Mild sodium hydroxide pretreatment of tobacco product waste to enable efficient bioethanol production by separate hydrolysis and fermentation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sare Sarbishei ◽  
Amir Goshadrou ◽  
Mohammad Sadegh Hatamipour
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Separate Hydrolysis And Fermentation ◽  
Tobacco Product Waste

scholarly journals Butting out: an analysis of support for measures to address tobacco product waste

2019 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2019-054956
Author(s):  
Janet Hoek ◽  
Philip Gendall ◽  
Mei-Ling Blank ◽  
Lindsay Robertson ◽  
Louise Marsh
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Political Support ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Attribution Of Responsibility ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Full Life Cycle ◽  
Producer Responsibility ◽  
Tobacco Product Waste

BackgroundCigarette butts are ubiquitous litter items, causing major environmental damage and imposing significant clean-up costs. Tobacco companies frame smokers as both the cause of this problem and the source of its solution. However, an extended producer responsibility perspective challenges this view and holds tobacco companies to account for the full life cycle costs of tobacco product waste (TPW).MethodsUsing an online cross-sectional survey of 396 New Zealand smokers and 414 non-smokers, we estimated awareness of TPW, attribution of responsibility for TPW and support for interventions to reduce TPW. Descriptive analyses and logistic regression models examined associations between demographic attributes and smoking behaviours, and perceptions of TPW and potential solutions to this problem.ResultsMost respondents saw butt litter as toxic to the environment and held smokers primarily responsible for creating TPW. However, when knowledge of butt non-biodegradability increased, so too did the proportion holding tobacco companies responsible for TPW. Changes to product design, fines for littering and expanded smoke-free spaces were considered most likely to reduce TPW. Smokers and non-smokers held different views on measures to address TPW, with smokers favouring more educative approaches and non-smokers more restrictive policies.ConclusionsStrategies to increase awareness of tobacco companies’ role in creating TPW could foster political support for producer responsibility measures that require the industry to manage TPW. Nevertheless, policy measures should continue to foster smoking cessation and decrease uptake, as reducing smoking prevalence presents the best long-term solution to addressing TPW.

scholarly journals Perspectives on Tobacco Product Waste: A Survey of Framework Convention Alliance Members’ Knowledge, Attitudes, and Beliefs

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 9683-9691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanas Javadian ◽  
Paula Stigler-Granados ◽  
Clifton Curtis ◽  
Francis Thompson ◽  
Laurent Huber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Attitudes And Beliefs ◽  
Tobacco Product Waste

Cold sodium hydroxide/urea based pretreatment of bamboo for bioethanol production: Characterization of the cellulose rich fraction

2010 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 551-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-Fei Li ◽  
Yong-Ming Fan ◽  
Feng Xu ◽  
Run-Cang Sun ◽  
Xun-Li Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Bioethanol Production

Bioethanol production from dilute acid pretreated Indian bamboo variety (Dendrocalamus sp.) by separate hydrolysis and fermentation

2014 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 169-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raveendran Sindhu ◽  
Mathiyazhakan Kuttiraja ◽  
Parameswaran Binod ◽  
Rajeev K. Sukumaran ◽  
Ashok Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Dilute Acid ◽  
Separate Hydrolysis And Fermentation

scholarly journals Evaluation of Alkali-Pretreated Soybean Straw for Lignocellulosic Bioethanol Production

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seonghun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Enzymatic Saccharification ◽  
Renewable Resource ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
Lignocellulosic Bioethanol ◽  
Acid Metabolites ◽  
Soybean Straw ◽  
Pretreated Biomass ◽  
Simultaneous Saccharification

Soybean straw is a renewable resource in agricultural residues that can be used for lignocellulosic bioethanol production. To enhance enzymatic digestibility and fermentability, the biomass was prepared with an alkali-thermal pretreatment (sodium hydroxide, 121°C, 60 min). The delignification yield was 34.1~53%, in proportion to the amount of sodium hydroxide, from 0.5 to 3.0 M. The lignin and hemicellulose contents of the pretreated biomass were reduced by the pretreatment process, whereas the proportion of cellulose was increased. Under optimal condition, the pretreated biomass consisted of 74.0±0.1% cellulose, 10.3±0.1% hemicellulose, and 10.1±0.6% lignin. During enzymatic saccharification using Cellic® CTec2 cellulase, 10% (w/v) of pretreated soybean straw was hydrolyzed completely and converted to 67.3±2.1 g/L glucose and 9.4±0.5 g/L xylose with a 90.9% yield efficiency. Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of the pretreated biomass by Saccharomyces cerevisiae W303-1A produced 30.5±1.2 g/L ethanol in 0.5 L fermented medium containing 10% (w/v) pretreated biomass after 72 h. The ethanol productivity was 0.305 g ethanol/g dry biomass and 0.45 g ethanol/g glucose after fermentation, with a low concentration of organic acid metabolites. Also, 82% of fermentable sugar was used by the yeast for ethanol fermentation. These results show that the combination of alkaline pretreatment and biomass hydrolysate is useful for enhancing bioethanol productivity using delignified soybean straw.

scholarly journals Bioethanol production from lignocellulosic sugarcane leaves and tops

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlie Marembu Dodo ◽  
Samphson Mamphweli ◽  
Omobola Okoh
Keyword(s):  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Enzyme Hydrolysis ◽  
Fermentable Sugars ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Dilute Acid ◽  
Dilute Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Biological Methods

Bioethanol production is one of the most promising possible substitutes for fossil-based fuels, but there is a need to make available cost-effective methods of production if it is to be successful. Various methods for the production of bioethanol using different feedstocks have been explored. Bioethanol synthesis from sugarcane, their tops and leaves have generally been regarded as waste and discarded. This investigation examined the use of lignocellulosic sugarcane leaves and tops as biomass and evaluated their hydrolysate content. The leaves and tops were hydrolysed using concentrated and dilute sulphuric acid and compared with a combination of oxidative alkali-peroxide pre-treatment with enzyme hydrolysis using the enzyme cellulysin® cellulase. Subsequent fermentation of the hydrolysates into bioethanol was done using the yeast saccharomyces cerevisae. The problem of acid hydrolysis to produce inhibitors was eliminated by overliming using calcium hydroxide and this treatment was subsequently compared with sodium hydroxide neutralisation. It was found that oxidative alkali pre-treatment with enzyme hydrolysis gave the highest yield of fermentable sugars of 38% (g/g) for 7% (v/v) peroxide pretreated biomass than 36% (g/g) for 5% (v/v) with the least inhibitors. Concentrated and dilute acid hydrolysis each gave yields of 25% (g/g) and 22% (g/g) respectively, although the acid required a neutralisation step, resulting in dilution. Alkaline neutralisation of acid hydrolysates using sodium hydroxide resulted in less dilution and loss of fermentable sugars, compared with overliming. Higher yields of bioethanol of 13.7 g/l were obtained from enzyme hydrolysates than the 6.9 g/l ethanol from dilute acid hydrolysates. There was more bioethanol yield of 13.7 g/l after 72 hours of fermentation with the yeast than the 7.0 g/l bioethanol after 24 hours.This research showed that it is possible to use sugarcane waste material to supplement biofuel requirements and that combining the chemical and biological methods of pretreatments can give higher yields at a faster rate.

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