A Current Understanding of the Behavioral Neuroscience of Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder and Problematic Pornography Use

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 218-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudolf Stark ◽  
Tim Klucken ◽  
Marc N. Potenza ◽  
Matthias Brand ◽  
Jana Strahler
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Behavior Disorder ◽  
Behavioral Neuroscience ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Compulsive Sexual Behavior ◽  
Pornography Use ◽  
A Current

scholarly journals Addiction or Transgression? Moral Incongruence and Self-Reported Problematic Pornography Use in a Nationally Representative Sample

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 936-946 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua B. Grubbs ◽  
Brinna N. Lee ◽  
K. Camille Hoagland ◽  
Shane W. Kraus ◽  
Samuel L. Perry
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Behavior Disorder ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
The United States ◽  
Compulsive Sexual Behavior ◽  
Total N ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Pornography Use ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
New Diagnosis

In the United States, pornography use is common, and it is increasingly a clinical concern under some circumstances. Excessive pornography use may qualify for the new diagnosis of compulsive sexual behavior disorder (CSBD) in the forthcoming 11th version of the International Classification of Diseases. There is also evidence, however, that moral incongruence (i.e., a misalignment of moral beliefs about sexual behavior and actual sexual behavior) may inflate self-reports of problems associated with pornography use. Prior work suggests religiousness may drive such moral incongruence. Using a large sample matched to U.S. representative norms (total: N = 2,519; past-year pornography users: n = 1,424, 66.4% men), we examined the interaction between pornography use and religiousness in predicting self-reported addiction to pornography. Results indicated that religiousness moderated the association between pornography use and self-reported addiction so that, despite a negative association between religiousness and use, at higher levels of religiousness, pornography use was more strongly related to self-reports of addiction.

scholarly journals Addiction or Transgression? Moral Incongruence and Self-Reported Problematic Pornography Use in a Nationally Representative Sample

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua B. Grubbs ◽  
Brinna N. Lee ◽  
Camille Hoagland ◽  
Shane Winfield Kraus ◽  
Samuel Perry
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Behavior Disorder ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Compulsive Sexual Behavior ◽  
Total N ◽  
Moral Beliefs ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Pornography Use ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
New Diagnosis

pornography use may qualify for the new diagnosis of Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder (CSBD) in the forthcoming ICD-11. There is also evidence, however, that moral incongruence (i.e., a misalignment of moral beliefs about sexual behavior and actual sexual behavior) may inflate self-reports of problems associated with pornography use. Prior work suggests religiousness may drive such moral incongruence. Using a large sample matched to U.S. representative norms (Total: N=2,519; past-year pornography users: N=1,424, 66.4% men), the present work examined the interaction between pornography use and religiousness in predicting self-reported addiction to pornography. Results indicated that religiousness moderated the association between pornography use and self-reported addiction so that, despite a negative association between religiousness and use, at higher levels of religiousness, pornography use was more strongly related to self-reports of addiction.

scholarly journals An empirical study of affective and cognitive functions in Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Draps ◽  
Guillaume Sescousse ◽  
Mateusz Wilk ◽  
Katarzyna Obarska ◽  
Izabela Szumska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Behavior Disorder ◽  
Stop Signal Task ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Compulsive Sexual Behavior ◽  
Delay Task ◽  
Sensorimotor Systems ◽  
Punishment Sensitivity ◽  
Positive Valence

AbstractBackground and aimsDespite the inclusion of the Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder (CSBD) in the International Classification of Diseases, very little is known about the underlying affective and cognitive processes. To fill this gap, we compared CSBD subjects and Healthy-Controls (HC) across negative/positive valence, cognitive and sensorimotor systems, as proposed by the Research Domain Criteria framework.Methods74 heterosexual CSBD and 66 matched HC males were studied with 10 questionnaires and 8 behavioral tasks. Analyses were conducted with frequent and Bayesian statistics.ResultsCSBD individuals showed significantly higher (than HC) punishment sensitivity, anxiety, depression, compulsivity, and impulsivity symptoms. Frequentist statistical analysis revealed significant interaction between subject group and condition in Incentive Delay Task, concerning the strength of motivation and hedonic value of erotic rewards. Bayesian analysis produced evidence for the absence of group differences in Facial Discrimination Task, Risk-Ambiguity Task, and Learning Task. Also, Bayesian methods provided evidence for group differences in the Emotional Stroop Task and the Incentive Delay Task. Sexual Discounting Task, Attentional Network Task, and Stop Signal Task produced mixed results.ConclusionsHigher punishment sensitivity and impulsivity among CSBD subjects, along with significant interaction between these groups and erotic vs. non-erotic reward processing is in line with previous findings on negative/positive valence alterations in CSBD patients. This result shows that there are similarities to substance and behavioral addictions. The absence of group differences and mixed results related to cognitive and sensorimotor systems raise concerns to what extent CSBD resembles a wide spectrum of impairments observed in disorders, and demand further research.

scholarly journals Validation of a Brief Pornography Screen across multiple samples

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shane W. Kraus ◽  
Mateusz Gola ◽  
Joshua B. Grubbs ◽  
Ewelina Kowalewska ◽  
Rani A. Hoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Structure ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Behavior Disorder ◽  
Compulsive Sexual Behavior ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Structure Reliability ◽  
Pornography Use ◽  
Item Endorsement ◽  
Multiple Samples

AbstractBackground and AimsTo address current gaps around screening for problematic pornography use (PPU), we initially developed and tested a six-item Brief Pornography Screen (BPS) that asked about PPU in the past six months.Methods and ParticipantsWe recruited five independent samples from the U.S. and Poland to evaluate the psychometric properties of the BPS. In Study 1, we evaluated the factor structure, reliability, and elements of validity using a sample of 224 U.S. veterans. One item from the BPS was dropped in Study 1 due to low item endorsement. In Studies 2 and 3, we further investigated the five-item the factor structure of the BPS and evaluated its reliability and validity in two national U.S. representative samples (N = 1,466, N = 1,063, respectively). In Study 4, we confirmed the factor structure and evaluated its validity and reliability using a sample of 703 Polish adults. In Study 5, we calculated the suggested cut-off score for the screen using a sample of 105 male patients seeking treatment for compulsive sexual behavior disorder (CSBD).ResultsFindings from a principal components analysis and confirmatory factor analysis supported a one-factor solution which yielded high internal consistency (α = 0.89–0.90), and analyses further supported elements of construct, convergent, criterion, and discriminant validity of the newly developed screen. Results from a Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve suggested a cut-off score of four or higher for detecting possible PPU.ConclusionsThe BPS appears to be psychometrically sound, short, and easy to use in various settings with high potential for use in populations across international jurisdictions.

scholarly journals Occurrence and clinical characteristics of Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder (CSBD): A cluster analysis in two independent community samples

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 446-468
Author(s):  
J. Castro-Calvo ◽  
M. D. Gil-Llario ◽  
C. Giménez-García ◽  
B. Gil-Juliá ◽  
R. Ballester-Arnal
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Composite Index ◽  
Behavior Disorder ◽  
Clinical Profile ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Compulsive Sexual Behavior ◽  
Sexual Sensation Seeking ◽  
Data Driven Approach

AbstractBackground and aimsCompulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder (CSBD) is characterized by a persistent failure to control intense and recurrent sexual impulses, urges, and/or thoughts, resulting in repetitive sexual behavior that causes a marked impairment in important areas of functioning. Despite its recent inclusion in the forthcoming ICD-11, concerns regarding its assessment, diagnosis, prevalence or clinical characteristics remain. The purpose of this study was to identify participants displaying CSBD through a novel data-driven approach in two independent samples and outline their sociodemographic, sexual, and clinical profile.MethodsSample 1 included 1,581 university students (females = 56.9%; Mage = 20.58) whereas sample 2 comprised 1,318 community members (females = 43.6%; Mage = 32.37). First, we developed a new composite index to assess the whole range of CSBD symptoms based on three previously validated scales. Based on this new composite index, we subsequently identified individuals with CSBD through a cluster analytic approach.ResultsThe estimated occurrence of CSBD was 10.12% in sample 1 and 7.81% in sample 2. Participants with CSBD were mostly heterosexual males, younger than respondents without CSBD, reported higher levels of sexual sensation seeking and erotophilia, an increased offline and especially online sexual activity, more depressive and anxious symptoms, and poorer self-esteem.ConclusionsThis research provides further evidence on the occurrence of CSBD based on an alternative data-driven approach, as well as a detailed and nuanced description of the sociodemographic, sexual, and clinical profile of adults with this condition. Clinical implications derived from these findings are discussed in detail.

scholarly journals The development of the Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder Scale (CSBD-19): An ICD-11 based screening measure across three languages

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beáta Bőthe ◽  
Marc N. Potenza ◽  
Mark D. Griffiths ◽  
Shane W. Kraus ◽  
Verena Klein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Behavior Disorder ◽  
The United States ◽  
Compulsive Sexual Behavior ◽  
Negative Consequences

AbstractBackgroundCompulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder (CSBD) is included in the eleventh edition of The International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) as an impulse-control disorder.AimsThe aim of the present work was to develop a scale (Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder Scale–CSBD-19) that can reliably and validly assess CSBD based on ICD-11 diagnostic guidelines.MethodFour independent samples of 9,325 individuals completed self-reported measures from three countries (the United States, Hungary, and Germany). The psychometric properties of the CSBD-19 were examined in terms of factor structure, reliability, measurement invariance, and theoretically relevant correlates. A potential threshold was determined to identify individuals with an elevated risk of CSBD.ResultsThe five-factor model of the CSBD-19 (i.e., control, salience, relapse, dissatisfaction, and negative consequences) had an excellent fit to the data and demonstrated appropriate associations with the correlates. Measurement invariance suggested that the CSBD-19 functions similarly across languages. Men had higher means than women. A score of 50 points was found as an optimal threshold to identify individuals at high-risk of CSBD.ConclusionsThe CSBD-19 is a short, valid, and reliable measure of potential CSBD based on ICD-11 diagnostic guidelines. Its use in large-scale, cross-cultural studies may promote the identification and understanding of individuals with a high risk of CSBD.

scholarly journals The Effect of Stress on Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder: Active Coping Strategy and Self-Control as Mediators

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 997-1005
Author(s):  
Jae Woo Park ◽  
Dai Jin Kim ◽  
Mi Hyun Shin
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Coping Strategy ◽  
Behavior Disorder ◽  
Active Coping ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Compulsive Sexual Behavior

Objective The aim of this study was to verify the effects of stress on compulsive sexual behavior disorder and the mediating effects of active coping strategies and self-control.Methods A self-reporting scale was administered to 300 adults aged 20 to 39, and the collected data were analyzed. The measures used for the study included a perceived stress scale, the way of coping checklist, a brief self-control scale, and an online compulsive sexual behavior disorder scale.Results The correlations between stress and active coping strategy, stress and lack of self-control, and lack of self-control and compulsive sexual behavior disorder were -0.18 (p<0.01), 0.38 (p<0.01), and 0.26 (p<0.01), respectively.Conclusion First, stress level was positively correlated with compulsive sexual behavior disorder. Second, self-control completely mediates the relationship between stress and compulsive sexual behavior disorder. Third, self-control and active coping strategies had sequential mediating effects in that order.

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