scholarly journals Thinning Influences Wood Properties of Plantation-Grown Eucalyptus nitens at Three Sites in Tasmania

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1304
Author(s):  
Vilius Gendvilas ◽  
Geoffrey M. Downes ◽  
Mark Neyland ◽  
Mark Hunt ◽  
Peter A. Harrison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basic Density ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Solid Wood ◽  
Eucalyptus Nitens ◽  
Commercial Thinning ◽  
Standing Trees ◽  
Plantation Species ◽  
Key Indicators ◽  
Forestry Plantations ◽  
The Impact

Thinning of forestry plantations is a common silviculture practice to increase growth rates and to produce larger dimension logs. The wood properties, basic density and stiffness, are key indicators of the suitability of timber for particular purposes and ultimately determine timber value. The impact of thinning operations on wood properties is, therefore, of considerable interest to forest growers and timber producers. To date, studies examining the impact of thinning on wood properties have produced variable results and understanding of the consistency of the effects of thinning treatments across various sites for important plantation species is limited. Two non-destructive assessment techniques, drilling resistance and acoustic wave velocity, were used to examine the impact of thinning on basic density and stiffness in 19–21-year-old plantation grown Eucalyptus nitens across three sites. Commercial thinning to 300 trees ha−1 decreased the stiffness of standing trees and this effect was consistent across the sites. Reduction in stiffness due to thinning ranged from 3.5% to 11.5%. There was no difference in wood properties between commercially and non-commercially thinned trees to 300 trees ha−1 and no difference in wood properties when thinned to 500 trees ha−1. Basic density was not affected by thinning. The site had significant effects on both basic density and stiffness, which were lowest at the highest precipitation and highest elevation site. The results indicate that wood properties are influenced both by silviculture and site environmental differences. This knowledge can be used for the better management of E. nitens resources for solid wood production.

Genetic improvement for pulpwood and peeled veneer in Eucalyptus nitens

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (9) ◽  
pp. 1724-1732 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Blackburn ◽  
Ross Farrell ◽  
Matthew Hamilton ◽  
Peter Volker ◽  
Chris Harwood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
General Interest ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Standing Tree ◽  
Eucalyptus Nitens ◽  
Stem Straightness ◽  
Veneer Sheet

Genetic improvement of wood properties affecting the quality of pulpwood and peeled veneer products is of general interest to tree breeders worldwide. If the wood properties of Eucalyptus nitens (H. Deane & Maiden) Maiden are under genetic control and the correlations between them are favourable, it may be possible to breed to simultaneously improve the plantation resource for both products. Acoustic wave velocity (AWV) measured in standing trees can predict wood stiffness, basic density, and kraft pulp yield (KPY) and therefore has the potential for use in tree breeding programs. From an E. nitens progeny trial in Tasmania, 540 trees were selected for rotary peeling. Of the wood properties assessed, there were significant differences among races in diameter, stem straightness, standing-tree, log, and billet AWV, and near infrared predicted cellulose content (CC). All traits displayed significant within-race genetic variation, and genetic correlations between AWV and veneer sheet modulus of elasticity (MOE) and between AWV and KPY and CC were strongly positive and highly significant. A similar relationship was found between veneer sheet MOE and KPY and between diameter at breast height and veneer sheet MOE. Basic density was genetically correlated with AWV and veneer sheet MOE. Results indicate that it should be possible for breeders to simultaneously improve properties in pulpwood and peeled veneer products and that AWV measured in the standing tree shows promise as a breeding selection criterion for both pulpwood and peeled veneer products.

scholarly journals Estimating solid wood properties using Pilodyn and acoustic velocity on standing trees of Norway spruce

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 499-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi-Qiang Chen ◽  
Bo Karlsson ◽  
Sven-Olof Lundqvist ◽  
María Rosario García Gil ◽  
Lars Olsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Solid Wood ◽  
Acoustic Velocity ◽  
Standing Trees

Inheritance of basic density and microfibril angle and their variations among full-sib families and their parental clones in Picea glehnii

Holzforschung ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 581-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Tanabe ◽  
Akira Tamura ◽  
Futoshi Ishiguri ◽  
Yuya Takashima ◽  
Kazuya Iizuka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microfibril Angle ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Tree Breeding ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Picea Glehnii ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Tree Breeding Program ◽  
Plantation Species ◽  
Sib Families

Abstract Picea glehnii is one of the most important plantation species in Hokkaido, Japan. Basic density (BD) and microfibril angle (MFA) of the S2 layer in latewood tracheid in 16 full-sib families and their six parental clones planted in Hokkaido were examined to clarify among-family and clonal variations of wood properties and their inheritance from parents to offspring. Mean values of BD and MFA in full-sib families and parental clones were 0.36 and 0.35 g cm-3 and 16.1° and 10.7°, respectively. Estimated repeatabilities of BD and MFA in juvenile wood (jW) were higher than those in mature wood. In addition, larger genetic coefficient of variation was detected for jW, indicating that improvement of jW properties is important to Hokkaido’s tree breeding program. Parent-offspring correlation coefficients were positive and significant in all properties. These results suggest that the influence of parental clones on wood properties is inheritable to offspring. Moreover, there were no significant differences between reciprocal crosses of wood properties, suggesting that plus-tree clones with good wood properties can be used as either female or male parents for producing offspring. There is a possibility of improving wood properties in P. glehnii by crossing clones with desirable properties.

scholarly journals The effect of tree (and cambium) age on genomic prediction for solid wood properties in Norway spruce

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linghua Zhou ◽  
Zhiqiang Chen ◽  
Lars Olsson ◽  
Thomas Grahn ◽  
Bo Karlsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Genomic Prediction ◽  
Microfibril Angle ◽  
Predictive Ability ◽  
Tree Breeding ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Solid Wood ◽  
Breeding Cycle ◽  
Old Trees ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Genomic selection (GS) or genomic prediction is considered as a promising approach to accelerate tree breeding and increase genetic gain by shortening breeding cycle. We investigated the predictive ability (PA) of GS based on 484 progeny trees from 62 half-sib families in Norway spruce ( Picea abies (L.) Karst.) for wood density, modulus of elasticity (MOE) and microfibril angle (MFA) measured with SilviScan, as well as for measurements on standing trees by Pilodyn and Hitman instruments. GS predictive abilities (PA) were comparable with those based on pedigree-based selection. The highest PAs were reached with at least 80-90% of the dataset used as training set. Use of different statistical methods had no significant impact on the estimated PAs. We also compared the abilities to predict density, MFA and MOE of 19 year old trees with use of models trained on data from coring at different ages and to different depths into the stem. The comparison indicated that close to the maximal PAs can be reached at age 10-12 by drilling only half way (ringwise) towards the pith, thereby reducing the impact on the tree.

scholarly journals Effect of number of annual rings and tree ages on genomic predictive ability for solid wood properties of Norway spruce

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linghua Zhou ◽  
Zhiqiang Chen ◽  
Lars Olsson ◽  
Thomas Grahn ◽  
Bo Karlsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Microfibril Angle ◽  
Predictive Ability ◽  
Tree Breeding ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Solid Wood ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Breeding Cycle ◽  
Old Trees ◽  
The Impact

AbstractGenomic selection (GS) or genomic prediction is considered as a promising approach to accelerate tree breeding and increase genetic gain by shortening breeding cycle, but the efforts to develop routines for operational breeding are so far limited. We investigated the predictive ability (PA) of GS based on 484 progeny trees from 62 half-sib families in Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) for wood density, modulus of elasticity (MOE) and microfibril angle (MFA) measured with SilviScan, as well as for measurements on standing trees by Pilodyn and Hitman instruments. GS predictive abilities were comparable with those based on pedigree-based prediction. The highest PAs were reached with at least 80-90% of the dataset used as training set. Use of different statistical methods had no significant impact on the estimated PAs. We also compared the abilities to predict density, MFA and MOE of 19 year old trees with models trained on data from coring at different ages and to different depths into the stem. 78-95% of the maximal PAs obtained from coring to the pith at high age were reached by using data possible to obtain by drilling 3-5 rings towards the pith at tree age 10-12, thereby shortening the cycle and reducing the impact on the tree.

scholarly journals Genetic variation of microfibril angle and its relationship with solid wood and pulpwood traits in two progeny trials of Eucalyptus nitens in Tasmania

Holzforschung ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel F. Rocha-Sepúlveda ◽  
Dean Williams ◽  
Mario Vega ◽  
Peter A. Harrison ◽  
René E. Vaillancourt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Microfibril Angle ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Genotype By Environment Interaction ◽  
Solid Wood ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Pulp Yield ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Eucalyptus Nitens ◽  
Genotype By Environment

Abstract Microfibril angle (MFA) is a key biological trait contributing to wood stiffness, which is a common breeding objective for solid wood products in many tree species. To explore its genetic architecture, area-weighted MFA was measured in two Eucalyptus nitens progeny trials in Tasmania, Australia, with common open-pollinated families. Radial strips were extracted from 823 trees in 131 families and MFA assessed using SilviScan-2®. Heritability, genotype-by-environment interaction and inter-trait genetic correlations were evaluated to examine the genetic variability and stability of MFA and its relationships with other solid wood and pulpwood selection traits. Significant family variation was found for MFA in both trials. There was no significant genotype-by-environment interaction and the across-site narrow-sense heritability was 0.27. MFA was genetically independent of basic density, growth, and tree form. However, MFA was strongly and favourable genetically correlated to acoustic wave velocity in standing trees, modulus of elasticity and kraft pulp yield (KPY). The present study has shown that genetic improvement of E. nitens for pulpwood selection traits is unlikely to have adversely affected MFA, and thus timber stiffness. Rather these results suggest the possibility that selection for increased KPY may have indirectly improved MFA favourably for solid wood products.

scholarly journals Repeatability of growth characteristics and wood properties for solid wood production from Eucalyptus camaldulensis half-sib families growing in Thailand

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ikumi Nezu ◽  
Futoshi Ishiguri ◽  
Haruna Aiso ◽  
Sapit Diloksumpun ◽  
Jyunichi Ohshima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basic Density ◽  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Solid Wood ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Wood Production ◽  
Annual Increment ◽  
Wood Volume ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Sib Families

AbstractTo promote solid wood production, the diameter at breast height, height, stress-wave velocity, surface-released strain, basic density and compressive strength parallel to the grain were measured for 10 half-sib families of 12-year-old Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. trees growing in Thailand. Based on the results, growth rates, correlations among measured properties, radial and among-family variations of wood properties, and their repeatability were evaluated. Diameter at breast height, height, and wood volume were exponentially increased at initial stage, and then gradually increased toward to 12 years after planting. The maximum current annual increment and mean annual increment in wood volume showed at age of 8 and 11years old, suggesting that rotation period for optimum productivity may be ranged from 8 to 11 years old. Wood with stable properties was found greater than 6 cm from the pith. These results indicate that 12-year-old E. camaldulensis trees had already reached the maturation stage. No significant correlations were found between growth characteristics and wood properties. Significant variances in the height, stress-wave velocity, and basic density were found among the 10 families. The F-values and repeatability of the wood properties in the outer wood were higher than those in the inner wood. These results indicate that the properties of the outer wood are closely related to genetic factors. Thus, to obtain superior E. camaldulensis trees for solid wood production, the family selection should be conducted using the outer wood of aged trees.

Predicting selected wood properties of jack pine following commercial thinning

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 2030-2043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Schneider ◽  
S. Y. Zhang ◽  
D. Edwin Swift ◽  
Jean Bégin ◽  
Jean-Martin Lussier
Keyword(s):  
Wood Density ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Ring Density ◽  
Commercial Thinning ◽  
Cambial Age ◽  
The Impact

This paper examined the impact of commercial thinning on selected wood properties of jack pine ( Pinus banksiana Lamb.). Wood properties evaluated include wood density (ring density, earlywood ring density, and latewood ring density), percentage of latewood in the ring, and wood bending properties. Nonlinear, mixed-effect models have been developed using data from three commercially thinned sites in eastern Canada. Ring density followed the same pattern as percentage of latewood, in which cambial age, relative height, and ring width were found to have important effects. Earlywood and latewood ring densities changed within the juvenile wood zone until a plateau was reached. Ring width affected earlywood and latewood ring densities mainly in narrow rings. Wood bending stiffness (measured by modulus of elasticity) and strength (measured by modulus of rupture) increased with cambial age and wood density; whereas, wood strength was also affected by ring width. Commercial thinning did not influence the developed models, but it had an indirect effect through increased ring width.

scholarly journals Physico-mechanical properties of thermally modified Eucalyptus nitens wood for decking applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maximilian Wentzel ◽  
Óscar González-Prieto ◽  
Christian Brischke ◽  
Holger Militz
Keyword(s):  
Brinell Hardness ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Solid Wood ◽  
Thermal Modification ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Eucalyptus Nitens ◽  
Plantation Species ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Quality Material

Eucalyptus nitens is a fast growing plantation species that has a good acclimation in Spain and Chile. At the moment it is mainly used for pulp and paper production, but there is a growing market for solid wood products made from this species. Thermal modification offers a good alternative to produce high quality material to manufacture products with high added value. This study used unmodified and thermally modified E. nitens wood from Spanish and Chilean plantations to elaborate external decking and examine if it complies with the necessary properties to be a competitive product. A process similar to ThermoWood® was applied at the following temperatures: 185 °C, 200 °C and 215 °C. For each modification and for an unmodified specimen mass loss, volumetric swelling, anti-swelling efficiency (ASE) and equilibrium moisture content (EMC) were determined. Brinell hardness, dynamic hardness, screw and nail withdrawal resistance, and abrasion resistance according to the Shaker method and the Taber Abraser method were also determined. According to this study, thermally modified E. nitens from both countries showed high potential to be used as decking material, particularly when modified at 200 °C.

scholarly journals Bonding of Selected Hardwoods with PVAc Adhesive

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Ján Iždinský ◽  
Ladislav Reinprecht ◽  
Ján Sedliačik ◽  
Jozef Kúdela ◽  
Viera Kučerová
Keyword(s):  
Adhesion Strength ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Solid Wood ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Positive Tendency ◽  
The Impact

The bonding of wood with assembly adhesives is crucial for manufacturing wood composites, such as solid wood panels, glulam, furniture parts, and sport and musical instruments. This work investigates 13 hardwoods—bangkirai, beech, black locust, bubinga, ipé, iroko, maçaranduba, meranti, oak, palisander, sapelli, wengé and zebrano—and analyzes the impact of their selected structural and physical characteristics (e.g., the density, cold water extract, pH value, roughness, and wettability) on the adhesion strength with the polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) adhesive Multibond SK8. The adhesion strength of the bonded hardwoods, determined by the standard EN 205, ranged in the dry state from 9.5 MPa to 17.2 MPa, from 0.6 MPa to 2.6 MPa in the wet state, and from 8.5 MPa to 19.2 MPa in the reconditioned state. The adhesion strength in the dry state of the bonded hardwoods was not influenced by their cold water extracts, pH values, or roughness parallel with the grain. On the contrary, the adhesion strength was significantly with positive tendency influenced by their higher densities, lower roughness parameters perpendicular to the grain, and lower water contact angles.

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