Grade yields and wood properties of Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] from the Maritimes

1995 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-478
Author(s):  
Y. H. Chui
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Bending Properties ◽  
Clear Wood ◽  
Comparative Information ◽  
Grade Yield

Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] is one of the major non-native softwood species in the Maritimes. A project was undertaken to evaluate the grade yields and mechanical properties of Norway spruce. The project also provided comparative information on the wood quality of two Norway spruce provenances from Germany and Poland. Four plantations were selected for the study with two of these plantations containing trees of known provenances. One plantation was mature and the other three were juvenile. In total, 530 pieces of lumber and the same number of matched small clear specimens were tested for bending properties. Prior to testing, the lumber was visually graded according to both British and Canadian specifications. Quality of lumber varied significantly between sites. Lumber from the Polish provenance had slightly better mechanical properties than that from trees of the German provenance. Compared with published information, the plantation-grown Norway spruce had lower clear wood bending properties and specific gravity than primary eastern Canadian spruce species and balsam fir, and natural Norway spruce grown in Europe. Key words: Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.], wood quality, bending properties, grade yield

The Effect of Industrial Emission on Wood Quality in Norway Spruce (Picea Abies)

IAWA Journal ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Evertsen ◽  
M. P. Mac Siurtain ◽  
J. J. Gardiner
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Industrial Emission ◽  
Preliminary Study

In this preliminary study, the influence of industrial emission on the wood quality of Norway spruce was evaluated. Intrinsie wood quality determining properties: ring width (RW), mean annual density, percentage annual 1atewood and the product of (RW × (maximumminimum density)) appear to be affected by the emissions of a fertiliser factory adjoining the stands studied. Fluctuations in the performance of these intrinsic wood properties coincide with the start of production by the factory and a change in the manufacturing process.

scholarly journals The Profitability of Cross-Cutting Practices in Butt-Rotten Picea abies Final-Felling Stands

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 874 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kärhä ◽  
Räsänen ◽  
Palander
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Processing Time ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Heterobasidion Annosum ◽  
Time And Motion ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Motion Studies ◽  
The Impact

Research Highlights: This study offers new information on the cross cutting of decayed stems with the sounding of short (0.5 m) offcuts and the bucking of longer (3.0 m) butt-rotten poles. Background and Objectives: The root and butt-rot fungus Heterobasidion annosum sensu lato (Fr.) Bref. causes wood quality damage to trees in softwood forests. When timber is harvested in butt-rotten forests, it is essential that the decayed part of the tree is recognized and cut away from a stem, while the healthy and good quality log section of a stem is cross cut with precision sawlogs. The objective of the study was to investigate the impact of two off-cutting methods on stem processing time, cutting productivity, sawlog volume, and commercial value at the roadside landing when harvesting timber from the butt-rotten Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) final-felling forests. Materials and Methods: The length of the short offcuts used was 0.5 m. The results of the cross-cutting practices were compared to the decayed pulpwood poles of 3 m from the butt of the rotten stems. Time and motion studies were carried out in stands before the profitability calculations. The study data consisted of 1980 Norway spruce sawlog stems. Results: Sounding of the short offcuts added significantly to the stem processing time of butt-rotten stems, but the sawlog volume and the timber value recovery of the stems were higher than those of the decayed pulpwood poles of 3 m. Conclusions: The study concluded that sounding of butt-rotten Norway spruce stems with one to three offcuts is economically profitable if the diameter of the decayed column at the stem stump’s height is small (≤5 cm). In contrast, when the width of the decay is larger (>5 cm), it is more profitable to first cross cut the decayed pulpwood pole of 3 m and then to observe the height of the decayed part of the stem.

Effect of abnormal fibres on the mechanical properties of paper made from Norway spruce, Picea abies (L.) Karst.

Holzforschung ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasko Terziev ◽  
Geoffrey Daniel ◽  
Ann Marklund
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Compression Wood ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Mechanical Processing ◽  
Opposite Wood ◽  
Tear Index ◽  
Control Samples

Abstract The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of a variety of abnormal fibres on the mechanical properties of paper made from Norway spruce, Picea abies (L.) Karst. Fibres representing abnormality were obtained from trees treated by irrigation and fertilisation. Moreover, fibres from compression wood and its accompanying opposite wood were isolated. The effect of dislocations on paper quality was studied on four mixtures (20, 40, 60 and 80% fibres with induced dislocations) of untreated/compressed fibres. Two more groups consisting of control untreated samples and samples with 100%-induced dislocations were also included in the test. The mechanical properties of the paper were tested and the results were compared to those of control samples. Abnormal fibres reduced the desired mechanical properties of the final paper concerning tensile strength, modulus of elasticity and tear-tensile index. Irrespective of the type of treatment, all morphological changes introduced in fibre cell walls appear to directly affect changes in the mechanical properties of the paper. Control samples had a tear index of 25 compared to 10 mN m2 g-1 of samples containing 100% dislocations. It is obvious that 20% of dislocations, an amount that is expected to be induced in pulp under mechanical processing and transport, will contribute to a decrease in tear index with an average of 3 mN m2 g-1, i.e., 10% of the total value.

scholarly journals Identification of Molecular Markers for Selected Wood Properties of Norway Spruce Picea abies L. (Karst.) I. Wood Density

2004 ◽  
Vol 53 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 45-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Markussen ◽  
A. Tusch ◽  
B. R. Stephan ◽  
M. Fladung
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Scar Markers ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Monomorphic Band ◽  
Subsequent Conversion ◽  
Sib Families ◽  
First Time

AbstractThe identification of AFLP markers and their subsequent conversion to SCAR-markers linked to wood density of Norway Spruce (Picea abies L [Karst.]) is described for the first time. In AFLP-analyses, 102 different primer enzyme combinations were screened in a bulked segregant approach comparing individuals with high and low wood density. A total of 107 polymorphic AFLP fragments were obtained between the DNA-pools. Twenty-three markers were selected for further analyses to verify their linkage to wood density based on individuals used for pool constitution and additional unrelated clonal material. For 15 markers, a significant linkage to wood density was confirmed by a two-sided Fisher’s-exact test. Four markers were converted into SCAR markers and validated for plant material assayed for wood density by X-ray microdensitometry. For each marker a monomorphic band was obtained using sets of nested primers or restriction site-specific primers (RSS), which include the AFLP-restriction recognition sites. For two markers that are linked to high wood density, a separation from unlinked size homologous marker-alleles was realized by a PCR-restriction approach. Validation of these markers in different full-sib families confirmed their usability to separate the classes for low and high wood density of Picea abies.

Comparison of growth and wood quality of Norway spruce and European larch: effect of previous land use

2020 ◽  
Vol 139 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-472
Author(s):  
Jan Cukor ◽  
Aleš Zeidler ◽  
Zdeněk Vacek ◽  
Stanislav Vacek ◽  
Václav Šimůnek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
European Larch

Eigenschaften und Einsatz von Nadelstarkholz | Characteristics and use of large diameter fir and spruce wood

2006 ◽  
Vol 157 (12) ◽  
pp. 530-538
Author(s):  
Gero Becker ◽  
Gerald Bender ◽  
Michael Leenen ◽  
Udo Hans Sauter
Keyword(s):  
Wood Quality ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Spruce Wood ◽  
Round Wood ◽  
Medium Quality ◽  
Quality Grading ◽  
Insufficient Knowledge ◽  
Medium Diameter

The forestry goal of producing large diameter wood seems contradictory to the sawmill industries goal of small to medium diameter wood. Amongst other things, the insufficient knowledge of wood properties of large diameter wood has led to examinations to finding a better way to evaluate wood quality. Based on outer characteristics the quality of fir and spruce round wood has been described and interpretated. At lower parts of the stems a wide variation of inner quality was remarked during the processing of large diameter softwood. Most of the wood is of medium quality; the lowest part of the stems, especially for spruce, was often found to have been damaged by rot caused by logging. Fir and spruce timber have a similar result in quality grading. In conclusion, it must be said that a successful judgement of timber quality based on outer characteristics of the stems is only partially possible.

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