also touches upon women working behind the scenes as producers and writers (often in multiple roles on the same film as director, producer and/or writer) to illustrate how women filmmakers have played a key role in establishing NPC in its early years. Starting with initial releases in 2013, NPC functions within a complex terrain, informed in part by new industry players, the crossing of borders in the production of films, the role of foreign content in Pakistani cinemas and an engagement with regional and global themes situated within a local context. Therefore, NPC and the evolving cinema culture that surrounds it demand unique and innovative forms and avenues of production, distribution and exhibition, along with distinct emerging imaginaries that are an amalgamation of the local, national, regional and global. It is within the temporal and spatial intersections of these different processes that we can begin to situate these women filmmakers.

Lightning characteristics of a squall line process

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yangang Huang ◽  
Chuanyan Zhang ◽  
Zhiquan Wu ◽  
Fude Wang
Keyword(s):  
Squall Line ◽  
Line Process

Thermodynamic Recovery of the Pressure and Temperature Fields over Complex Terrain Using Wind Fields Derived by Multiple-Doppler Radar Synthesis

2019 ◽  
Vol 147 (10) ◽  
pp. 3843-3857
Author(s):  
Yu-Chieng Liou ◽  
Po-Chien Yang ◽  
Wen-Yuan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Model ◽  
Cost Function ◽  
Complex Terrain ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Flow Region ◽  
Temperature Fields ◽  
Radiosonde Data ◽  
Squall Line ◽  
Wind Fields ◽  
Retrieval Scheme

Abstract A new thermodynamic retrieval scheme is developed by which one can use the wind fields synthesized from multiple-Doppler radars to derive the three-dimensional thermodynamic fields over complex terrain. A cost function consisting of momentum equations and a simplified thermodynamic equation is formulated. By categorizing the analysis domain into flow and terrain regions, the variational technique is applied to minimize this cost function only within the flow region, leading to the solutions for the three-dimensional pressure and temperature perturbations immediately over terrain. Using idealized datasets generated by a numerical model, an experiment is first conducted to assess the accuracy of the proposed algorithm. The retrieval scheme is then applied to a real case that occurred during the 2008 Southwestern Monsoon Experiment (SoWMEX) conducted in Taiwan. The retrieved thermodynamic fields, verified by radiosonde data, reveal the structure of a prefrontal squall line as it approaches a mountain. The retrieved three-dimensional high-resolution pressure and temperature along with the wind fields not only allow us to better understand the thermodynamic and kinematic structure of a heavy rainfall system, but can also be assimilated into a numerical model to improve the forecast.

Aiming at a moving target: methodological reflections on the study of politics of citizen-centric governance in post-earthquake Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nimesh Dhungana
Keyword(s):  
Complex Terrain ◽  
Early Career ◽  
Disaster Research ◽  
Humanitarian Crisis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Scant Attention ◽  
Static Target ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Methodological Reflection

PurposeThe growing prominence of disaster research has also prompted vibrant discussions about the motivation and ethical conduct of disaster researchers. Yet, the individual researchers' aspirations and aims, together with the challenging and changing circumstances under which one undertakes disaster research have received relatively scant attention. Drawing on the author’s personal experience of becoming a disaster researcher under the unexpected humanitarian crisis following the 2015 Nepal earthquakes, this paper seeks to contribute to the debates surrounding the role of reflexivity and ethical sensitivity in doing disaster research under the climate of uncertainty.Design/methodology/approachThe paper draws on the author’s reflections and vignettes to highlight the author’s experience of becoming a disaster researcher, and my trajectory of navigating the complex terrain of fieldwork.FindingsThe paper underscores how the process of becoming a disaster researcher was closely intertwined with and shaped by my concerns and care for the disaster-affected communities. The paper argues that doing contextually relevant and ethically sensitive research is not a static target. It demands constant reflexivity and improvisation, in response to the unpredictable real-world conditions of disasters. Instead of aiming to tame such uncertainty, disaster researchers may benefit from appreciating and embracing uncertainty as a major facet of its epistemological distinctiveness.Originality/valueThe paper contributes to the ongoing efforts in advancing methodological reflection and innovation in disaster research. In so doing, the paper is expected to aid early-career researchers who are often faced with ethical and practical dilemmas of doing fieldwork.

On the persistence of tropical shallow convective squall lines - the role of cold pools

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludovic Touzé-Peiffer ◽  
Nicolas Rochetin ◽  
Raphaela Vogel
Keyword(s):  
Wind Shear ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Trade Wind ◽  
Squall Line ◽  
Cold Pools ◽  
Squall Lines ◽  
German Model ◽  
Convective Cells

<p>A considerable amount of literature has been devoted to the study of strong convective squall line. In particular, many studies have noted the role of cold pools on the persistence of these squall lines. Observations and simulations have shown that squall lines are often associated with pools of air cooled by partial rain evaporation. Such cold pools spread at the surface and may initiate new convective cells at their edges, thus contributing to the maintenance of a squall line. Under which environmental conditions the lifting at the edges of cold pools is most efficient has been subject to many debates. Yet, it is generally acknowledged that the environmental wind shear is a critical factor in this process. </p><p>Recent observations and realistic simulations over the trade-wind region have revealed persistent structures of shallow cumuli associated with surface cold pools. We will call these structures shallow convective squall lines, due to their similarity with strong convective squall lines. Based on simulations from the German model ICON and on recent observations from the field campaign EUREC4A, we will study the characteristics of these shallow convective squall lines and their lifecycle. Similarly to strong convective squall lines, shallow convective squall lines organized around a leading edge composed by many updrafts and downdrafts feeding the surface cold pools. We will see that the environmental wind shear plays a key role in the persistence of these shallow convective squall line, and we will compare our findings with classical theories for strong convective squall lines.</p>

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