scholarly journals Disaster Risk Management Through the DesignSafe Cyberinfrastructure

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 719-734
Author(s):  
Jean-Paul Pinelli ◽  
Maria Esteva ◽  
Ellen M. Rathje ◽  
David Roueche ◽  
Scott J. Brandenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Natural Hazards ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Community Outreach ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Soil Liquefaction ◽  
Disaster Risk Management ◽  
Risk Modeling ◽  
Regional Risk Assessment ◽  
The Impact

AbstractDesignSafe addresses the challenges of supporting integrative data-driven research in natural hazards engineering. It is an end-to-end data management, communications, and analysis platform where users collect, generate, analyze, curate, and publish large data sets from a variety of sources, including experiments, simulations, field research, and post-disaster reconnaissance. DesignSafe achieves key objectives through: (1) integration with high performance and cloud-computing resources to support the computational needs of the regional risk assessment community; (2) the possibility to curate and publish diverse data structures emphasizing relationships and understandability; and (3) facilitation of real time communications during natural hazards events and disasters for data and information sharing. The resultant services and tools shorten data cycles for resiliency evaluation, risk modeling validation, and forensic studies. This article illustrates salient features of the cyberinfrastructure. It summarizes its design principles, architecture, and functionalities. The focus is on case studies to show the impact of DesignSafe on the disaster risk community. The Next Generation Liquefaction project collects and standardizes case histories of earthquake-induced soil liquefaction into a relational database—DesignSafe—to permit users to interact with the data. Researchers can correlate in DesignSafe building dynamic characteristics based on data from building sensors, with observed damage based on ground motion measurements. Reconnaissance groups upload, curate, and publish wind, seismic, and coastal damage data they gather during field reconnaissance missions, so these datasets are available shortly after a disaster. As a part of the education and community outreach efforts of DesignSafe, training materials and collaboration space are also offered to the disaster risk management community.

Natural Hazards Governance in Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bevaola Kusumasari
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Disaster Management ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Natural Hazard ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Disaster Risk Management ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Active Tectonic

Geographically, Indonesia is located in southeast Asia between the Indian and the Pacific Oceans. It is recognized as an active tectonic region because it consists of three major active tectonic plates: the Eurasian plate in the north, the Indo-Australian plate in the south, and the Pacific plate in the east. The southern and eastern parts of the country feature a volcanic arc stretching from the islands of Sumatra, Java, Nusa Tenggara, and Sulawesi, while the remainder of the region comprises old volcanic mountains and lowlands partly dominated by marshes. Territorially, it is located in a tropical climate area, with its two seasons—wet and dry—exhibiting characteristic weather changes, such as with regard to temperature and wind direction, that can be quite extreme. These climatic conditions combine with the region’s relatively diverse surface and rock topographies to provide fertile soil conditions. Conversely, the same conditions can lead to negative outcomes for this densely populated country, in particular, the occurrence of hydrometeorological disasters such as floods, landslides, forest fires, and drought. The 2017 World Risk Report’s ranking of countries’ relative vulnerability and exposure to natural hazards such as earthquakes, storms, floods, droughts, and sea-level rise calculated Indonesia to be the 33rd most at-risk country. Between 1815 and 2018, 23,250 natural hazards occurred here; 302,849 people died or were otherwise lost, 371,059 were injured, and there were 39,514,636 displaced persons, as well as billions of rupiah in losses. The most frequent type of natural hazard has been floods (8,919 instances), followed by cyclones (5,984), and then landslides (4,947). Following these latest disasters and acknowledging that Indonesia is becoming increasingly vulnerable to such natural hazards, the country’s government established a comprehensive disaster management system. Specifically, it instituted an organization capable of and responsible for handling such a wide-reaching and complex situation as a natural hazard. A coordinated national body had first been developed in 1966, but the current discourse concerning proactive disaster risk management at national and local levels has encouraged the central government to adapt this organization toward becoming more accountable to and involving the participation of local communities. Law No. 24/2007 of the Republic of Indonesia Concerning Disaster Management, issued on April 26, 2007, established a new National Disaster Management Agency (BNPB), but it also focusses on community-based disaster risk management pre- and post-disaster. Through the BNPB and by executing legislative reform to implement recommendations from the international disaster response laws, Indonesia has become a global leader in legal preparedness for natural hazards and the reduction of human vulnerability.

AWARENESS AS AN ADAPTATION STRATEGY FOR REDUCING MORTALITY FROM HEAT WAVES: EVIDENCE FROM A DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT PROGRAM IN INDIA

2012 ◽  
Vol 03 (02) ◽  
pp. 1250010 ◽  
Author(s):  
SAUDAMINI DAS ◽  
STEPHEN C. SMITH
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Heat Wave ◽  
Program Effectiveness ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Heat Stroke ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Disaster Risk Management ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
The Impact

Heat waves, defined as an interval of abnormally hot and humid weather, have become a prominent killer in recent years. With heat waves worsening with climate change, adaptation is essential; one strategy has been to issue heat wave warnings and undertake awareness campaigns to bring about behavioral changes to reduce heat stroke. Since 2002, the Indian state of Odisha has been undertaking a grassroots awareness campaign on "dos and don'ts" during heat wave conditions through the disaster risk management (DRM) program. The selection criteria for DRM districts were earthquake, flood and cyclone incidence; but subsequently, heat wave awareness also received intensive attention in these districts. We present quasi-experimental evidence on the impact of the program, taking DRM districts and periods as treatment units and the rest as controls, analyzing the impact on the death toll from heat stroke for the 1998 to 2010 period, using difference-in-difference (DID) regressions with a district level panel data set and a set of control variables. We find indications of program effectiveness with initial DID specifications, but results are not always robust. We then take into account a statewide heat wave advertising program, to which the poor have limited exposure but which may also provide spillover benefits, using a triple differencing approach; results suggest the heat wave awareness programs may have complementary impacts. We examine research strategies for further improvement in the precision of impact evaluation results for innovative programs of this type.

scholarly journals When Disaster Risk Management Systems Fail: The Case of Cyclone Idai in Chimanimani District, Zimbabwe

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edson Munsaka ◽  
Chipo Mudavanhu ◽  
Lucy Sakala ◽  
Pepukai Manjeru ◽  
Diego Matsvange
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Mixed Method ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Disaster Risk Management ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Risk Governance ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Method Approach

AbstractOn 14 March 2019, Zimbabwe was hit by Cyclone Idai, leaving immeasurable destruction of unprecedented magnitude in its wake. In Chimanimani District, many lives were lost, many people were reported missing, and others were displaced. The question that immediately comes to mind is: Was the country prepared to manage the Cyclone Idai disaster? Reflecting on the community experiences, the purpose of this research was to interrogate the strength of the disaster risk reduction legislation and institutions in Zimbabwe in the face of meteorological hazards. The research also evaluated the extent of the impact Cyclone Idai had on the Chimanimani communities and the factors that increased the vulnerability to the cyclone. A mixed method approach that involved 1180 participants was used. The study found that disaster risk management legislation and institutions in Zimbabwe are weak. Cyclone Idai resulted in the loss of many human lives, loss of livelihoods, and massive damage to infrastructure. The cyclone exposed capacity and policy gaps in Zimbabwe’s disaster risk management system. The study makes a number of recommendations, including strengthening disaster legislation and policy, and disaster risk governance. Given the communities’ response to the disaster occurrence, the study also recommends strengthening social capital.

scholarly journals Space-Based Earth Observations for Disaster Risk Management

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 1209-1235 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Le Cozannet ◽  
M. Kervyn ◽  
S. Russo ◽  
C. Ifejika Speranza ◽  
P. Ferrier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Crisis Management ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Disaster Risk Management ◽  
Earth Observations ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Societal Benefits ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Management Cycle ◽  
Disaster Management Cycle

Abstract As space-based Earth observations are delivering a growing amount and variety of data, the potential of this information to better support disaster risk management is coming into increased scrutiny. Disaster risk management actions are commonly divided into the different steps of the disaster management cycle, which include: prevention, to minimize future losses; preparedness and crisis management, often focused on saving lives; and post-crisis management aiming at re-establishing services supporting human activities. Based on a literature review and examples of studies in the area of coastal, hydro-meteorological and geohazards, this review examines how space-based Earth observations have addressed the needs for information in the area of disaster risk management so far. We show that efforts have essentially focused on hazard assessments or supporting crisis management, whereas a number of needs still remain partly fulfilled for vulnerability and exposure mapping, as well as adaptation planning. A promising way forward to maximize the impact of Earth observations includes multi-risk approaches, which mutualize the collection of time-evolving vulnerability and exposure data across different hazards. Opportunities exist as programmes such as the Copernicus Sentinels are now delivering Earth observations of an unprecedented quality, quantity and repetitiveness, as well as initiatives from the disaster risk science communities such as the development of observatories. We argue that, as a complement to this, more systematic efforts to (1) build capacity and (2) evaluate where space-based Earth observations can support disaster risk management would be useful to maximize its societal benefits.

scholarly journals Evaluating earthquake disaster risk management in schools in Rungwe Volcanic Province in Tanzania

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Evaristo Haulle
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Coping Mechanisms ◽  
Disaster Risk Management ◽  
Volcanic Province ◽  
Earthquake Disaster ◽  
Vulnerability Assessments ◽  
People’S Attitudes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
School Curricula

This article establishes existing knowledge on earthquakes and coping mechanisms employed in reducing the severity of adverse impacts caused by an earthquake disaster in a specific locality. The purpose of the study was to recommend useful measures for disaster risk management. It also more particularly aimed at assessing mechanisms employed in reducing the disaster risk and integrating knowledge of disasters and hazards in primary and secondary school curricula. The study was carried out in Rungwe Volcanic Province in Rungwe District, Tanzania, and included recording people’s attitudes towards earthquake disaster and locations of schools. It employed focus group discussions, public hearings and interviews in order to capture the actual situation relating to risk and vulnerability assessments by the community. The study revealed high levels of risk and vulnerability to the impact of earthquakes on the part of the community, who accepted earthquakes as a normal phenomenon and therefore did not employ special measures to reduce the impact. The study showed that the community’s coping mechanisms and the extent to which disaster management knowledge has been integrated in school curricula are inadequate in addressing earthquake disasters. It is thus recommended that traditional and modern technologies be integrated in curricula and later in sustainable practices; such technologies include the belief in ‘Nyifwila’, traditional housing style and wooden housing, and non-structural planning for disaster risk management.

scholarly journals The Communities Understandings on the Roles of Government in Mitigating Trans boundary Haze Pollution in Sarawak Malaysia

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahi Sarok ◽  
Mohd Nashriq Bin Nizam
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Management Training ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Disaster Risk Management ◽  
Haze Pollution ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Collection Methods

This study examines the communities understandings on the disaster risk management, government actions in  the legislation and enforcement and the role of ASEAN’s in dealing with trans boundary haze pollution  in the Sri Aman, Sarawak. Data collection methods was based on the interview schedule. The analysis was constructed on one hundred (100) respondents. A five-point Likert Scale is used which consist of five main constructs that us related to the objectives of the study namely, the community’s understanding of the haze issue, the awareness of the Disaster Risk Management on haze, government’s action in addressing the haze issue, ASEAN’s role in dealing with trans boundary haze pollution and the impact of haze on community’s livelihood. The study’s result shows that community in Sri Aman are generally agree with understanding on the haze issue with the mean of 4.39 and standard deviation of 0.81. Besides, the community are also aware on the Disaster Risk Management towards haze with the respondent’s feedback that shows that almost 70.0 percent agreed as their feedback. Majority of the respondents (93.86%) with the mean of ranging from 4.26 to 4.83 and standard deviation from 0.38 to 0.91 are agree and support the action from government. The construct on ASEAN’s role in dealing with trans boundary haze pollution has a positive result with mean of 4.20 and standard deviation of 0.77. While, the impact of haze towards their livelihood shows that most of the respondents understand with the value mean of 4.29. The communities in Sri Aman understand the Disaster Risk Management, a government’s action on the legislation and enforcement and the ASEAN’s role when dealing with trans boundary haze. However the community need to be exposed with Disaster Risk Management Training and adopt it is because it will help them to analyse and learn from their experience on the disaster.  Eventually it will enhance the communities understanding on risk posed by trans boundary haze..

Natural Hazards Governance in Turkey

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. P. Gülkan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Emergency Management ◽  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Disaster Management ◽  
Prime Minister ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Management Science ◽  
Disaster Risk Management ◽  
Major Disaster ◽  
Legislative Changes

The current outlook in disaster risk management in Turkey is examined in its historic context in this article. Policies, legislation, and specific responsive actions have culminated in 2009 in the formation of a nationwide Disaster and Emergency Management Authority (“Afet ve Acil Durum Yönetimi Başkanlığı” or AFAD in Turkish) that reports directly to the prime minister. Earthquakes are the principal drivers for disaster management in Turkey. The assessment of the system in effect in Turkey from a management science viewpoint is summarized. The chronological description of the Turkish system has been linked to major disaster occurrences and consequent legislative changes.

scholarly journals The Standardization Process as a Chance for Conceptual Refinement of a Disaster Risk Management Framework: The ARCH Project

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 12276
Author(s):  
René Lindner ◽  
Daniel Lückerath ◽  
Katharina Milde ◽  
Oliver Ullrich ◽  
Saskia Maresch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Disaster Risk Management ◽  
Management Framework ◽  
Horizon 2020 ◽  
Risk Management Framework ◽  
Historic Areas

Risks related to climate change and natural hazards increasingly affect urban areas such as historic towns, old urban quarters, villages, and hamlets. These, as well as historic landscapes, make up a significant part of an urban area’s identity and cannot just be rebuilt or significantly changed without taking into account the historic value, cultural background, and prescribed regulations. Systematic resilience building for historic areas is becoming essential, and research supporting it will be in the spotlight. However, questions still exist concerning how to best transfer research results into practice at the community level. Standardization of resilience-enhancing methods and tools deriving from research projects is one option, chosen, e.g., for the EU-Horizon 2020 project ARCH. Within the project, a disaster risk management (DRM) framework has been composed and then transferred into a standard, supported by a co-creation approach involving relevant stakeholders. This article outlines the project’s different standardization steps and its impact on the development of the ARCH DRM Framework. It highlights the systematic inclusion of project-external stakeholders who actively contribute to the validation and enhancement of the ARCH DRM framework to guarantee maximum applicability in historic areas, supporting them in their fight against the impacts of climate change and natural hazards.

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