Sustaining Gains in Health Programs: Technical Efficiency and its Determinants in Malaria Programs in Sub-Saharan Africa

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esso-Hanam Atake
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Health Programs ◽  
Sub Saharan

scholarly journals Impact of Weather Index Insurance on Groundnut Farmers’ Technical Efficient in Senegal: A Propensity Score Matching Approach

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Baoubadi Atozou ◽  
Kotchikpa Gabriel Lawin ◽  
Diombare Niang
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Index Insurance ◽  
Weather Index ◽  
Weather Index Insurance ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Matching Techniques

Irregular and low rainfall levels and drought have become important sources of low agricultural yields and agricultural incomes in sub-Saharan Africa. Weather index insurance is a financial product for climate risk management aimed at securing farmers' incomes. This paper aims to evaluate the impact of a weather index insurance project piloted with groundnut farmers in Senegal in 2015-2016 agricultural season on farmer’s technical efficiency (TE). A Stochastic Production Frontier model was used to estimate the TE scores. A matched group of beneficiaries and control farmers was determined using propensity score matching techniques to mitigate biases stemming from observed variables. The results showed that average TE is consistently higher for control farmers than the beneficiary group. Age, gender and education were found to be significantly related to technical efficiency, while membership in farmers’ association, credit, improved seeds and extension contact were not significantly related to technical efficiency. From a policy perspective, we suggest that weather index insurance programs targeting smallholder farmers in developing countries, and particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, be accompanied with education services, provision of new technologies such as high yield seeds and other best farm management practices and credit to help farmers better adapt to weather shocks and secure their production and income. 

scholarly journals A Panel Data Approach to the Measurement of Health Technical Efficiency of Sub-Saharan Africa

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elham Torkian
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Stochastic Production Frontier ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This study investigates technical efficiency of health production function in Sub-Saharan Africa. For this purpose, a stochastic production frontier model is estimated using fixed-effects panel data method over the period of 2000-2007. More specifically the impact of economic, social, and environmental factors in determining life expectancy at birth, as the dependent variable, is measured and evaluated. Overall, the results justify the important role of policymakers, who their proactive approaches should be given to activities that go beyond the health system to influence the main determinants of health i.e. socioeconomic and environmental factors in preventing infectious diseases, improving life expectancy and aid populations to access available resources.

scholarly journals Efficiency Impact of the Communal Land Distribution Program in Northern Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 4436
Author(s):  
Shunji Oniki ◽  
Melaku Berhe ◽  
Koichi Takenaka
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Tree Planting ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Northern Ethiopia ◽  
Land Distribution ◽  
Farm Production ◽  
Communal Land ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Impact

A rapid increase in population in sub-Saharan Africa has caused a decrease in farm size, an increase in the number of landless farmers, and soil erosion in communal forests due to increasing utilization. Ethiopia has addressed this problem by introducing an epoch-making privatization policy for the allocation of communal land to landless farmers. This policy promotes the economic utilization of the communal land while protecting natural resources. Hitherto, few studies have evaluated the impact of the policy. We evaluate the effect of the communal land distribution policy for tree-planting using technical efficiency of farm production by estimating a stochastic production function model in the Tigray region of Ethiopia. We compare the technical efficiencies of farm production between both participating and nonparticipating farms in the program using a quasi-experimental method. The results reveal the improvement of technical efficiency through communal land distribution. Therefore, program activities could increase farm incomes while maintaining land conservation. Thus, the allocation of communal land promotes sustainable land utilization in the mountainous areas of sub-Saharan Africa.

scholarly journals Five Decades of Productivity and Efficiency Changes in World Agriculture (1969–2013)

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 200
Author(s):  
Asif Reza Anik ◽  
Sanzidur Rahman ◽  
Jaba Rani Sarker
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Economies Of Scope ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
Scale Efficiency ◽  
Tfp Growth ◽  
World Agriculture ◽  
Sub Saharan

The present study applied the Färe–Primont index approach to estimate the total factor productivity (TFP) growth of world agriculture, covering the period 1969–2013. Overall, the world agricultural TFP grew at a rate of 0.44% p.a. This growth was mainly contributed to by technological progress and mix efficiency changes, while the contributions of technical efficiency and scale efficiency changes were negligible. TFP growth varied across regions, with South Asia at the top of the list (1.05% p.a.), and East Asia and the Pacific (0.18% p.a.) at the bottom. TFP components exerted differential influences amongst regions. For instance, mix efficiency played a dominant role in Sub-Saharan Africa, the Middle East and North Africa, whereas it was technical efficiency change in Latin America and the Caribbean region. The paper argues for region specific policy interventions emphasizing technical progress through investment in R&D and price and non-price interventions to improve economies of scope and scale of operation in the agricultural sector.

scholarly journals Baseline assessment of Pharmacovigilance activities in four sub-Saharan African countries: a perspective on tuberculosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Everdina W. Tiemersma ◽  
Ali Ibrahim ◽  
Asnakech Alemu ◽  
Yohanna Kambai Avong ◽  
Alemayehu Duga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Health Programs ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Public Health Programs ◽  
Roles And Responsibilities ◽  
Adr Reporting ◽  
Sub Saharan

Abstract Background: New medicines have become available for the treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) and are introduced in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) by the national TB programs (NTPs) through special access schemes. Pharmacovigilance is typically the task of national medicines regulatory agencies (NMRAs), but the active drug safety monitoring and management (aDSM) recommended for the new TB medicines and regimens was introduced through the NTPs.We assessed the strengths and challenges of pharmacovigilance systems in Eswatini, Ethiopia, Nigeria and Tanzania, focusing on their capacity to monitor safety of medicines registered and not registered by the NMRAs for the treatment of DR-TB. Methods: Assessment visits were conducted to all four countries by a multidisciplinary team. We used a pharmacovigilance indicator tool derived from existing tools, interviewed key stakeholders, and visited health facilities where DR-TB patients were treated with new medicines. Assessment results were verified with the local NMRAs and NTPs.Results: Most countries have enabling laws, regulations and guidelines for the conduct of pharmacovigilance by the NMRAs. The relative success of NTP-NMRA collaboration iss much influenced by interpersonal relationships between staff. Division of roles and responsibilities is not always clear and leads to duplication and unfulfilled tasks (e.g. causality assessment). The introduction of aDSM has increased awareness and adverse drug reaction (ADR) reporting to the NMRAs among DR-TB healthcare providers.Conclusion: aDSM has created awareness about the importance of pharmacovigilance among NTPs and has increased ADR reporting rates from the NTPs and/or TB healthcare providers to the NMRAs. In the future, a push for conducting pharmacovigilance through public health programs seems useful, but this needs to coincide with increased collaboration with between public health programs and NMRAs with clear formulation of roles and responsibilities.

scholarly journals The Criticality of Evaluating Port Efficiency Modelling: A Case of 19 Sub Saharan African Ports for the period of 2008-2015

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-153
Author(s):  
Oluwatoyin Adeola Osundiran ◽  
Felix Okonta ◽  
Harry Quainoo
Keyword(s):  
Data Envelopment Analysis ◽  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Continuous Improvement ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Production Index ◽  
Index Model ◽  
Multiplier Effect ◽  
Port Efficiency ◽  
Sub Saharan

The paper described the essence of evaluating port efficiency using the Data Envelopment Analysis Malmquist Production Index Model. The model was used to examine the drivers of efficiency of 19 Sub-Saharan African Ports for the period of 2008-2015. The importance of ports to the development of nations in Africa makes it expedient to evaluate how efficient ports in sub-Saharan Africa are and what are the drivers of efficiency. The result of the study indicated that the significant drivers of productivity in the ports examined are technical efficiency. A Port continuous improvement framework was developed to assist in improving port performance. The Port continuous improvement framework is essential because the improvement in the port will have a multiplier effect on all the maritime stakeholders and the economy at large.

scholarly journals Baseline assessment of pharmacovigilance activities in four sub-Saharan African countries: a perspective on tuberculosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Everdina W. Tiemersma ◽  
Ibrahim Ali ◽  
Asnakech Alemu ◽  
Yohanna Kambai Avong ◽  
Alemayehu Duga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Health Programs ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Public Health Programs ◽  
Roles And Responsibilities ◽  
Drug Safety Monitoring ◽  
Sub Saharan

Abstract Background New medicines have become available for the treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) and are introduced in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) by the national TB programs (NTPs) through special access schemes. Pharmacovigilance is typically the task of national medicines regulatory agencies (NMRAs), but the active drug safety monitoring and management (aDSM) recommended for the new TB medicines and regimens was introduced through the NTPs. We assessed the strengths and challenges of pharmacovigilance systems in Eswatini, Ethiopia, Nigeria and Tanzania, focusing on their capacity to monitor safety of medicines registered and not registered by the NMRAs for the treatment of DR-TB. Methods Assessment visits were conducted to all four countries by a multidisciplinary team. We used a pharmacovigilance indicator tool derived from existing tools, interviewed key stakeholders, and visited health facilities where DR-TB patients were treated with new medicines. Assessment results were verified with the local NMRAs and NTPs. Results Most countries have enabling laws, regulations and guidelines for the conduct of pharmacovigilance by the NMRAs. The relative success of NTP-NMRA collaboration is much influenced by interpersonal relationships between staff. Division of roles and responsibilities is not always clear and leads to duplication and unfulfilled tasks (e.g. causality assessment). The introduction of aDSM has increased awareness among DR-TB healthcare providers. Conclusion aDSM has created awareness about the importance of pharmacovigilance among NTPs. In the future, a push for conducting pharmacovigilance through public health programs seems useful, but this needs to coincide with increased collaboration with between public health programs and NMRAs with clear formulation of roles and responsibilities.

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