Risk-based cervical screening practice more cost effective in the USA than results-based approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 888 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-28
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Screening ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Screening Practice ◽  
The Usa

Geopolitical Factors of U.S. Energy Security System Formation

2013 ◽  
pp. 42-48
Author(s):  
E. Telegina ◽  
M. Tadzhiev
Keyword(s):  
Energy Security ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Global Demand ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Energy Products ◽  
American Economy

According to judgemental forecasts, in the next few years the revolutionary changes in the energy complex both in the USA and in the world in general are hardly possible, considering the enormous inertia of the energetic system and high expenses coming from the infrastructure supersession, even in case of cost-effective alternatives to the existing energy commodities. At the same time, the sharpening of energy security problems resulting from the growth of a global demand on energy products leads to perceprion of necessity for a new approach to forming the global energy market, and to development of new stability and reliability strategies maintenance for assured supplies of energy products. In recent years, the USA as the biggest consumer of energy resources in the world worked out a new national strategy of energy security provision. Its main targets are: meeting the requirements of the American economy of its own resources, lowering the import-dependence level, high use of innovation technologies, significant increase of investments in alternative energy sources, as well as of resource-and energy-saving.

Adoption of Electronic Health Care Records

2013 ◽  
pp. 148-165
Author(s):  
Jerald D. Hatton ◽  
Thomas M. Schmidt ◽  
Jonatan Jelen
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Health Records ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Phenomenological Study ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Research Quality ◽  
Control Cost ◽  
Health Records ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Electronic Health ◽  
Support Of Research

Political, economic, and safety concerns have militated for the adoption of Electronic Health Records by physicians in the United States, but current rates of adoption have failed to penetrate the 50% level. A qualitative phenomenological study of practicing physicians reveals stumbling blocks to adoption. Maintaining a physician’s perceived sense of control of the process is key. Electronic Health Records (EHRs) are critical to the support of research, quality control, cost reduction, and implementation of new technologies and methods in healthcare. Progress in the USA towards adoption of standardized EHRs has been halting. The authors discuss the results of a phenomenological study of physicians and draw conclusions that will assist all stakeholders in building a more consistent, comprehensive, and cost-effective healthcare system. When attempting to persuade physicians to migrate to an EMR-based solution, a strong focus on the control that physicians will have should be emphasized. The transition to an EHR system is eased by clearly articulating early in the process the potential benefits and the degree of control physicians can have in the use of the applications.

How screening started

Screening ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Angela E. Raffle ◽  
Anne Mackie ◽  
J. A. Muir Gray
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Screening ◽  
Informed Choice ◽  
Commercial Activity ◽  
Best Value ◽  
Randomised Control Trials ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Scientific Challenge ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Uk

This chapter explains how health screening began, how the aims have evolved, how evidence and organisation influenced matters, and how challenges in the future will give rise to continuing change. It begins with Gould’s address in 1900 to the American Medical Association and charts events that led, almost by accident, to the institution of comprehensive annual testing of healthy adults in the USA, and to 5 day hospital-based ‘Human Dry Dock’ screening for Japanese executives. Scientific challenge then came from two randomised control trials, which failed to find benefit, but by then screening had become an important commercial activity. Using the UK cervical screening programme as a case study, the chapter explores how the optimism of the 1960s led through disillusionment, then to programme organisation and, by the 1990s, an era of realism. Evolution of the Wilson and Jungner criteria as an aid for policy making is covered. A key challenge now is to ensure best value policy, high quality systematic programme delivery and informed choice in the face of commercial forces that lead to the glossing over of screening’s complexities and far reaching consequences.

scholarly journals Average medical cost of fatal and non-fatal injuries by type in the USA

2019 ◽  
pp. injuryprev-2019-043544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cora Peterson ◽  
Likang Xu ◽  
Curtis Florence
Keyword(s):  
Medical Care ◽  
Medical Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Medical Care Cost ◽  
Body Region ◽  
Injury Type ◽  
Inpatient Settings ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Multivariable Regression ◽  
Fatal Injuries

ObjectiveTo estimate the average medical care cost of fatal and non-fatal injuries in the USA comprehensively by injury type.MethodsThe attributable cost of injuries was estimated by mechanism (eg, fall), intent (eg, unintentional), body region (eg, head and neck) and nature of injury (eg, fracture) among patients injured from 1 October 2014 to 30 September 2015. The cost of fatal injuries was the multivariable regression-adjusted average among patients who died in hospital emergency departments (EDs) or inpatient settings as reported in the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Nationwide Emergency Department Sample and National Inpatient Sample, controlling for demographic (eg, age), clinical (eg, comorbidities) and health insurance (eg, Medicaid) factors. The 1-year attributable cost of non-fatal injuries was assessed among patients with ED-treated injuries using MarketScan medical claims data. Multivariable regression models compared total medical payments (inpatient, outpatient, drugs) among non-fatal injury patients versus matched controls during the year following injury patients’ ED visit, controlling for demographic, clinical and insurance factors. All costs are 2015 US dollars.ResultsThe average medical cost of all fatal injuries was approximately $6880 and $41 570 per ED-based and hospital-based patient, respectively (range by injury type: $4764–$10 289 and $31 912–$95 295). The average attributable 1-year cost of all non-fatal injuries per person initially treated in an ED was approximately $6620 (range by injury type: $1698–$80 172).Conclusions and relevanceInjuries are costly and preventable. Accurate estimates of attributable medical care costs are important to monitor the economic burden of injuries and help to prioritise cost-effective public health prevention activities.

Mobile Health and Telemedicine

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Alice Etim ◽  
David N. Etim ◽  
Jasmine Scott
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Health ◽  
Health Informatics ◽  
Healthcare Delivery ◽  
Health Expenditures ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Black Colleges ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The U.S

In 2016, the U.S. Government health expenditures reached $3.35 trillion and the cost per person stood at $10,345. Health is seen as impacting both one's quality of life and finances. The Affordable Care Act (ACA) (2008 - 2016) brought the issue of cost to the forefront for all people especially those in the health disparate communities. Advances in health informatics coupled with new approaches to healthcare delivery may hold promise for this large industry in the USA that critically needs to be cost effective in order to sustain itself. This paper reports a study that investigated importance of health, mobile health (m-Health) and telemedicine awareness along with its adoption in a health disparate community that has one of the Historical Black Colleges & Universities (HBCUs) in the country. The findings were that, all participants owned a mobile (cell) phone with smart features. Although a large number them indicated that their health was very important to them, there was lack of awareness and adoption of m-Health and telemedicine.

scholarly journals Cost-effectiveness of single-dose zoledronic acid for nursing home residents with osteoporosis in the USA

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. e022585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kouta Ito
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Home ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Zoledronic Acid ◽  
Usual Care ◽  
Nursing Home Residents ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Routine Administration ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Cost

ObjectiveTo evaluate the cost-effectiveness of routine administration of single-dose zoledronic acid for nursing home residents with osteoporosis in the USA.DesignMarkov cohort simulation model based on published literature from a healthcare sector perspective over a lifetime horizon.SettingNursing homes.ParticipantsA hypothetical cohort of nursing home residents aged 85 years with osteoporosis.InterventionsTwo strategies were compared: (1) a single intravenous dose of zoledronic acid 5 mg and (2) usual care (supplementation of calcium and vitamin D only).Primary and secondary outcome measuresIncremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER), as measured by cost per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained.ResultsCompared with usual care, zoledronic acid had an ICER of $207 400 per QALY gained and was not cost-effective at a conventional willingness-to-pay threshold of $100 000 per QALY gained. The results were robust to a reasonable range of assumptions about incidence, mortality, quality-of-life effects and the cost of hip fracture and the cost of zoledronic acid. Zoledronic acid had a potential to become cost-effective if a fracture risk reduction with zoledronic acid was higher than 23% or if 6-month mortality in nursing home residents was lower than 16%. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis showed that the zoledronic acid would be cost-effective in 14%, 27% and 44% of simulations at willingness-to-pay thresholds of $50 000, $100 000 or $200 000 per QALY gained, respectively.ConclusionsRoutine administration of single-dose zoledronic acid in nursing home residents with osteoporosis is not a cost-effective use of resources in the USA but could be justifiable in those with a favourable life expectancy.

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