Ternary Diagram for Visualizing Epidemic Progression

It has been recently demonstrated that yttrium oxyhydride(YHO) films can exhibit reversible photochromic properties when exposed to illumination at ambient conditions. This switchable optical propertyenables their utilization in many technological applications, such as smart windows, sensors, goggles, medical devices, etc. However, how the composition of the films affects their optical properties is not fully clear and therefore demands a straightforward investigation. In this work, the composition of YHO films manufactured by reactive magnetron sputtering under different conditions is deduced in a ternary diagram from Time-of-Flight Elastic Recoil Detection Analysis (ToF-ERDA). The results suggest that stable compounds are formed with a specificchemical formula – YH<sub>2-δ</sub>O<sub>δ</sub>. In addition, optical and electrical properties of the films are investigated, and a correlation with their compositions is established. The corresponding photochromic response is found in a specific oxygen concentration range (0.45 < δ < 1.5) with maximum and minimum of magnitude on the lower and higher border, respectively.

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Layer thickness optimization of ceramic composite for body armor by considering volume, weight, and cost

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part C Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science ◽

10.1177/09544062211015791 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 095440622110157

Author(s):

Yuksel Palaci ◽

Mustafa M Arikan

Keyword(s):

Silicon Nitride ◽

Boron Carbide ◽

Layer Thickness ◽

Ceramic Composite ◽

Material Selection ◽

Composite Layer ◽

Ceramic Materials ◽

Ternary Diagram ◽

Body Armor ◽

Volume Weight

This study investigates visualization of optimized layer thickness with a ternary diagram by considering Volume, Weight, and Cost priorities to determine the composite structure of alternative ceramics to use in body armor application by using the Digital Logic Method (DLM). Three criterion priorities (volume, weight, cost) have been investigated to help designers decide on optimum ceramic material for their applications. Alumina (Al2O3), silicon carbide (SiC), silicon nitride (Si3N4), and boron carbide (B4C) were analyzed and ranked to decide for material selection based on priorities. The analysis results showed that silicon nitride (Si3N4) had the maximum performance index (PI) point (80.0) based on the volume priority. On the other hand, while boron carbide (B4C) had the maximum PI point (76.4) in terms of the weight priority, alumina (Al2O3) was determined to be the best material according to the cost priority. PI point of alumina (Al2O3) was calculated as 100. A ternary diagram was developed for decision-makers to visualize material selection performances. The optimization of the ceramic composite layer thickness of the alternative ceramic materials is visualized by considering three criteria.

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A Ternary Map of Ni–Mn–Ga Heusler Alloys from Ab Initio Calculations

Metals ◽

10.3390/met11060973 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 973

Author(s):

Yulia Sokolovskaya ◽

Olga Miroshkina ◽

Danil Baigutlin ◽

Vladimir Sokolovskiy ◽

Mikhail Zagrebin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

First Principles ◽

Predictive Power ◽

Computational Study ◽

Heusler Alloys ◽

Functional Materials ◽

Ternary Diagram ◽

Compositional Stability ◽

Theoretical Predictions ◽

Simultaneous Stability ◽

Tetragonal Martensite

In the search for new magnetic functional materials, non-stoichiometric compounds remain a relatively unexplored territory. While experimentalists create new compositions looking for improved functional properties, their work is not guided by systematic theoretical predictions. Being designed for perfect periodic crystals, the majority of first-principles approaches struggle with the concept of a non-stoichiometric system. In this work, we attempt a systematic computational study of magnetic and structural properties of Ni–Mn–Ga, mapped onto ternary composition diagrams. Compositional stability was examined using the convex hull analysis. We show that the cubic austenite has its stability region close to the stoichiometric Ni2MnGa, in agreement with experimental data, while the tetragonal martensite spreads its stability over a wider range of Mn and Ni contents. The unstable compositions in both austenite and martensite states are located in the Ga-rich corner of the ternary diagram. We note that simultaneous stability of the austenite and martensite should be considered for potentially stable compounds suitable for synthesis. The majority of compounds are predicted to be ferrimagnetically ordered in both austenitic and martensitic states. The methodology used in this work is computationally tractable, yet it delivers some predictive power. For experimentalists who plan to synthesize stable Ni–Mn–Ga compounds with ferromagnetic order, we narrow the target compositional range substantially.

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Perfume and Flavor Engineering: A Chemical Engineering Perspective

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26113095 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (11) ◽

pp. 3095

Author(s):

Alírio E. Rodrigues ◽

Idelfonso Nogueira ◽

Rui P.V. Faria

Keyword(s):

Diffusion Model ◽

Chemical Engineering ◽

Reaction Engineering ◽

Ternary Diagram ◽

Future Research ◽

Performance Parameters ◽

Liquid Equilibrium ◽

Research Directions ◽

Future Research Directions

In the last two decades, scientific methodologies for the prediction of the design, performance and classification of fragrance mixtures have been developed at the Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering. This review intends to give an overview of such developments. It all started with the question: what do we smell? The Perfumery Ternary Diagram enables us to determine the dominant odor for each perfume composition. Evaporation and 1D diffusion model is analyzed based on vapor-liquid equilibrium and Fick’s law for diffusion giving access to perfume performance parameters. The effect of matrix and skin is addressed and the trail of perfumes analyzed. Classification of perfumes with the perfumery radar is discussed. The methodology is extended to flavor and taste engineering. Finally, future research directions are suggested.

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Improving the Quality of the Coating at Hot-Dip Galvanizing of Machine Steels in the Zinc Melt with Microadditives of Nickel

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.685.380 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 685 ◽

pp. 380-384 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Olga S. Bondareva ◽

Alexey A. Melnikov

Keyword(s):

Elemental Composition ◽

Zinc Coating ◽

Ternary Diagram ◽

Nickel Concentration ◽

Mechanism Of Formation

The technology of microalloying zinc melt by nickel is widely used to control the thickness of the zinc coating when the machine steels are subject to hot-dip galvanization. However, in some cases inclusions of Ni-Zn-Fe dross are formed on surface of the products, which leads to their deterioration. The aim of this work is to investigate the microstructure, mechanism of formation and elemental composition of this dross. Conditions for the formation of different phases in the coating were analyzed using Ni-Zn-Fe ternary diagram. It was found that Ni-Zn-Fe dross is a ζ-phase containing about 0.5 at. % nickel and isomorphic with FeZn13-phase. The main reasons for the formation of Ni-Zn-Fe dross are Zn-Fe contamination in the melt, the excess nickel concentration (more than 0.06 at.%), and the irregular nickel concentration in the melt. Methods for preventing this type of defects in hot-dip galvanization have been proposed.

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Neem Oil as Natural Pesticide: Pseudo Ternary Diagram and Computational study

Journal of the Indian Chemical Society ◽

10.1016/j.jics.2021.100088 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 100088

Author(s):

S. Ghosh ◽

Suraj N. Mali ◽

D.N. Bhowmick ◽

Amit P. Pratap

Keyword(s):

Computational Study ◽

Ternary Diagram ◽

Neem Oil ◽

Natural Pesticide

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Using a Ternary Diagram to Display a System's Evolving Energy Distribution

The Physics Teacher ◽

10.1119/1.4944360 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 54 (4) ◽

pp. 216-219 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Bob Brazzle ◽

Anne Tapp

Keyword(s):

Energy Distribution ◽

Ternary Diagram

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Thermoplastic Starch-Glycerol-Lignosulfonate Blends: Mixtures of Thermally Molded Blends Studied in a Ternary Diagram

Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials ◽

10.1177/0892705709353721 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 23 (5) ◽

pp. 699-716 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

L.C. Morais ◽

N. Consolin-Filho ◽

R.A. Sartori ◽

E.S. Cadaxo-Sobrinho ◽

T.M.H. Souza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thermoplastic Starch ◽

Ternary Diagram

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Ternary Phase Formation in 95Pb-5Sn Flip-Chip Solder Bonds

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-323-131 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 323 ◽

Author(s):

Alan J. Mockler ◽

Peter J. Goodhew ◽

Elizabeth A. Logan

Keyword(s):

Heat Treatment ◽

Solid State ◽

Ternary Phase ◽

Flip Chip ◽

Phase Distribution ◽

Intermetallic Phases ◽

Ternary Diagram ◽

Solid State Diffusion ◽

Analysis Techniques ◽

State Diffusion

AbstractThe microstructure of 95Pb-5Sn flip-chip solder bonds deposited on Cr/Cu/Au metallisation pads has been studied using both light and electron analysis techniques. The presence of Sn-Cu- Au ternary intermetallic phases was detected within the Pb-rich matrix at significant distances from the originally deposited interface. The distribution of the phases present after the solder has undergone a reflow heat treatment can be interpreted using recent equilibrium ternary diagram data. An investigation was also made into the effects of various non-reflow heat treatments at carefully chosen temperatures, to qualitatively evaluate the extent of solid state diffusion and the resultant phase distribution.

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