Genomic architecture of alpha-amylase activity in mature rye grain relative to that of preharvest sprouting

2011 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Masojć ◽  
Magdalena Wiśniewska ◽  
Anna Łań ◽  
Paweł Milczarski ◽  
Marcin Berdzik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amylase Activity ◽  
Preharvest Sprouting ◽  
Alpha Amylase ◽  
Genomic Architecture

Heterosis, overdominance for grain yield, and alpha-amylase activity in F1 hybrids between near-isogenic Rht dwarf and tall wheats

1997 ◽  
Vol 129 (4) ◽  
pp. 371-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. FLINTHAM ◽  
W. J. ANGUS ◽  
M. D. GALE
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Amylase Activity ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Preharvest Sprouting ◽  
Alpha Amylase ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Dwarfing Genes ◽  
Heterozygous Condition ◽  
Reduced Height ◽  
Continuous Range

The Rht-B1b, Rht-D1b and Rht-B1c alleles for reduced height in wheat (the Norin 10 and Tom Thumb dwarfing genes previously known as Rht1, Rht2 and Rht3) were exploited in combinations to generate a near-continuous range of plant heights, from 53 cm to 123 cm, amongst near-isogenic homozygotes and F1 hybrids. Pleiotropic yield effects of Rht genes were measured in both homozygous (intravarietal) and heterozygous (intervarietal) genetic backgrounds. Heterosis due to overdominance of Rht genes was detected among intravarietal hybrids. The effects of heterozygosity at other genetic loci (mean dominance) were determined, independently of Rht effects, from comparisons between intravarietal and intervarietal F1 hybrids.Genotypes of intermediate plant heights gave maximum yields, in agreement with other trials of the homozygous lines, so that heterosis (hybrid exceeding best parent) for Rht yield effects was observed in crosses between tall and dwarf isogenic pairs. This heterosis combined additively with increased mean weight per grain in intervarietal crosses, generating the highest overall grain yields in hybrids with semi-dwarf stature in heterozygous genetic backgrounds. The Rht-B1c allele showed single-gene overdominance for grain yield, also the production of alpha-amylase in ripening grains of Maris Huntsman was effectively inhibited in the Rht-B1a/c intravarietal hybrid. The Rht-B1c allele thus offers advantages for both grain yield and grain quality in the heterozygous condition and should be considered as an alternative to the conventional semi-dwarfing genes Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b for F1 varieties in environments conductive to preharvest sprouting.

Inhaled Salmeterol Induces Salivary Alpha Amylase Activity in Healthy Subjects

2015 ◽  
Vol 135 (2) ◽  
pp. AB4
Author(s):  
Andrea A. Pappalardo ◽  
Sherlyana Surja ◽  
Caitlin M. Campion ◽  
Sarah J. Aldrich ◽  
James N. Moy
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Amylase Activity ◽  
Alpha Amylase ◽  
Salivary Alpha Amylase

scholarly journals The genetics of late maturity alpha-amylase (LMA) in North American spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Chang Liu ◽  
Rehana S. Parveen ◽  
Samuel R. Revolinski ◽  
Kimberly A. Garland Campbell ◽  
Michael O. Pumphrey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
North American ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Preharvest Sprouting ◽  
Alpha Amylase ◽  
Reduced Height ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Late Maturity

Abstract Genetic susceptibility to late maturity alpha-amylase (LMA) in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) results in increased alpha-amylase activity in mature grain when cool conditions occur during late grain maturation. Farmers are forced to sell wheat grain with elevated alpha-amylase at a discount because it has an increased risk of poor end-product quality. This problem can result from either LMA or preharvest sprouting, grain germination on the mother plant when rain occurs before harvest. Whereas preharvest sprouting is a well-understood problem, little is known about the risk LMA poses to North American wheat crops. To examine this, LMA susceptibility was characterized in a panel of 251 North American hard spring wheat lines, representing ten geographical areas. It appears that there is substantial LMA susceptibility in North American wheat since only 27% of the lines showed reproducible LMA resistance following cold-induction experiments. A preliminary genome-wide association study detected six significant marker-trait associations. LMA in North American wheat may result from genetic mechanisms similar to those previously observed in Australian and International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) germplasm since two of the detected QTLs, QLMA.wsu.7B and QLMA.wsu.6B, co-localized with previously reported loci. The Reduced height (Rht) loci also influenced LMA. Elevated alpha-amylase levels were significantly associated with the presence of both wild-type and tall height, rht-B1a and rht-D1a, loci in both cold-treated and untreated samples.

scholarly journals Primary metabolite mobilization during germination in rosewood (Aniba rosaeodora Ducke) seeds

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Braga Souza Lima ◽  
José Francisco de Carvalho Gonçalves ◽  
Silvana Cristina Pando ◽  
Andréia Varmes Fernandes ◽  
André Luis Wendt dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Amylase Activity ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Alpha Amylase ◽  
Primary Metabolite ◽  
Radicle Growth ◽  
Starch Mobilization

This study aimed to characterize protein, oil, starch and soluble sugar mobilization as well as the activity of alpha-amylase during rosewood seed germination. Germination test was carried out at 25°C and the following parameters were analyzed: percentage of germination, initial, average, and final germination time. Seed reserve quantification was monitored in quiescent seeds and during different stages of radicle growth. Starch mobilization was studied in function of a-amylase activity. Germination reached 87.5% at the initial, average, and final time of 16, 21 and 30 days, respectively. Oil mobilization showed a negative linear behavior, decreasing 40% between the first and the last stage analyzed, whereas protein levels increased 34.7% during the initial period of germination. Starch content (46.4%) was the highest among those of the metabolites analyzed and starch mobilization occurred inversely to the observed for soluble sugars; alpha-amylase activity increased until the 15th day, a period before radicle emission and corresponding to the highest starch mobilization. The high percentage of rosewood seed germination may be related to the controlled condition used in the germination chamber as well as to high seed reserve mobilization, in special oil and starch.

scholarly journals Salivary alpha-amylase activity and cortisol in horses with acute abdominal disease: a pilot study

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
María Dolores Contreras-Aguilar ◽  
Damián Escribano ◽  
María Martín-Cuervo ◽  
Fernando Tecles ◽  
Jose Joaquín Cerón
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Amylase Activity ◽  
Alpha Amylase ◽  
Salivary Alpha Amylase ◽  
Abdominal Disease
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