scholarly journals The Other Shoe: An Early Operant Conditioning Chamber for Pigeons

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takayuki Sakagami ◽  
Kennon A. Lattal
Keyword(s):  
Operant Conditioning ◽  
The Other ◽  
Operant Conditioning Chamber ◽  
Conditioning Chamber

Response Patterning in the Operant-Conditioning Situation with Twenty-Four-Hour Intertrial Interval

1974 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 231-234
Author(s):  
Stephen F. Davis ◽  
Bobby R. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Operant Conditioning ◽  
Intertrial Interval ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Operant Conditioning Chamber ◽  
Single Alternation ◽  
Conditioning Chamber ◽  
Conditioning Situation ◽  
Double Alternation ◽  
Sequential Hypothesis ◽  
Response Patterning

16 female, albino rats served as Ss in an investigation of performance on single and double-alternation sequences of reward-nonreward. Ss were run in an operant conditioning chamber with a 24-hr. intenrial interval. The results indicated that Ss receiving the single-alternation reward-nonreward sequence learned to respond appropriately, i.e., fast on reward days, slow on nonreward days, while Ss run under the double-alternation sequence did not exhibit appropriate responding. The results are seen as being supportive of Capaldi's sequential hypothesis.

Positive Incentive Contrast as a Function of Age and Length of Training in Rats

1977 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 507-511
Author(s):  
Lawrence Weinstein
Keyword(s):  
Operant Conditioning ◽  
Positive Contrast ◽  
Positive Function ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Operant Conditioning Chamber ◽  
Conditioning Chamber ◽  
Contrast Effects ◽  
Incentive Contrast ◽  
Saccharine Solution ◽  
Old Rats

Exp. I demonstrated that positive incentive contrast effects in an operant conditioning chamber produced by an increase in the concentration of a saccharine solution in 30 180-day-old rats (older animals) are not found in 30 25-day-old rats (younger rats). Exp. II indicated that the probability of obtaining positive contrast with 60 male albino rats is a positive function of the length of the preshift period.

Relationships of Awareness to Verbal Learning Efficiency and Meaning Change

1966 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 875-883 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. William Miller
Keyword(s):  
Classical Conditioning ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Operant Conditioning ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
The Other ◽  
Response Frequency ◽  
Learning Efficiency ◽  
Meaning Change ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Verbal Operant

The general relationship of awareness to learning efficiency was investigated in a 2 × 2 factorial design with 20 Ss in each of four groups. Classical conditioning of meaning and verbal operant conditioning procedures were studied under two sets of instructions: one stated vague experimental purposes and the other, exact purposes. Ss' awareness of experimental procedures and purposes was measured Results indicated that with both classical and operant conditioning change in meaning occurred without awareness by Ss. A classical conditioning explanation of change in meaning was supported, but an operant conditioning explanation of change in terms of response frequency was not strengthened.

A Comparison of Audiometric Test Methods for 2-Year-Old Children

1989 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Thompson ◽  
Gary Thompson ◽  
Susan Vethivelu
Keyword(s):  
Operant Conditioning ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
The Other ◽  
Visual Reinforcement ◽  
Audiometric Test

Visual reinforcement audiometry (VRA), visual reinforcement operant conditioning audiometry (VROCA), and play audiometry were compared in terms of conditionability and number of responses obtained prior to habituation on normal 2-year-old (24–27 months) children. Results indicated that a higher percentage of children could be conditioned to VRA than to either VROCA or play audiometry. Results also indicated that for children who could be conditioned, the play audiometry group showed more responses prior to habituation than were obtained from the other two groups.

Operant conditioning of heart rate in curarized rats: hemodynamic changes

1975 ◽  
Vol 228 (3) ◽  
pp. 870-874 ◽  
Author(s):  
JA Gliner ◽  
SM Horvath ◽  
RR Wolfe
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Operant Conditioning ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Physiological Effects ◽  
Hemodynamic Changes ◽  
Heart Rate Conditioning

Three groups of curarized rats were subjected to operant heart rate conditioning with use of a shock-avoidance procedure while cardiac output, mean arterial pressure, and total peripheral resistance were measured. Heart rate changes in the control group remained constant during the entire 90-min experimental period, while cardiac output decreased significantly. Those rats that were reinforced for increasing their heart rate had a small but statistically significant increase in heart rate, but cardiac output decreased to approximately the same extent as in the control group. The group reinforced for decreasing their heart rate demonstrated a large, significant decrease in heart rate and an even larger drop in cardiac output, which was significantly greater than that of either of the other two groups. Operant conditioning of a single facet of the cardiovascular system resulted in significantly larger changes in other cardiovascular parameters, which may have been partly masked by the physiological effects of d-tubocurarine. Therefore, only when these other measures of cardiovascular function are taken into consideration can interpretation of operant heart rate conditioning become meaningful.

scholarly journals Enhancing the Effects of Neurofeedback Training: The Motivational Value of the Reinforcers

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 457
Author(s):  
Rubén Pérez-Elvira ◽  
Javier Oltra-Cucarella ◽  
José Antonio Carrobles ◽  
Jorge Moltó ◽  
Mercedes Flórez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Operant Conditioning ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Neurofeedback Training ◽  
Adequate Response ◽  
Sensorimotor Rhythm ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Informational Value

The brain activity that is measured by electroencephalography (EEG) can be modified through operant conditioning, specifically using neurofeedback (NF). NF has been applied to several disorders claiming that a change in the erratic brain activity would be accompanied by a reduction of the symptoms. However, the expected results are not always achieved. Some authors have suggested that the lack of an adequate response may be due to an incorrect application of the operant conditioning principles. A key factor in operant conditioning is the use of reinforcers and their value in modifying behavior, something that is not always sufficiently taken into account. This work aims to clarify the relevance of the motivational value versus the purely informational value of the reinforcer. In this study, 113 subjects were randomly assigned two different reinforcer conditions: a selected reinforcer—the subjects subjectively selected the reinforcers—or an imposed reinforcer—the reinforcers were assigned by the experimenter—and both groups undertook NF sessions to enhance the sensorimotor rhythm (SMR). In addition, the selected reinforcer group was divided into two subgroups: one receiving real NF and the other one sham NF. There were no significant differences between the groups at baseline in terms of SMR amplitude. After the intervention, only those subjects belonging to the selected reinforcer group and receiving real NF increased their SMR. Our results provide evidence for the importance of the motivational value of the reinforcer in Neurofeedback success.

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