scholarly journals Ultra-Stable and Durable Piezoelectric Nanogenerator with All-Weather Service Capability Based on N Doped 4H-SiC Nanohole Arrays

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Linlin Zhou ◽  
Laipan Zhu ◽  
Tao Yang ◽  
Xinmei Hou ◽  
Zhengtao Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Finite Element Method Simulation ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Nanowire Arrays ◽  
Nanohole Arrays ◽  
Service Capability ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Piezoelectric Performance ◽  
Weather Service

AbstractUltra-stable piezoelectric nanogenerator (PENG) driven by environmental actuation sources with all-weather service capability is highly desirable. Here, the PENG based on N doped 4H-SiC nanohole arrays (NHAs) is proposed to harvest ambient energy under low/high temperature and relative humidity (RH) conditions. Finite element method simulation of N doped 4H-SiC NHAs in compression mode is developed to evaluate the relationship between nanohole diameter and piezoelectric performance. The density of short circuit current of the assembled PENG reaches 313 nA cm−2, which is 1.57 times the output of PENG based on N doped 4H-SiC nanowire arrays. The enhancement can be attributed to the existence of nanohole sidewalls in NHAs. All-weather service capability of the PENG is verified after being treated at -80/80 ℃ and 0%/100% RH for 50 days. The PENG is promising to be widely used in practice worldwide to harvest biomechanical energy and mechanical energy.

scholarly journals Sodium Movement across Single Perfused Proximal Tubules of Rat Kidneys

1964 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 1175-1194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerhard Giebisch ◽  
Ruth M. Klose ◽  
Gerhard Malnic ◽  
W. James Sullivan ◽  
Erich E. Windhager
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Gradient ◽  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Water Movement ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Colloid Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Concentration Difference ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Osmotic Pressure Gradient

Using perfusion techniques in single proximal tubule segments of rat kidney, the relationship between net sodium movement and active transport of ions, as measured by the short-circuit method, has been studied. In addition, the role of the colloid-osmotic pressure gradient in proximal transtubular fluid and sodium movement has been considered. Furthermore, the limiting concentration gradient against which sodium movement can occur and the relationship between intratubular sodium concentration and fluid transfer have been investigated. Comparison of the short-circuit current with the reabsorptive movement of sodium ions indicates that this process is largely, perhaps exclusively, active in nature. No measurable contribution of the normally existing colloid-osmotic pressure gradient to transtubular water movement was detected. On the other hand, fluid movement across the proximal tubular epithelium is dependent upon the transtubular sodium gradient and is abolished when a mean concentration difference of 50 mEq/liter is exceeded.

scholarly journals Energetics of Sodium Transport in Frog Skin

1972 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. L. Vieira ◽  
S. R. Caplan ◽  
A. Essig
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Sodium Transport ◽  
Frog Skin ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Stoichiometric Ratio ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Solution Bathing ◽  
The Relationship

Sodium transport and oxygen consumption were studied simultaneously in the short-circuited frog skin. Sodium transport was evaluated from Io/F, where Io is the short-circuit current measured with standard Ringer's solution bathing each surface and F is the Faraday constant. Oxygen tension was measured polarographically. Under a variety of circumstances the rate of oxygen consumption from the outer solution exceeded that from the inner solution, the ratio being constant (0.57 ± 0.09 SD). Both Io and the associated rate of oxygen consumption Jro declined nonlinearly with time, but the relationship between them was linear, suggesting that the basal oxygen consumption was constant. For each skin numerous experimental points were fitted by the best straight line. The intercept (Jro)Io=0 then gave the basal oxygen consumption, and the slope dNa/dO2 gave an apparent stoichiometric ratio for a given skin. The basal oxygen consumption was about one-half the total oxygen consumption in a representative untreated short-circuited skin. Values of dNa/dO2 in 10 skins varied significantly, ranging from 7.1 to 30.9 (as compared with Zerahn's and Leaf and Renshaw's values of about 18). KCN abolished both Io and Jro. 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) depressed Io while increasing Jro four- to fivefold. Anti-diuretic hormone stimulated and ouabain depressed both Io and Jro; in both cases apparent stoichiometric ratios were preserved.

scholarly journals Mechanical-Stress Analytical Modeling for the Design of Coils in Power Applications

2014 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 579-590
Author(s):  
D. Bellan
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Mechanical Stress ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Geometrical Parameters ◽  
Electrical Power Systems ◽  
Inrush Currents ◽  
Current Flows ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Modern electrical-power systems are often exploited for transmitting high-frequency carrier signals for communications purposes. Series-connected air-core coils represent the fundamental component allowing such applications by providing a proper filtering in the frequency domain. They must be designed, however, to withstand also the line short-circuit current. When a high-magnitude current flows through a coil, strong mechanical stresses are produced within the conductor, leading to possible damage of the coil. In this paper, an approximate analytical model is derived for the relationship between the maximum mechanical stress and the electrical/geometrical parameters of the coil. Such a model provides the guidelines for a fast and safe coil design, whereas numerical simulations are only needed for the design refinement. The presented approach can be extended to other applications such as, for example, the mechanical stress resulting from the inrush currents in the coils of power transformers.

Studies on Locust Rectum: I. Stimulants of Electrogenic Ion Transport

1980 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-223
Author(s):  
J. H. SPRING ◽  
J. E. PHILLIPS
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Lag Time ◽  
Camp Concentration ◽  
Maximum Increase ◽  
Electrogenic Ion Transport ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Stimulation Of

1. Homogenates of whole corpora cardiaca (CC) cause increases in the short-circuit current (Isc) and transepithelial electropotential difference (PD) across locust recta of 3-fold and 1.7-fold respectively, in comparison with the values for unstimulated steady-state recta. Maximum stimulation restores rectal ISC and PD to levels observed immediately after removing this organ from animals. 2. Cyclic-AMP causes a similar maximum increase in ISC and PD; however, the response exhibits a much shorter lag time and a faster rate of rise than is observed for stimulation with CC. 3. The addition of CC to the haemocoel side of everted rectal sacs caused whole tissue levels of cAMP in this organ to increase 3-fold. 4. The relationship between the logarithm of CC or cAMP concentration and the increase in ISC is linear, and the decline in ΔISC with time is also dosedependent. 5. Small maximum increases in ISC are caused by homogenates of ventral ganglia, whole brain and rectal tissue, but the concentration of the stimulatory activity in these locust tissues is clearly three orders of magnitude lower than in CC. 6. Inhibitors of HCO3—/H+ and Cl− transport in vertebrate systems, acetazolamide and thiocyanate, do not inhibit the stimulation of recta by CC or cAMP.

The modulation of bulk-organic solar cells: the effect of serial and parallel resistances and the relationship with the microscopic morphology

2011 ◽  
Vol 1359 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.J. Trindade ◽  
M.G. Santos ◽  
J. Gomes ◽  
L. Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Organic Solar Cells ◽  
Bulk Heterojunction ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Relevant Parameter ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Microscopic Morphology ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACTThis work shows the relationship between the morphology (studied by AFM) of an active bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) layer composed by MEH-PPV (poly(2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene) and PCBM ([6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester) and the respective photovoltaic figures of merit. It is observed that the most relevant parameter (influencing the efficiency) is the fill-factor (FF), as both the open circuit voltage and short circuit current are not significantly affected by the microscopic morphology. Different local conformation of the active films can change the FF from near 25% to more than 65%, having a strong impact in the efficiency. These results were modulated by an equivalent circuit. Serial and parallel resistances were related with the physical behavior of the organic cells. These were observed to have a direct relationship with the achieved morphology.

L-glutamine with D-glucose stimulates oxidative metabolism and NaCl absorption in piglet jejunum

1992 ◽  
Vol 263 (6) ◽  
pp. G960-G966 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Rhoads ◽  
E. O. Keku ◽  
J. P. Woodard ◽  
S. I. Bangdiwala ◽  
J. G. Lecce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Metabolism ◽  
Carbonic Acid ◽  
Apical Membrane ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Glutamine Metabolism ◽  
Nacl Absorption ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Stimulation Of

To explore the relationship between intestinal fluid absorption and oxidative metabolism, we measured the effects of amino acids and glucose on piglet jejunal ion transport and oxygen consumption (QO2) in vitro. Jejunal QO2 was stimulated by L-glutamine and D-glucose but not by the nonmetabolizable organic solutes methyl beta-D-glucoside or L-phenylalanine. QO2 was maximally enhanced by the combination of D-glucose and L-glutamine (5 mM). Even though 5 mM L-glutamine was previously found to be insufficient to stimulate NaCl absorption, 5 mM L-glutamine enhanced jejunal NaCl flux when combined with equimolar mucosal D-glucose. Either D-glucose or methyl beta-D-glucoside caused an increase in short-circuit current (Isc), an increase in Na+ absorption in excess of Isc, and a decrease in Cl- secretion, when L-glutamine was substituted for D-glucose (10 mM) on the serosal side. This relationship suggests that mucosal sugars, if combined with L-glutamine, enhance neutral NaCl absorption as well as electrogenic Na+ flow. (Aminooxy)acetate, an inhibitor of alanine aminotransferase, abolished the stimulation of QO2 and the NaCl-absorptive response to L-glutamine. We conclude that the oxidative metabolism fueled by L-glutamine is linked to a NaCl-absorptive mechanism in the intestine. We propose that the CO2 produced by glutamine metabolism yields carbonic acid, which dissociates to H+ and HCO3-, which may stimulate parallel antiports in the apical membrane.

scholarly journals Omni-directional wind-driven triboelectric nanogenerator with cross-shaped dielectric film

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoseop Shin ◽  
Sungjun Cho ◽  
Sejin Han ◽  
Gun Young Jung
Keyword(s):  
Wind Energy ◽  
Dielectric Film ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Dielectric Films ◽  
Triboelectric Nanogenerator ◽  
External Power ◽  
Triboelectric Nanogenerators

AbstractTriboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are actively being researched and developed to become a new external power unit for various electronics and applications. Wind is proposed as a mechanical energy source to flutter the dielectric film in wind-driven TENGs as it is clean, abundant, ubiquitous, and sustainable. Herein, we propose a TENG structure with dielectric films bent in four directions to collect the wind energy supply from all directions, unlike the conventional wind-driven TENGs which can only harvest the wind energy from one direction. Aluminum (Al) layer was intercalated within the dielectric film to improve electrostatic induction, resulting in improved triboelectric performances. Maximum open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 233 V, short-circuit current (Isc) of 348 µA, and output power density of 46.1 W m− 2 at an external load of 1 MΩ under a wind speed of 9 m s− 1 were revealed, and it faithfully lit “LED” characters composed of 25 LEDs.

scholarly journals Lead-Free Bi3.15Nd0.85Ti3O12 Nanoplates Filler-Elastomeric Polymer Composite Films for Flexible Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting

Micromachines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 966
Author(s):  
Wancheng Qin ◽  
Peng Zhou ◽  
Yajun Qi ◽  
Tianjin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Composite Films ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Lead Free ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting ◽  
Wearable Electronics ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy

Nowadays, wearable and flexible nanogenerators are of great importance for portable personal electronics. A flexible piezoelectric energy harvester (f-PEH) based on Bi3.15Nd0.85Ti3O12 single crystalline nanoplates (BNdT NPs) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) elastomeric polymer was fabricated, and high piezoelectric energy harvesting performance was achieved. The piezoelectric output performance is highly dependent on the mass ratio of the BNdT NPs in the PDMS matrix. The as-prepared f-PEH with 12.5 wt% BNdT NPs presents the highest output voltage of 10 V, a peak-peak short-circuit current of 1 μA, and a power of 1.92 μW under tapping mode of 6.5 N at 2.7 Hz, which can light up four commercial light emitting diodes without the energy storage process. The f-PEHs can be used to harvest daily life energy and generate a voltage of 2–6 V in harvesting the mechanical energy of mouse clicking or foot stepping. These results demonstrate the potential application of the lead-free BNdT NPs based f-PEHs in powering wearable electronics

scholarly journals Absorption of Light in Finite Semiconductor Nanowire Arrays and the Effect of Missing Nanowires

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1654
Author(s):  
Nicklas Anttu
Keyword(s):  
Short Circuit ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Nanowire Arrays ◽  
Semiconductor Nanowire ◽  
Enhanced Absorption ◽  
Absorption Of Light ◽  
Localized Defects ◽  
Infinite Array ◽  
Square Array ◽  
Finite Extent

When modelling the absorption in semiconductor nanowire (NW) arrays for solar cell and photodetector applications, the array is typically assumed to be infinitely periodic such that a single unit cell suffices for the simulations. However, any actual array is of a finite extent and might also show varying types of localized defects such as missing or electrically non-contacted individual NWs. Here, we study InP NWs of 2000 nm in length and 180 nm in diameter, placed in a square array of 400 nm in period, giving a rather optimized absorption of sunlight. We show that the absorption in the center NW of a finite N × N array converges already at N = 5 close to the value found for the corresponding infinite array. Furthermore, we show that a missing NW causes an enhanced absorption in neighboring nanowires, which compensates for 77% of the absorption loss due to the missing NW. In other words, an electrically non-contacted NW, which absorbs light but cannot contribute to the external short-circuit current, is a four times worse defect than a missing NW.

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