Surface modification of sol–gel derived nano zinc oxide (ZnO) and the study of its effect on the properties of styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR) nanocomposites

Abstract The effect of sulfur, MBT, zinc oxide, and stearic acid on the DCP vulcanization of SBR has been studied. DCP decomposition obeys first order kinetics in all cases, but its rate constant is higher in presence of MBT. Sulfur and MBT reduce the crosslink density due to DCP. In the mixes containing sulfur, MBT, zinc oxide, and stearic acid in presence of DCP the crosslink density is initially additive. Here oxidation of some pendent vinyl groups are effected by DCP, and these groups also take part in thiol addition reaction with MBT. The thiazole accelerated sulfuration of SBR proceeds fundamentally by the same mechanism as reported for NR, but the details show slight difference chiefly due to the presence of pendent vinyl groups and styrene units in the chain and due to the absence of pendent methyl groups in SBR.

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Organic Zinc Salts as Pro-Ecological Activators for Sulfur Vulcanization of Styrene–Butadiene Rubber

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym11101723 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 1723 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Magdalena Maciejewska ◽

Anna Sowińska ◽

Judyta Kucharska

Keyword(s):

Zinc Oxide ◽

Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽

Butadiene Rubber ◽

Zinc Ions ◽

Organic Zinc ◽

Rubber Compounds ◽

Curing Characteristics ◽

Sulfur Vulcanization ◽

Zinc Salts ◽

Styrene Butadiene

Organic zinc salts and complexes were applied as activators for sulfur vulcanization of styrene–butadiene elastomer (SBR) in order to reduce the content of zinc ions in rubber compounds as compared with conventionally used zinc oxide. In this article, the effects of different organic zinc activators on the curing characteristics, crosslink densities, and mechanical properties of SBR as well as the aging resistance and thermal behavior of vulcanizates are discussed. Organic zinc salts seem to be good substitutes for zinc oxide as activators for sulfur vulcanization of SBR rubber, without detrimental effects to the vulcanization time and temperature. Moreover, vulcanizates containing organic zinc salts exhibit higher tensile strength and better damping properties than vulcanizate crosslinked with zinc oxide. The application of organic zinc activators allows the amount of zinc ions in SBR compounds to be reduced by 70–90 wt % compared to vulcanizate with zinc oxide. This is very important for ecological reasons, since zinc oxide is classified as being toxic to aquatic species.

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Study on the Effect of Reaction Conditions for In Situ Silica Reinforcement of Styrene-Butadiene Rubber by Sol-gel Process in the Latex.

NIPPON GOMU KYOKAISHI ◽

10.2324/gomu.73.144 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 73 (3) ◽

pp. 144-151 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kazumasa YOSHIKAI ◽

Tetsuro OHSAKI ◽

Azusa SUEYOSHI

Keyword(s):

Sol Gel ◽

Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽

Butadiene Rubber ◽

Reaction Conditions ◽

In Situ Silica ◽

Sol Gel Process ◽

Styrene Butadiene

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Plasma surface modification of silica and its effect on properties of styrene-butadiene rubber compound

Polymer International ◽

10.1002/pi.897 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 51 (6) ◽

pp. 510-518 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Changwoon Nah ◽

Mong-Young Huh ◽

John M Rhee ◽

Tae-Ho Yoon

Keyword(s):

Surface Modification ◽

Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽

Butadiene Rubber ◽

Rubber Compound ◽

Plasma Surface Modification ◽

Plasma Surface ◽

Styrene Butadiene

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Cure Characteristics and Mechanical Properties of NR/ SBR Blends Filled with Nano-sized CaCO3

Progress in Rubber Plastics and Recycling Technology ◽

10.1177/147776060502100202 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 101-115

Author(s):

Chaoying Wan ◽

Yong Zhang ◽

Yin Zhu ◽

Yinxi Zhang

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Surface Modification ◽

Stearic Acid ◽

Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽

Butadiene Rubber ◽

Cure Rate ◽

Cure Characteristics ◽

Cure Time ◽

Surface Modified ◽

Styrene Butadiene

Four kinds of nano-sized calcium carbonate (CaCO3) surface-modified with stearic acid, aluminate, titanate and aluminate-titanate complex coupling agents, were used to reinforce natural rubber (NR)/styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) blends. The effects of surface modification and CaCO3 content on the cure characteristics, swelling behaviour, and mechanical properties of NR/SBR blends were studied. The surface modification of CaCO3 improved the processing and mechanical properties, and the stearic acid coated CaCO3 (SA-CaCO3) had finer dispersion and produced a better reinforcement effect than the other modified CaCO3. Furthermore, a commercial high abrasion furnace carbon black (HAF) was used for comparison. The results showed that both CaCO3 and HAF increased the cure rate, reduced the optimum cure time and improved the mechanical properties of NR/SBR blends at appropriate filler contents. The tensile strength of filled NR/SBR composites reached its maximum value when the SA-CaCO3 content was 50 phr or the HAF content was 30 phr. The modulus at 200%, tear strength, and Shore A hardness of filled NR/SBR composites all increased with increasing filler content. The CaCO3 reinforced the NR/SBR blends to some extent, though it was still not as effective as HAF.

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Preparation and characterization of Ca-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles for heavy metal removal from aqueous solution

MRS Advances ◽

10.1557/adv.2016.511 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (53) ◽

pp. 3607-3612 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Imed Ghiloufi ◽

Jaber El Ghoul ◽

Abueliz Modwi ◽

Lassaad El Mir

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Aqueous Solution ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Zinc Oxide ◽

Metal Removal ◽

Sol Gel ◽

Heavy Metal Removal ◽

Nano Zinc Oxide ◽

Calcium Doped ◽

Nano Zinc

ABSTRACTNano zinc oxide (ZnO) and Calcium doped zinc oxide (CZ) nanopowders were synthesized by sol–gel method from zinc acetate di-hydrate and an adequate quantity of calcium chloride hexa-hydrate. Calcium doped zinc oxide (CZ) were prepared at different Ca concentrations from 1 wt% (CZ1) to 5 wt% (CZ5). The obtained nanopowders were characterized by transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The objective of this work is to find a new and highly efficient nanomaterial for the adsorption of heavy metals from waste water. For this reason, the nanopowders were used to uptake heavy metals (Cr, Cd, and Ni) from aqueous solution. The obtained results show that the incorporation of Ca in nanoparticles zinc oxide (ZnO) increases the capacity adsorption of nanopowders and CZ3 is more efficient than the other Ca-doped samples. In this work we studied also the effect of pH and the pyrolysis temperature of the nanopowders on the removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solution by CZ3.

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