Aerosol mass and major composition characterization of ambient air in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 3189-3198 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. Phan ◽  
T. Q. H. Nguyen ◽  
M. K. Nguyen ◽  
K.-H. Park ◽  
G.-N. Bae ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ho Chi Minh City ◽  
Aerosol Mass

of storage as short as possible, only; 24 h should not be ex­ ceeded. Table III comprises the most important criteria for valid static and dynamic sampling. It seems that both the guide of Warren Springs, U.K. and the VDI-Guideline might be a useful base to describe commonly accepted sampling procedures aiming at a standardization of sampling which might be a first step for a harmonization of olfactometric measurements in the different laboratories and countri es. REFERENCES (1) BULLEY, N.R. and D. PHILLIPS (1980). Sensory evaluation of agricul­ tural odours: A critical review. Can. Agric. Eng. 22, 107 - 112. (2) HENRY, J.G. and R. GEHR (1980). Odour control: An operator's guide. Journal WPCF 52, 2523 - 2537. (3) ROOS, C., J.A. DON and J. SCHAEFER (1984). Characterization of odour-polluted air. In: Proc.Int.Symp., Soc. Beige de Filtr. (eds.), 25-27 April 1984, Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium, pp. 3 - 22. (4) BAKER, A.R. and R.C. DOERR (1959). Methods of sampling and storage of air containing vapors and gases. Int.J.Air Poll. 2, 142 - 158. (5) SCHUETTE, F.J. (1967). Plastic bags for collection of gas samples. Atmosph.Environm. 1, 515 - 519. (6) SCHODDER, F. (1977T. Messen von Geruchsstoffkonzentrationen, Erfassen von Geruch. Grundl. Landtechnik 27, 73 - 82. (7) CORMACK, D., T.A. DORLING and B.W7J. LYNCH (1974). Comparison of tech­ niques for organoleptic odour-intensity assessment. Chem.Ind. (Lon­ don) no. 2, 857 - 861. (8) SCHUETZLE, D., T.J. PRATER and S. RUDDELL (1975). Sampling and anal­ ysis of emissions from stationary sources. I. Odour and total hydro­ carbons. APCA Journal 25, 925 - 932. (9) WAUTERS, E., E. WALRAVENS, E. MUYLLE and G. VERDUYN (1983). An evalu­ ation of a fast sampling procedure for the trace analysis of volatile organic compounds in ambient air. Environm.Monitor.Assessm. 3, 151-160. (10) LACHENMAYER, U. and H. KOHLER (1984). Untersuchungen zur Neuentwick-lung eines Olfaktometers. Staub - Reinhalt. Luft 44, 359 - 362. (11) BERNARD, F. (1984). Simplified methods of odour measurement: Indus­ trial application and interest for administrative control. Proc. Int. Symp., Soc. Beige de Filtr. (eds.), 25 - 27 April 1984, Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium, pp. 139 - 150. (12) GILLARD, F. (1984). Measurement of odours by dynamic olfactometry. Application to the steel and carbonization industries. Proc.Int.Symp., Soc. Beige de Filtr. (eds.), 25 - 27 April 1984, Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium, pp. 53 - 86. (13) MANNEBECK, H. (1975). Tragbare Olfaktometer. VDI-Bericht 226, 103-105. (14) BEDBOROUGH, D.R. (1980). Sensory measurement of odours. In: Odour Control - a concise guide, F.H.H. Valentin and A.A. North (eds.), Warren Springs Laboratories, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, U.K., pp. 17-30. (15) THIELE, V. (1984). Olfaktometrie an einer Emissionsquelle - Ergebnis-se des VDI-Ringvergleichs. Staub - Reinhalt. Luft 44, 342 - 351. (16) DUFFEE, R.A., J.P. WAHL, W. MARRONE and J.S. NADERT1973). Defining and measuring objectionable odors. Internat. Pollution Eng. Congress, Philadelphia, paper no 25a, pp. 192 - 201.

1986 ◽  
pp. 62-62
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Air ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Odour Control ◽  
Sampling Procedures ◽  
Dynamic Sampling ◽  
Concise Guide ◽  
And Storage

scholarly journals Characterization of PM1-Bound Metallic Elements in the Ambient Air at a High Mountain Site in Northern China

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 2967-2981
Author(s):  
Jun-Jie Yue ◽  
Roberta Palmiero ◽  
Yang-Yang Han ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Qian-Qian Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Northern China ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Metallic Elements ◽  
Mountain Site

scholarly journals Characterization of a real-time tracer for isoprene epoxydiols-derived secondary organic aerosol (IEPOX-SOA) from aerosol mass spectrometer measurements

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (20) ◽  
pp. 11807-11833 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. W. Hu ◽  
P. Campuzano-Jost ◽  
B. B. Palm ◽  
D. A. Day ◽  
A. M. Ortega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometer ◽  
Secondary Organic Aerosol ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Organic Aerosol ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Chemical Transport Model ◽  
Aerosol Mass Spectrometer ◽  
Aerosol Mass ◽  
Multiple Field

Abstract. Substantial amounts of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) can be formed from isoprene epoxydiols (IEPOX), which are oxidation products of isoprene mainly under low-NO conditions. Total IEPOX-SOA, which may include SOA formed from other parallel isoprene oxidation pathways, was quantified by applying positive matrix factorization (PMF) to aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) measurements. The IEPOX-SOA fractions of organic aerosol (OA) in multiple field studies across several continents are summarized here and show consistent patterns with the concentration of gas-phase IEPOX simulated by the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model. During the Southern Oxidant and Aerosol Study (SOAS), 78 % of PMF-resolved IEPOX-SOA is accounted by the measured IEPOX-SOA molecular tracers (2-methyltetrols, C5-Triols, and IEPOX-derived organosulfate and its dimers), making it the highest level of molecular identification of an ambient SOA component to our knowledge. An enhanced signal at C5H6O+ (m/z 82) is found in PMF-resolved IEPOX-SOA spectra. To investigate the suitability of this ion as a tracer for IEPOX-SOA, we examine fC5H6O (fC5H6O= C5H6O+/OA) across multiple field, chamber, and source data sets. A background of ~ 1.7 ± 0.1 ‰ (‰ = parts per thousand) is observed in studies strongly influenced by urban, biomass-burning, and other anthropogenic primary organic aerosol (POA). Higher background values of 3.1 ± 0.6 ‰ are found in studies strongly influenced by monoterpene emissions. The average laboratory monoterpene SOA value (5.5 ± 2.0 ‰) is 4 times lower than the average for IEPOX-SOA (22 ± 7 ‰), which leaves some room to separate both contributions to OA. Locations strongly influenced by isoprene emissions under low-NO levels had higher fC5H6O (~ 6.5 ± 2.2 ‰ on average) than other sites, consistent with the expected IEPOX-SOA formation in those studies. fC5H6O in IEPOX-SOA is always elevated (12–40 ‰) but varies substantially between locations, which is shown to reflect large variations in its detailed molecular composition. The low fC5H6O (< 3 ‰) reported in non-IEPOX-derived isoprene-SOA from chamber studies indicates that this tracer ion is specifically enhanced from IEPOX-SOA, and is not a tracer for all SOA from isoprene. We introduce a graphical diagnostic to study the presence and aging of IEPOX-SOA as a triangle plot of fCO2 vs. fC5H6O. Finally, we develop a simplified method to estimate ambient IEPOX-SOA mass concentrations, which is shown to perform well compared to the full PMF method. The uncertainty of the tracer method is up to a factor of ~ 2, if the fC5H6O of the local IEPOX-SOA is not available. When only unit mass-resolution data are available, as with the aerosol chemical speciation monitor (ACSM), all methods may perform less well because of increased interferences from other ions at m/z 82. This study clarifies the strengths and limitations of the different AMS methods for detection of IEPOX-SOA and will enable improved characterization of this OA component.

scholarly journals Poor Air Quality and Its Association with Mortality in Ho Chi Minh City: Case Study

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 750
Author(s):  
Hoang Ngoc Khue Vu ◽  
Quang Phuc Ha ◽  
Duc Hiep Nguyen ◽  
Thi Thu Thuy Nguyen ◽  
Thoai Tam Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Air Quality Modeling ◽  
World Health ◽  
Ho Chi Minh City ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Quality Modeling ◽  
Concentration Of Air Pollutants

Along with its rapid urban development, Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) in recent years has suffered a high concentration of air pollutants, especially fine particulate matters or PM2.5. A comprehensive study is required to evaluate the air quality conditions and their health impact in this city. Given the lack of adequate air quality monitoring data over a large area of the size of HCMC, an air quality modeling methodology is adopted to address the requirement. Here, by utilizing a corresponding emission inventory in combination with The Air Pollution Model-Chemical Transport Model (TAPM-CTM), the predicted concentration of air pollutants is first obtained for PM2.5, NOx, and SO2. Then by associating the pollutants exposed with the mortality rate from three causes, namely Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD), cardiopulmonary, and lung cancer, the impact of air pollution on human health is obtained for this purpose. Spatial distribution has shown a high amount of pollutants concentrated in the central city with a high density of combustion vehicles (motorcycles and automobiles). In addition, a significant amount of emissions can be observed from stevedoring and harbor activities, including ferries and cargo handling equipment located along the river. Other sources such as household activities also contribute to an even distribution of emission across the city. The results of air quality modeling showed that the annual average concentrations of NO2 were higher than the standard of Vietnam National Technical Regulation on Ambient Air Quality (QCVN 05: 2013 40 µg/m3) and World Health Organization (WHO) (40 µg/m3). The annual average concentrations of PM2.5 were 23 µg/m3 and were also much higher than the WHO (10 µg/m3) standard by about 2.3 times. In terms of public health impacts, PM2.5 was found to be responsible for about 1136 deaths, while the number of mortalities from exposure to NO2 and SO2 was 172 and 89 deaths, respectively. These figures demand some stringent measures from the authorities to potentially remedy the alarming situation of air pollution in HCM City.

scholarly journals Characterization of nighttime formation of particulate organic nitrates based on high-resolution aerosol mass spectrometry in an urban atmosphere in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 5235-5249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuangyou Yu ◽  
Qiao Zhu ◽  
Ke Du ◽  
Xiao-Feng Huang
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Organic Aerosol ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ozone Production ◽  
Urban Site ◽  
Organic Nitrate ◽  
High Time Resolution ◽  
Organic Nitrates ◽  
Aerosol Mass

Abstract. Organic nitrates are important atmospheric species that significantly affect the cycling of NOx and ozone production. However, characterization of particulate organic nitrates and their sources in polluted atmosphere is a big challenge and has not been comprehensively studied in Asia. In this study, an aerodyne high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS) was deployed at an urban site in China from 2015 to 2016 to characterize particulate organic nitrates in total nitrates with a high time resolution. Based on the cross-validation of two different data processing methods, organic nitrates were effectively quantified to contribute a notable fraction of organic aerosol (OA), namely 9 %–21 % in spring, 11 %–25 % in summer, and 9 %–20 % in autumn, while contributing a very small fraction in winter. The good correlation between organic nitrates and fresh secondary organic aerosol (SOA) at night, as well as the diurnal trend of size distribution of organic nitrates, indicated a key role of nighttime local secondary formation of organic nitrates. Furthermore, theoretical calculations of nighttime SOA production of NO3 reactions with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) measured during the spring campaign were performed, resulting in three biogenic VOCs (α-pinene, limonene, and camphene) and one anthropogenic VOC (styrene) identified as the possible key VOC precursors to particulate organic nitrates. The comparison with similar studies in the literature implied that nighttime particulate organic nitrate formation is highly relevant to NOx levels. This study proposes that unlike the documented cases in the United States and Europe, modeling nighttime particulate organic nitrate formation in China should incorporate not only biogenic VOCs but also anthropogenic VOCs for urban air pollution, which needs the support of relevant smog chamber studies in the future.

scholarly journals HO<sub><i>x</i></sub> and NO<sub><i>x</i></sub> production in oxidation flow reactors via photolysis of isopropyl nitrite, isopropyl nitrite-d<sub>7</sub>, and 1,3-propyl dinitrite at <i>λ</i> = 254, 350, and 369 nm

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 299-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew T. Lambe ◽  
Jordan E. Krechmer ◽  
Zhe Peng ◽  
Jason R. Casar ◽  
Anthony J. Carrasquillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Nitrite Concentration ◽  
Flow Reactors ◽  
Oxidative Aging ◽  
Complementary Method ◽  
Alkyl Nitrites ◽  
Aerosol Mass ◽  
Alkyl Nitrite

Abstract. Oxidation flow reactors (OFRs) are an emerging technique for studying the formation and oxidative aging of organic aerosols and other applications. In these flow reactors, hydroxyl radicals (OH), hydroperoxyl radicals (HO2), and nitric oxide (NO) are typically produced in the following ways: photolysis of ozone (O3) at λ=254 nm, photolysis of H2O at λ=185 nm, and via reactions of O(1D) with H2O and nitrous oxide (N2O); O(1D) is formed via photolysis of O3 at λ=254 nm and/or N2O at λ=185 nm. Here, we adapt a complementary method that uses alkyl nitrite photolysis as a source of OH via its production of HO2 and NO followed by the reaction NO + HO2 → NO2 + OH. We present experimental and model characterization of the OH exposure and NOx levels generated via photolysis of C3 alkyl nitrites (isopropyl nitrite, perdeuterated isopropyl nitrite, 1,3-propyl dinitrite) in the Potential Aerosol Mass (PAM) OFR as a function of photolysis wavelength (λ=254 to 369 nm) and organic nitrite concentration (0.5 to 20 ppm). We also apply this technique in conjunction with chemical ionization mass spectrometer measurements of multifunctional oxidation products generated following the exposure of α-Pinene to HOx and NOx obtained using both isopropyl nitrite and O3 + H2O + N2O as the radical precursors.

Characterization of size-fractionated particulate mercury in Shanghai ambient air

2005 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangli L. Xiu ◽  
Qingxi Jin ◽  
Danian Zhang ◽  
Shuangyan Shi ◽  
Xuejuan Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Air ◽  
Particulate Mercury

scholarly journals Characterization of nighttime formation of particulate organic nitrates based on high-resolution aerosol mass spectrometry in an urban atmosphere in China

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuangyou Yu ◽  
Qiao Zhu ◽  
Ke Du ◽  
Xiao-Feng Huang
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Factorization Method ◽  
Urban Atmosphere ◽  
Ozone Production ◽  
Urban Site ◽  
High Time Resolution ◽  
Organic Nitrates ◽  
Aerosol Mass ◽  
Polluted Atmosphere

Abstract. Organic nitrates are important atmospheric species that significantly affect the cycling of NOx and ozone production. However, characterization of particulate organic nitrates and their sources in inorganic nitrate-abundant particles in polluted atmosphere is a big challenge, and has been little performed in the literature. In this study, an Aerodyne high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS) was deployed at an urban site in South China from 2015 to 2016 to characterize particulate organic nitrates with high time resolution. Based on two different data processing methods, 13–21 % of the total measured nitrates was identified to be organic nitrates in spring, 41–64 % in summer and 16%–25 % in autumn; however, in winter, most measured nitrates were inorganic. The good correlation between organic nitrates and fresh secondary organic aerosol identified by the positive matrix factorization method at night rather than in the daytime indicated a potentially important role of nighttime secondary formation. Therefore, we theoretically estimated nighttime NO3 radical concentrations and SOA formation using the various VOCs measured simultaneously. Consequently, the calculated products of monoterpene reacting with NO3 agreed well with the organic nitrates in terms of both concentration and variation, suggesting that the biogenic VOC reactions with NO3 at night are the dominant formation pathway for particulate organic nitrates in polluted atmosphere, despite of much higher abundance of anthropogenic VOCs.

scholarly journals Formation of secondary organic aerosols from gas–phase emissions of heated cooking oils

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tengyu Liu ◽  
Zijun Li ◽  
ManNin Chan ◽  
Chak K. Chan
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Organic Aerosol ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer ◽  
Unsaturated Fat ◽  
Aerosol Mass ◽  
Cooking Oils

Abstract. Cooking emissions can potentially contribute to secondary organic aerosol (SOA) but remain poorly understood. In this study, formation of SOA from gas-phase emissions of five heated vegetable oils (i.e. corn, canola, sunflower, peanut and olive oils) was investigated in a potential aerosol mass (PAM) chamber. Experiments were conducted at 19–20 ºC and 65–70 % RH. The characterization instruments included a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) and a high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-TOF-AMS). The efficiency of SOA production, in ascending order, was peanut oil, olive oil, canola oil, corn oil and sunflower oil. The major SOA precursors from heated cooking oils were related to the content of mono-unsaturated fat and omega-6 fatty acids in cooking oils. The average production rate of SOA, after aging at an OH exposure of 1.7 × 1011 molecules cm−3 s, was 1.35 ± 0.30 µg min−1, three orders of magnitude lower compared with emission rates of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) from heated cooking oils in previous studies. The mass spectra of cooking SOA highly resemble field-derived COA (cooking-related organic aerosol) in ambient air, with R2 ranging from 0.74 to 0.88, suggesting that COA might not be entirely primary in origin. The average carbon oxidation state (OSc) of SOA was −1.51–−0.81, falling in the range between ambient hydrocarbon-like organic aerosol (HOA) and semi-volatile oxygenated organic aerosol (SV-OOA), indicating that SOA in these experiments was lightly oxidized.

Characterization of stable brush-shaped large-volume plasma generated at ambient air

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 013501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Tang ◽  
Wenqing Cao ◽  
Wei Zhao ◽  
Yishan Wang ◽  
Yixiang Duan
Keyword(s):  
Large Volume ◽  
Ambient Air
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document