Diallyl phthalate-triggered oxidative stress in Spirodela polyrhiza L. Schleiden: physiological effects and role of antioxidant defence system

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 2245-2258 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Sharma ◽  
R. Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Physiological Effects ◽  
Antioxidant Defence ◽  
Spirodela Polyrhiza ◽  
Defence System ◽  
Antioxidant Defence System ◽  
Diallyl Phthalate

scholarly journals Role of Anthocleista vogelii in serum antioxidant defence system in cadmium-induced oxidative stress in Wistar rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Augustine Apiamu ◽  
Samuel Ogheneovo Asagba ◽  
Nyerhovwo J. Tonukari
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Hexane Fraction ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Antioxidant Defence ◽  
Cd Toxicity ◽  
Defence System ◽  
Antioxidant Defence System

Abstract Background Cadmium (Cd) toxicity, which runs across the food chain, is chiefly regulated by in vivo antioxidant defence system or through antioxidant supplementation of biological systems predisposed to this environmental stressor. The present study was designed to examine the role of Anthocleista vogelii leaves in Cd-induced oxidative stress in the serum of Wistar rats through the application of response surface methodology (RSM) and biomonitoring of selective responses: malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione-s-transferase (GST) and peroxidase (POD) activities, respectively. The cold macerated plant leaves were subjected to fractionation process using methanol-hexane-chloroform (3:2:1 v/v) solvent system such that n-hexane fraction with ample antioxidant levels in terms of total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) among others at p <  0.05 was selected for the study. The study employed central composite design (CCD) with twenty experimental “runs” of male Wistar rats for twenty-eight days, following a week of acclimatization, where n-hexane fraction of A. vogelii (NFAV), cadmium chloride (CdCl2) and body weights of rats were considered input factors in the study. Results The study generated five quadratic models, which differed significantly at p <  0.05 for MDA levels as well as CAT, SOD, GST and POD activities in the sera of Wistar rats. The study revealed that exposure to Cd toxicity caused a marked increase (p <  0.05) in serum MDA levels, but a significant inhibition (p <  0.05) of serum SOD, CAT, GST and POD activities. However, Cd interaction with NFAV showed marked amelioration of Cd-induced oxidative stress, which was confirmed by significant decrease in serum MDA levels, but significant increase in serum SOD, CAT, GST and POD activities at p <  0.05 via the response surface plots. The study also confirmed the reliability and adequacy of the models for accurate prediction of the responses since R-squared (R2) values obtained were greater than 90%. Conclusion It was inferred from the present study that the adequacy of the models validated the potency of A. vogelii leaves graphically in the amelioration of Cd-induced oxidative stress in the serum of Wistar rats. Hence, the plant was considered a rich source of bioactive compounds with significant antioxidant properties.

scholarly journals Downregulation of FeSOD-A expression in Leishmania infantum alters trivalent antimony and miltefosine susceptibility

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Maria Murta Santi ◽  
Paula Alves Silva ◽  
Isabella Fernandes Martins Santos ◽  
Silvane Maria Fonseca Murta
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Western Blot ◽  
Leishmania Infantum ◽  
Transcript Level ◽  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Central Component ◽  
Multiplication Rate ◽  
Antioxidant Defence ◽  
Defence System ◽  
Antioxidant Defence System

Abstract Background Superoxide dismutase (SOD), a central component of the antioxidant defence system of most organisms, removes excess superoxide anions by converting them to oxygen and hydrogen peroxide. As iron (Fe) SOD is absent in the human host, this enzyme is a promising molecular target for drug development against trypanosomatids. Results We obtained Leishmania infantum mutant clones with lower FeSOD-A expression and investigated their phenotypes. Our attempts to delete this enzyme-coding gene using three different methodologies (conventional allelic replacement or two different CRISPR/methods) failed, as FeSOD-A gene copies were probably retained by aneuploidy or gene amplification. Promastigote forms of WT and mutant parasites were used in quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blot analyses, and these parasite forms were also used to assess drug susceptibility. RT-qPCR and western blot analyses revealed that FeSOD-A transcript and protein levels were lower in FeSOD-A−/−/+L. infantum mutant clones than in the wild-type (WT) parasite. The decrease in FeSOD-A expression in L. infantum did not interfere with the parasite growth or susceptibility to amphotericin B. Surprisingly, FeSOD-A−/−/+L. infantum mutant clones were 1.5- to 2.0-fold more resistant to trivalent antimony and 2.4- to 2.7-fold more resistant to miltefosine. To investigate whether the decrease in FeSOD-A expression was compensated by other enzymes, the transcript levels of five FeSODs and six enzymes from the antioxidant defence system were assessed by RT-qPCR. The transcript level of the enzyme ascorbate peroxidase increased in both the FeSOD-A−/−/+ mutants tested. The FeSOD-A−/−/+ mutant parasites were 1.4- to 1.75-fold less tolerant to oxidative stress generated by menadione. Infection analysis using THP-1 macrophages showed that 72 h post-infection, the number of infected macrophages and their intracellular multiplication rate were lower in the FeSOD-A−/−/+ mutant clones than in the WT parasite. Conclusions The unsuccessful attempts to delete FeSOD-A suggest that this gene is essential in L. infantum. This enzyme plays an important role in the defence against oxidative stress and infectivity in THP-1 macrophages. FeSOD-A-deficient L. infantum parasites deregulate their metabolic pathways related to antimony and miltefosine resistance. Graphic Abstract

Queuine promotes antioxidant defence system by activating cellular antioxidant enzyme activities in cancer

2008 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandramani Pathak ◽  
Yogesh K. Jaiswal ◽  
Manjula Vinayak
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Mouse Liver ◽  
Similar Rate ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Antioxidant Defence ◽  
Defence System ◽  
Antioxidant Defence System

Constant generation of ROS (reactive oxygen species) during normal cellular metabolism of an organism is generally balanced by a similar rate of consumption by antioxidants. Imbalance between ROS production and antioxidant defence results in an increased level of ROS, causing oxidative stress, which leads to promotion of malignancy. Queuine is a hyper-modified base analogue of guanine, found at the first anticodon position of the Q-family of tRNAs. These tRNAs are completely modified with respect to queuosine in terminally differentiated somatic cells; however, hypo-modification of Q-tRNAs is closely associated with cell proliferation. Q-tRNA modification is essential for normal development, differentiation and cellular function. Queuine is a nutrient factor for eukaryotes. It is found to promote the cellular antioxidant defence system and inhibit tumorigenesis. The activities of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase are found to be low in the DLAT (Dalton's lymphoma ascites transplanted) mouse liver compared with normal mouse liver. However, exogenous administration of queuine to the DLAT cancerous mouse improves the activities of antioxidant enzymes. These results suggest that queuine promotes the antioxidant defence system by increasing antioxidant enzyme activities and in turn inhibits oxidative stress and tumorigenesis.

Fraxetin and ethyl acetate extract from Lawsonia inermis L. ameliorate oxidative stress in P. berghei infected mice by augmenting antioxidant defence system

Phytomedicine ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 262-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhananjay Kumar Singh ◽  
Harveer Singh Cheema ◽  
Archana Saxena ◽  
Jyotshana ◽  
Shilpi Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Lawsonia Inermis ◽  
Antioxidant Defence ◽  
Defence System ◽  
Antioxidant Defence System

scholarly journals Effect of Bisphenol A-induced Oxidative Stress on the Ultra Structure and Antioxidant Defence System of Arabidopsis thialiana Leaves

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 967-978
Author(s):  
Imran Ali ◽  
Abdul Wakeel ◽  
Sakila Upreti ◽  
Dongdong Liu ◽  
Azizullah Azizullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Antioxidant Defence ◽  
Defence System ◽  
Ultra Structure ◽  
Antioxidant Defence System

Anti-carcinogenic action of curcumin by activation of antioxidant defence system and inhibition of NF-κB signalling in lymphoma-bearing mice

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laxmidhar Das ◽  
Manjula Vinayak
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Nuclear Factor Κb ◽  
Antioxidant Defence ◽  
Defence System ◽  
Antioxidant Defence System ◽  
Endogenous Antioxidant ◽  
Endogenous Antioxidant Defence

NF-κB (nuclear factor κB) plays a significant role in inflammation, immunity, cell proliferation, apoptosis and malignancy. ROS (reactive oxygen species) are among the most important regulating factors of NF-κB. Intracellular ROS are mainly regulated by an endogenous antioxidant defence system. Any disruption of redox balance leads to oxidative stress, which causes a number of pathological conditions including inflammation and malignancy. Increased metabolic activity in cancerous cells leads to oxidative stress, which is further enhanced due to depletion of the endogenous antioxidant defence system. However, the activation and signalling of NF-κB are reported to be inhibited by overexpression and induced activity of antioxidant enzymes. Therefore the present study focuses on the correlation between the endogenous antioxidant defence system, ROS and NF-κB activation during lymphoma growth in mice. The study highlights the anti-carcinogenic role of curcumin by modulation of NF-κB activation and oxidative stress via the endogenous antioxidant defence system. Oxidative stress was monitored by lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation and antioxidant enzyme activity. NF-κB-mediated signalling was tested by DNA-binding activity. The results reflect that intracellular production of H2O2 in oxidative tumour micro-environment regulates NF-κB activation. Curcumin inhibits oxidative state in the liver of lymphoma-bearing mice by enhancing the transcription and activities of antioxidant enzymes, which in turn modulate activation of NF-κB, leading to a decrease in lymphoma growth. Morphological changes as well as cell proliferation and cell survival assays confirmed reduced lymphoma growth. Thus curcumin contributes to cancer prevention by disrupting the vicious cycle of constant ROS production, responsible for a high oxidative micro-environment for tumour growth.

The mitochondrial antioxidant defence system and its response to oxidative stress

PROTEOMICS ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 1 (8) ◽  
pp. 1105-1110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thierry Rabilloud ◽  
Manfred Heller ◽  
Maria-Pia Rigobello ◽  
Alberto Bindoli ◽  
Ruedi Aebersold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Defence ◽  
Defence System ◽  
Antioxidant Defence System
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