Correction to: Small-scale rearing of the black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae), in the laboratory: low-cost and year-round rearing

In developing countries, effective waste management strategies are constrained by high collection costs and lack of adequate treatment and disposal options. The organic fraction in particular, which accounts for more than 50% of the waste production, constitutes a great, yet mostly neglected, reuse potential. Concomitantly, the demand for alternative protein sources by the livestock feed industry is sharply increasing. A technology that effectively transforms organic waste into valuable feed is therefore a timely option. Larvae of the non-pest black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens L. (Diptera: Stratiomyidae), may be used to reduce the mass of organic waste significantly. Concurrently, larval feeding converts organic waste into prepupae (last larval stage) which is high in protein. In combination with a viable market, this potential animal feed may cover the waste collection costs and thus promote innovative, small-scale entrepreneurs to establish a profitable business niche. Organic waste, however, often contains persistent pollutants, such as heavy metals, that may accumulate in the larvae and prepupae of black soldier flies and consequently in the food chain. In this study, we fed black soldier fly larvae chicken feed spiked with heavy metals (cadmium, lead and zinc at three concentrations each) to examine the extent of metal accumulation in the different life stages and the effect of heavy metal concentration in the feed on the life cycle determinants of the flies. The cadmium accumulation factor in prepupae (metal concentration in the body divided by metal concentration in the food) ranged between 2.32 and 2.94; however, the lead concentration remained well below its initial concentration in the feed. The bioaccumulation factor of zinc in prepupae decreased with increasing zinc concentration in the feed (from 0.97 to 0.39). None of the three heavy metal elements had significant effects on the life cycle determinants (prepupal weight, development time, sex ratio).

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System development for production of black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) in small scale, using wild flies

Research Society and Development ◽

10.33448/rsd-v11i1.24747 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. e20311124747

Author(s):

Sandro Morais dos Santos ◽

Paolo Lages Sequenzia ◽

Elias Barbosa Rodrigues ◽

Isabela Parolis Martins ◽

Arlen Nicson Lopes Pena ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Waste ◽

Egg Laying ◽

Wire Mesh ◽

Alternative Methods ◽

Small Scale ◽

Plant Residues ◽

Black Soldier Fly ◽

Hermetia Illucens ◽

Black Soldier Fly Larvae ◽

Fly Larvae

Technological innovation in rural areas guarantees the maintenance and subsistence of rural producers. Additionally, it is mandatory to use strategies aimed at reducing costs in animal production and reducing the environmental impact involved, making it challenging in the current global scenario. Thus, it is necessary to develop new alternative methods of production aimed at small scales, which can be implemented in small properties with reduced capital investment. In this sense, the objective was to describe the development of a system capable of inducing the production of black soldier fly larvae-BSFL (Hermetia illucens) through the attractiveness of egg laying of wild adults. To make the larvae production system, the following were needed: a plastic drum, with a capacity of 200 liters, 10 meters of 8mm silk rope, 1.5 m2 of wire mesh with 25mm x 20mm mesh, 1 m2 3mm x 2mm nylon mesh, plastic faucet for draining the slurry, one meter of 20mm diameter hose, two plastic containers with capacity of 20 liters for collecting the slurry and pre-pupae; besides equipment for cutting and finishing the drum. The System was supplied with organic plant material from daily household disposal, and other plant residues produced on the property. The development of this System can provide great social and economic viability, as it can be implemented in small rural properties for the treatment of organic waste. The mechanism presented good performance for the recycling of organic waste, and also for the production of BSFL, with satisfactory quantity collected daily.

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Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) prepupae as a potential feedstuff for piglets

10.1603/ice.2016.113281 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Thomas Spranghers

Keyword(s):

Black Soldier Fly ◽

Hermetia Illucens

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OBTAINING CHITIN FROM THE BLACK SOLDIER FLY HERMETIA ILLUCENS BY DIRECT EXTRACTION

Izvestia Ufimskogo Nauchnogo Tsentra RAN ◽

10.31040/2222-8349-2018-2-3-84-87 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 84-87 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A.S. Khayrova ◽

◽

S.A. Lopatin ◽

O.A. Sinitsyna ◽

A.P. Sinitsyn ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Direct Extraction ◽

Black Soldier Fly ◽

Hermetia Illucens

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Tools of Transformation: Appropriate Technology in U.S. Countercultural Literature

American Studies in Scandinavia ◽

10.22439/asca.v44i2.4917 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 44 (2) ◽

pp. 75-93

Author(s):

Peter Mortensen

Keyword(s):

Low Cost ◽

Appropriate Technology ◽

Small Scale ◽

Environmental Transformation ◽

Buckminster Fuller ◽

1960S And 1970S ◽

The 1960S ◽

Environmentally Sound ◽

User Friendly ◽

Second Wave

This essay takes its cue from second-wave ecocriticism and from recent scholarly interest in the “appropriate technology” movement that evolved during the 1960s and 1970s in California and elsewhere. “Appropriate technology” (or AT) refers to a loosely-knit group of writers, engineers and designers active in the years around 1970, and more generally to the counterculture’s promotion, development and application of technologies that were small-scale, low-cost, user-friendly, human-empowering and environmentally sound. Focusing on two roughly contemporary but now largely forgotten American texts Sidney Goldfarb’s lyric poem “Solar-Heated-Rhombic-Dodecahedron” (1969) and Gurney Norman’s novel Divine Right’s Trip (1971)—I consider how “hip” literary writers contributed to eco-technological discourse and argue for the 1960s counterculture’s relevance to present-day ecological concerns. Goldfarb’s and Norman’s texts interest me because they conceptualize iconic 1960s technologies—especially the Buckminster Fuller-inspired geodesic dome and the Volkswagen van—not as inherently alienating machines but as tools of profound individual, social and environmental transformation. Synthesizing antimodernist back-to-nature desires with modernist enthusiasm for (certain kinds of) machinery, these texts adumbrate a humanity- and modernity-centered post-wilderness model of environmentalism that resonates with the dilemmas that we face in our increasingly resource-impoverished, rapidly warming and densely populated world.

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Development of a simplified gas ultracleaning process: experiments in biomass residue-based fixed-bed gasification syngas

Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery ◽

10.1007/s13399-021-01680-x ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Christian Frilund ◽

Esa Kurkela ◽

Ilkka Hiltunen

Keyword(s):

Activated Carbons ◽

Low Cost ◽

Fixed Bed ◽

Carbonyl Sulfide ◽

Gas Analysis ◽

Small Scale ◽

Cleaning Process ◽

Medium Temperature ◽

Gas Cleaning ◽

Adsorption Affinity

AbstractFor the realization of small-scale biomass-to-liquid (BTL) processes, low-cost syngas cleaning remains a major obstacle, and for this reason a simplified gas ultracleaning process is being developed. In this study, a low- to medium-temperature final gas cleaning process based on adsorption and organic solvent-free scrubbing methods was coupled to a pilot-scale staged fixed-bed gasification facility including hot filtration and catalytic reforming steps for extended duration gas cleaning tests for the generation of ultraclean syngas. The final gas cleaning process purified syngas from woody and agricultural biomass origin to a degree suitable for catalytic synthesis. The gas contained up to 3000 ppm of ammonia, 1300 ppm of benzene, 200 ppm of hydrogen sulfide, 10 ppm of carbonyl sulfide, and 5 ppm of hydrogen cyanide. Post-run characterization displayed that the accumulation of impurities on the Cu-based deoxygenation catalyst (TOS 105 h) did not occur, demonstrating that effective main impurity removal was achieved in the first two steps: acidic water scrubbing (AWC) and adsorption by activated carbons (AR). In the final test campaign, a comprehensive multipoint gas analysis confirmed that ammonia was fully removed by the scrubbing step, and benzene and H2S were fully removed by the subsequent activated carbon beds. The activated carbons achieved > 90% removal of up to 100 ppm of COS and 5 ppm of HCN in the syngas. These results provide insights into the adsorption affinity of activated carbons in a complex impurity matrix, which would be arduous to replicate in laboratory conditions.

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