scholarly journals Estimating solid wood properties using Pilodyn and acoustic velocity on standing trees of Norway spruce

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 499-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi-Qiang Chen ◽  
Bo Karlsson ◽  
Sven-Olof Lundqvist ◽  
María Rosario García Gil ◽  
Lars Olsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Solid Wood ◽  
Acoustic Velocity ◽  
Standing Trees

scholarly journals Influence of the Tree Decay Duration on Mechanical Stability of Norway Spruce Wood (Picea abies (L.) Karst.)

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 980
Author(s):  
Tomasz Jelonek ◽  
Katarzyna Klimek ◽  
Joanna Kopaczyk ◽  
Marek Wieruszewski ◽  
Magdalena Arasimowicz-Jelonek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Mature Tree ◽  
Spruce Bark ◽  
Spruce Wood ◽  
Standing Trees ◽  
Tree Decay

Wood properties have an influence on the safety around the tree itself as well as on actual possibilities of using wood. The article focuses on the wood properties of the Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) in reference to the time since the tree has decayed. The study was conducted among mature tree stands of spruce in Białowieża Forest, where over the last 10 years there has been a weakening of spruce tree stands due to water deficiency which has contributed to the gradation of the European spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus). The study focused on spruce wood of living and healthy specimens as well as the wood of standing trees which has decayed between one and five years before the sample was collected. The findings indicate a gradual decrease in wood properties as time passed since the physiological decay of the tree. Significant differences in the decrease of mechanical wood properties have been observed in trees which had been decayed for 3 years and they should be considered life and health hazard for people and animals.

scholarly journals Thinning Influences Wood Properties of Plantation-Grown Eucalyptus nitens at Three Sites in Tasmania

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1304
Author(s):  
Vilius Gendvilas ◽  
Geoffrey M. Downes ◽  
Mark Neyland ◽  
Mark Hunt ◽  
Peter A. Harrison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basic Density ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Solid Wood ◽  
Eucalyptus Nitens ◽  
Commercial Thinning ◽  
Standing Trees ◽  
Plantation Species ◽  
Key Indicators ◽  
Forestry Plantations ◽  
The Impact

Thinning of forestry plantations is a common silviculture practice to increase growth rates and to produce larger dimension logs. The wood properties, basic density and stiffness, are key indicators of the suitability of timber for particular purposes and ultimately determine timber value. The impact of thinning operations on wood properties is, therefore, of considerable interest to forest growers and timber producers. To date, studies examining the impact of thinning on wood properties have produced variable results and understanding of the consistency of the effects of thinning treatments across various sites for important plantation species is limited. Two non-destructive assessment techniques, drilling resistance and acoustic wave velocity, were used to examine the impact of thinning on basic density and stiffness in 19–21-year-old plantation grown Eucalyptus nitens across three sites. Commercial thinning to 300 trees ha−1 decreased the stiffness of standing trees and this effect was consistent across the sites. Reduction in stiffness due to thinning ranged from 3.5% to 11.5%. There was no difference in wood properties between commercially and non-commercially thinned trees to 300 trees ha−1 and no difference in wood properties when thinned to 500 trees ha−1. Basic density was not affected by thinning. The site had significant effects on both basic density and stiffness, which were lowest at the highest precipitation and highest elevation site. The results indicate that wood properties are influenced both by silviculture and site environmental differences. This knowledge can be used for the better management of E. nitens resources for solid wood production.

scholarly journals The effect of tree (and cambium) age on genomic prediction for solid wood properties in Norway spruce

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linghua Zhou ◽  
Zhiqiang Chen ◽  
Lars Olsson ◽  
Thomas Grahn ◽  
Bo Karlsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Genomic Prediction ◽  
Microfibril Angle ◽  
Predictive Ability ◽  
Tree Breeding ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Solid Wood ◽  
Breeding Cycle ◽  
Old Trees ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Genomic selection (GS) or genomic prediction is considered as a promising approach to accelerate tree breeding and increase genetic gain by shortening breeding cycle. We investigated the predictive ability (PA) of GS based on 484 progeny trees from 62 half-sib families in Norway spruce ( Picea abies (L.) Karst.) for wood density, modulus of elasticity (MOE) and microfibril angle (MFA) measured with SilviScan, as well as for measurements on standing trees by Pilodyn and Hitman instruments. GS predictive abilities (PA) were comparable with those based on pedigree-based selection. The highest PAs were reached with at least 80-90% of the dataset used as training set. Use of different statistical methods had no significant impact on the estimated PAs. We also compared the abilities to predict density, MFA and MOE of 19 year old trees with use of models trained on data from coring at different ages and to different depths into the stem. The comparison indicated that close to the maximal PAs can be reached at age 10-12 by drilling only half way (ringwise) towards the pith, thereby reducing the impact on the tree.

scholarly journals Effect of number of annual rings and tree ages on genomic predictive ability for solid wood properties of Norway spruce

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linghua Zhou ◽  
Zhiqiang Chen ◽  
Lars Olsson ◽  
Thomas Grahn ◽  
Bo Karlsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Microfibril Angle ◽  
Predictive Ability ◽  
Tree Breeding ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Solid Wood ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Breeding Cycle ◽  
Old Trees ◽  
The Impact

AbstractGenomic selection (GS) or genomic prediction is considered as a promising approach to accelerate tree breeding and increase genetic gain by shortening breeding cycle, but the efforts to develop routines for operational breeding are so far limited. We investigated the predictive ability (PA) of GS based on 484 progeny trees from 62 half-sib families in Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) for wood density, modulus of elasticity (MOE) and microfibril angle (MFA) measured with SilviScan, as well as for measurements on standing trees by Pilodyn and Hitman instruments. GS predictive abilities were comparable with those based on pedigree-based prediction. The highest PAs were reached with at least 80-90% of the dataset used as training set. Use of different statistical methods had no significant impact on the estimated PAs. We also compared the abilities to predict density, MFA and MOE of 19 year old trees with models trained on data from coring at different ages and to different depths into the stem. 78-95% of the maximal PAs obtained from coring to the pith at high age were reached by using data possible to obtain by drilling 3-5 rings towards the pith at tree age 10-12, thereby shortening the cycle and reducing the impact on the tree.

scholarly journals Genetic analysis of fiber dimensions and their correlation with stem diameter and solid-wood properties in Norway spruce

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi-Qiang Chen ◽  
Bo Karlsson ◽  
Tommy Mörling ◽  
Lars Olsson ◽  
Ewa J. Mellerowicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Solid Wood ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Fiber Dimensions

scholarly journals Potentials of the assessment of the wood quality in standing trees by applying acoustic methods

2020 ◽  
pp. 121-132
Author(s):  
Ivana Živanović ◽  
Nebojša Todorović ◽  
Ljubinko Rakonjac ◽  
Filip Jovanović
Keyword(s):  
Wood Density ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Acoustic Velocity ◽  
Wave Velocities ◽  
Acoustic Methods ◽  
Standing Trees ◽  
The Right ◽  
Evaluation Of Data

Based on literature sources, the stress wave and ultrasound methods and tools designed for the evaluation of the effects of decay on wood are discussed in this paper. To make a review of the results obtained in numerous studies, the analytic-synthetic method was used and the evaluation of data was conducted. The results revealed high correlations between the measured properties and the actual wood quality. A number of studies show that the acoustic wave velocities correlate well to wood density and other wood properties. Changes in the acoustic velocity and wood density variations caused by decay have also been detected successfully using the ultrasonic tools. This means that wood quality can be assessed in situ and that the methods and devices in question can help us make the right decisions. Still, it must be pointed out that all the methods and devices used are only measuring and quantifying tools, and practical human experience cannot be replaced by any measuring tools.

scholarly journals Effects of an innovative densification process on mechanical and physical properties of beech and Norway spruce veneers

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Cencin ◽  
Michela Zanetti ◽  
Tiziana Urso ◽  
Alan Crivellaro
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Water Solution ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Color Difference ◽  
Solid Wood ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Treatment Intensity

AbstractIncreased wood density is obtained by compressing the wood porous structure under suitable moisture and temperature conditions to improve its physical, mechanical and color properties. A recently proposed wood densification method based on partial removal of lignin and hemicellulose in hot water solution of sodium hydroxide and sodium sulphite has shown promising results on solid wood. However, its applicability and effect on thin wood veneers have not been tested yet. In this study, the timing of the method has been adapted to estimate the densification treatment intensity dependence of wood properties (wood density and modulus of elasticity) and color change of softwood (Norway spruce) and hardwood (beech) veneers. Compared to control, density and rigidity increased, with improved wood properties peaking after only 90 s of treatment intensity. Furthermore, the color became darker after treatment compared to control, with no significant color difference between treatment intensities. In conclusion, densification of veneers, according to the presented adapted method, provides a significant improvement of veneers physical and mechanical properties, and produces color changes perceptible by the human eye. Our results can be further implemented and adapted to application in industrial plants, calling for new application of densified veneers.

Genetic relationships between wood quality traits and diameter growth of juvenile core wood in Sitka spruce

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.G. Kennedy ◽  
A.D. Cameron ◽  
S.J. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Sitka Spruce ◽  
Acoustic Velocity ◽  
Picea Sitchensis ◽  
Good Growth

The trend towards shorter rotations in planted conifer stands has resulted in a reduction in the proportion of mature wood relative to juvenile core wood, raising concerns that the mechanical performance of sawn battens will be affected. The potential to improve the wood quality of the juvenile core of Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carrière) without compromising growth rate was investigated. Rapid and inexpensive indirect methods of assessing wood properties on standing trees using a Pilodyn gun and acoustic velocity were compared with direct measurements made on wood samples cut from the juvenile core. Strong genetic correlations were observed between Pilodyn gun values and direct measures of density (–0.76) and between the square of acoustic velocity and modulus of elasticity (0.73). The genetic correlation between the square of acoustic velocity and microfibril angle was also strong (–0.84). These results suggest that indirect assessments of wood properties within juvenile core wood are sufficiently reliable for these techniques to be used in the Sitka spruce breeding programme. Although a strong negative genetic correlation between diameter at breast height and density was noted (–0.79), sufficient variation exists within the breeding population to select families with both good growth rate and high modulus of elasticity wood.

Grade yields and wood properties of Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] from the Maritimes

1995 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-478
Author(s):  
Y. H. Chui
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Bending Properties ◽  
Clear Wood ◽  
Comparative Information ◽  
Grade Yield

Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] is one of the major non-native softwood species in the Maritimes. A project was undertaken to evaluate the grade yields and mechanical properties of Norway spruce. The project also provided comparative information on the wood quality of two Norway spruce provenances from Germany and Poland. Four plantations were selected for the study with two of these plantations containing trees of known provenances. One plantation was mature and the other three were juvenile. In total, 530 pieces of lumber and the same number of matched small clear specimens were tested for bending properties. Prior to testing, the lumber was visually graded according to both British and Canadian specifications. Quality of lumber varied significantly between sites. Lumber from the Polish provenance had slightly better mechanical properties than that from trees of the German provenance. Compared with published information, the plantation-grown Norway spruce had lower clear wood bending properties and specific gravity than primary eastern Canadian spruce species and balsam fir, and natural Norway spruce grown in Europe. Key words: Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.], wood quality, bending properties, grade yield

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