scholarly journals Gray matter heterotopia: clinical and neuroimaging report on 22 children

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Di Nora ◽  
G. Costanza ◽  
F. Pizzo ◽  
C. F. Oliva ◽  
A. Di Mari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gray Matter ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Clonic Seizure ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Tonic Clonic Seizure ◽  
Subcortical Band Heterotopia ◽  
Periventricular Heterotopia ◽  
Intellectual Deficit

Abstract Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and neuroimaging features of childhood presenting with gray matter heterotopia observed in a single tertiary Pediatric Department in Catania and compare the data with those reported in the literature. Methods A retrospectively review of the history, clinical findings, electrophysiological features and magnetic resonance images of 22 children presenting with gray matter heterotopia observed from January 2010 to January 2020. Results Among the 22 children included in the study, 17 presented with periventricular heterotopia (PVNH), two with Subcortical Band Heterotopia (SBH), and three with other subcortical heterotopia (SUBH). In the affected children, the ages at first diagnosis ranged from 3 months to 16 years with a mean age of 8.2 years (± 5.4); twelve (54.5%) suffered by developmental delay and intellectual deficit; eleven children (50%) complained of epileptic seizures, mostly focal to bilateral tonic–clonic seizure. In addition, in the periventricular heterotopia group (PVNH), cerebral and systemic malformations were reported in twelve (70%) and in ten (58%) children, respectively, out of seventeen. In the SBH plus SUBH group, epileptic seizures were recorded in 3 (60%) out of 5 children, cerebral malformations in one child and systemic malformations in two children. Conclusions Heterotopic gray matter malformations include a group of disorders that manifest with a variety of neurological implications, such as cognitive impairment and epilepsy, and often related with epilepsy, other cerebral malformations and systemic anomalies.

scholarly journals Modulatory effects of neuropeptides on pentylenetetrazol-induced epileptic seizures and neuroinflammation in rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (9) ◽  
pp. 1188-1192
Author(s):  
Erkan Kilinc ◽  
Handan Gunes
Keyword(s):  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Clonic Seizure ◽  
Tonic Clonic Seizure ◽  
Interleukin 1 Beta ◽  
Calcitonin Gene ◽  
Epilepsy Treatment ◽  
Dual Action

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE We aimed to explore the effects of neuropeptides ghrelin, obestatin, and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) on seizures and plasma concentrations of neuroinflammation biomarkers including calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), substance-P (SP), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) in pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures in rats. METHODS Ghrelin (80 µg/kg), obestatin (1 µg/kg), VIP (25 ng/kg) or saline were administered to rats intraperitoneally 30 min before pentylenetetrazole (PTZ, 50 mg/kg) injections. Stages of epileptic seizures were evaluated by Racine’s scale, and plasma CGRP, SP, and IL-1β concentrations were measured using ELISA. RESULTS Both obestatin and VIP shortened onset-time of generalized tonic-clonic seizure, respectively, moreover VIP also shortened the onset-time of first myoclonic-jerk induced by PTZ. While PTZ increased plasma CGRP, SP and IL-1β concentrations, ghrelin reduced the increases evoked by PTZ. While VIP further increased PTZ-evoked CGRP levels, it diminished IL-1β concentrations. However, obestatin did not change CGRP, SP, and IL-1β concentrations. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that ghrelin acts as an anticonvulsant, obestatin acts as a proconvulsant, and VIP has dual action on epilepsy. Receptors of those neuropeptides may be promising targets for epilepsy treatment.

scholarly journals The Effect of ARHGEF15 Knockout and Forebrain-Specific Human ARHGEF15 Knock-In on Seizure Susceptibility in Mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Dan Liu ◽  
Meng-Yu Ma ◽  
Yan-Ling Wang ◽  
Mei-Juan Ding ◽  
Yu Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Clonic Seizure ◽  
Tonic Clonic Seizure ◽  
Nucleotide Exchange ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Guanine Nucleotide Exchange ◽  
Nucleotide Exchange Factor ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background The ARHGEF15 gene encodes the Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 15. Although multiple evidence indicates that ARHGEF15 may be related to epilepsy, it is not clear what role it plays. Methods Subjects were homozygous ARHGEF15 knockout (E5−/−) mice, wild-type (WT) mice, Cre-positive homozygous human ARHGEF15 conditional knock-in (E5CKI/CKI•Cre+) mice which can overexpress human Ephexin5 in the forebrain, and Cre-positive (E5WT/WT•Cre+) mice. Models with epileptic seizures were established by intraperitoneal injection of pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) in 60 mg/kg, and seizures were recorded by video. Then 7 indexes were counted, including “maximum seizure level”, “seizure level classification”, “tonic-clonic seizure or not”, “latency of tonic-clonic seizure”, “number of times of tonic-clonic seizure”, “total duration of tonic-clonic seizure”, and “dead or not”. Western blot was used to detect Ephexin5, RhoA, p-RhoA, ROCK2, and p-ROCK2 in WT mice and E5−/− mice. Results Compared with WT mice, E5−/− mice had a shorter “total duration of tonic-clonic seizure”. For levels of RhoA, p-RhoA, ROCK2 and p-ROCK2 in the adult hippocampus, there was no significant difference between WT and E5−/−. The level of Ephexin5 was high in the whole brain tissue of 2-day-old WT mice, and an extremely low expression of Ephexin5 was detected in the brain tissue of E5−/− mice of the same age. There was no significant difference between E5CKI/CKI•Cre + mice and E5WT/WT•Cre + mice in seizures. Conclusions ARHGEF15 knockout can decrease the “duration of tonic-clonic seizure” in adult mice with epileptic seizures induced by PTZ. ARHGEF15 knockout did not affect the expression of the RhoA-ROCK2 pathway in the hippocampus of adult mice, which probably attributed to no expression of Ephexin5 in the hippocampus of adult mice. The overexpression of human Ephexin5 in the forebrain has no significant effect on the behavior of epileptic seizures induced by PTZ in adult mice.

Acute Seizures Due to a Probable Interaction between Valproic Acid and Meropenem

2005 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 533-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Javier Coves-Orts ◽  
Joaquín Borrás-Blasco ◽  
Andrés Navarro-Ruiz ◽  
Ana Murcia-López ◽  
Francisco Palacios-Ortega
Keyword(s):  
Valproic Acid ◽  
Serum Concentration ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Clonic Seizure ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Tonic Clonic Seizure ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Intensive Care Unit Treatment ◽  
Acute Seizures ◽  
Probable Interaction

OBJECTIVE: To report a probable interaction between meropenem and valproic acid that resulted in the development of epileptic seizures. CASE SUMMARY: A 21-year-old woman presented to our emergency department because of a new-onset, generalized tonic—clonic seizure and was admitted to the intensive care unit. Treatment with valproic acid 1000 mg as a continuous intravenous infusion over 24 hours was initiated. On day 6, the serum concentration of valproic acid was 52.5 μg/mL. On day 13, treatment with intravenous meropenem 1 g 3 times daily was started. On day 15, when the patient was afebrile, numerous myoclonic episodes occurred involving her arms and face; the serum concentration of valproic acid at that time was 42 μg/mL. The valproic acid dose was increased to 2880 mg. Two days later, a generalized tonic—clonic seizure occurred despite the increased dosage, and the plasma concentration of valproic acid fell to 7 μg/mL. The valproic acid dose was increased the following day to 3600 mg; however, the serum concentrations remained <10 μg/mL. On day 19, based on the results of a blood culture and the suspicion of an interaction between meropenem and valproic acid, meropenem therapy was suspended. The serum concentration of valproic acid was 52.4 μg/mL on day 27. Three days later, the patient was asymptomatic and was discharged. DISCUSSION: Coadministration of valproic acid and other drugs that are metabolized by the hepatic cytochrome P450 isoenzyme system can lead to clinically relevant interactions by induction or inhibition of enzymes in shared metabolic pathways. In view of studies in experimental models, the interaction between carbapenem antibiotics and valproic acid is at least possible. Use of the Naranjo probability scale indicated a probable relationship between acute seizures and a meropenem—valproic acid interaction in this patient. CONCLUSIONS: This case report provides strong evidence for an interaction between valproic acid and meropenem. Clinicians should be aware of this potential interaction that may be associated with a serious adverse effect as the result of the decrease of the valproic acid serum concentrations.

scholarly journals Seizure following the Use of the COX-2 Inhibitor Etoricoxib

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Valentina Arnao ◽  
Marianna Riolo ◽  
Brigida Fierro ◽  
Paolo Aridon
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Clonic Seizure ◽  
Tonic Clonic Seizure ◽  
Generalized Seizures ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Cox 2 Inhibitors

We describe a case of epileptic seizures occurring after the use of a COX-2 inhibitor. A 61-year-old man was admitted to our department because of a generalized tonic-clonic seizure. EEG showed generalized slowdown of the activity. Neuroimaging and blood samples studies did not evidence alterations, but a careful pharmacological history revealed that the patient had taken the COX-2 inhibitor etoricoxib to treat lumbago few days before the onset of clinical symptoms. No seizures were reported after etoricoxib discontinuation and an EEG resulted to be normal two months after this. Conclusion. Knowing the pharmacological history of a patient is important for understanding the clinical presentation and selecting appropriate treatment. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first reported case of generalized seizures associated with the use of COX-2 inhibitors.

Mutational analysis of SCN2B, SCN3B and SCN4B in a large Chinese Han family with generalized tonic–clonic seizure

2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 675-677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Lu ◽  
Weihua Yu ◽  
Zhiqin Xi ◽  
Zheng Xiao ◽  
Xiaoqin Kou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mutational Analysis ◽  
Clonic Seizure ◽  
Tonic Clonic Seizure ◽  
Chinese Han

scholarly journals Ascending Tonic Clonic Seizure Syndrome after Percutaneous Vertebroplasty

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Guido Zarattini ◽  
Adam Farrier ◽  
Federico Sibona
Keyword(s):  
Percutaneous Vertebroplasty ◽  
Rare Complication ◽  
Cement Leakage ◽  
Clonic Seizure ◽  
Tonic Clonic Seizure ◽  
Leg Pain ◽  
Compression Fractures ◽  
First Case ◽  
Seizure Syndrome ◽  
Osteoporotic Compression Fractures

Background Context. Cement leakage is not a rare complication of vertebroplasty, but ascending tonic clonic seizure syndrome is exceptionally rare. We herein report the first case to our knowledge of this complication related to vertebroplasty.Purpose. We herein report the first case of ascending tonic clonic seizure syndrome following epidural cement leakage after percutaneous vertebroplasty in a patient with multiple osteoporotic compression fractures.Study Design. Case report.Methods. A 64-year-old woman with T8, T10, L2, and L4 osteoporotic compression fractures underwent percutaneous vertebroplasty using polymethylmethacrylate. 40 minutes after the procedure the patient started suffering back and leg pain, having repetitive myoclonic jerks lasting 15 seconds of the lower extremities, spasm of the back, dyspnea, sinus tachycardia, hypoxemia, and metabolic acidosis.Results. The patient recovered completely due to a combination of early effective resuscitation and considered definitive management.Conclusions. Percutaneous vertebroplasty with polymethylmethacrylate is relatively safe but has few dangerous complications, which should be prevented by a meticulous technique and excellent image quality.

scholarly journals Influence of dronedarone (a class III antiarrhythmic drug) on the anticonvulsant potency of four classical antiepileptic drugs in the tonic–clonic seizure model in mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 126 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna M. Sawicka ◽  
Agnieszka Wawryniuk ◽  
Jadwiga Daniluk ◽  
Sławomir Karwan ◽  
Magdalena Florek-Łuszczki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiepileptic Drugs ◽  
Antiarrhythmic Drug ◽  
Clonic Seizure ◽  
Tonic Clonic Seizure ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Class Iii Antiarrhythmic Drug ◽  
Seizure Model

scholarly journals Factors influencing the duration of generalized tonic–clonic seizure

Seizure ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 44-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sipei Pan ◽  
Fang Wang ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
Xiang Li ◽  
Xingzhou Liu
Keyword(s):  
Clonic Seizure ◽  
Tonic Clonic Seizure ◽  
Factors Influencing

scholarly journals Ewing sarcoma: Analysis of epidemiological parameters and their relation to clinical characteristics

2006 ◽  
Vol 134 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 310-314
Author(s):  
Vladan Stevanovic ◽  
Zoran Vukasinovic ◽  
Dusko Spasovski
Keyword(s):  
Ewing Sarcoma ◽  
Orthopedic Surgery ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Tumor Localization ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Serious Illness ◽  
Success Of Treatment ◽  
Epidemiologic Features ◽  
Epidemiological Parameters

The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate epidemiologic features of Ewing sarcoma in children treated in the Institute for Orthopedic Surgery "Banjica", as well as to establish relation of these features to clinical findings. Study involved 78 patients treated over 20-year period (1980-2000). Analysis included standard epidemiologic data (age, sex, tumor localization) and diagnostic clinical features on presentation (major symptoms, time elapsed between presentation and diagnosis, presence of metastases). Most of the patients were in the age group of 15-18 years (50.0%), predominantly males. In general, the results of our study were consistent with data reported in literature. Nevertheless, this investigation revealed slightly higher incidence in patients younger than four years of age (5.1%); localization on the upper extremity was found to be more frequent (upper to lower extremity ratio was nearly 3:1 in our study), and the time lost between presentation and diagnosis was markedly reduced (average time elapsed between presentation and diagnosis was 2.5 months). The results of our study may improve efficiency and success of treatment, thus providing the basis of better prognosis in management of such a serious illness.

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