Host fitness of different aphid species for Diaeretiella rapae (M’Intosh): a life table approach

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shabistana Nisar ◽  
Parvez Qamar Rizvi
Keyword(s):  
Life Table ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Diaeretiella Rapae ◽  
Host Fitness

scholarly journals Hymenopteran Parasitoids of Aphid Pests within Australian Grain Production Landscapes

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Samantha E. Ward ◽  
Paul A. Umina ◽  
Sarina Macfadyen ◽  
Ary A. Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Aphid Species ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Diaeretiella Rapae ◽  
Field Variation ◽  
Grain Crops ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Crop Type ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Crop Growth Stage ◽  
Hymenopteran Parasitoids

In grain crops, aphids are important pests, but they can be suppressed by hymenopteran parasitoids. A challenge in incorporating parasitoids into Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programs, however, is that parasitoid numbers can be low during periods within the season when aphids are most damaging. Understanding the population dynamics of key aphid species and their parasitoids is central to ameliorating this problem. To examine the composition and seasonal trends of both aphid and parasitoid populations in south-eastern Australia, samples were taken throughout the winter growing seasons of 2017 and 2018 in 28 fields of wheat and canola. Myzus persicae (Sulzer) was the most abundant aphid species, particularly within canola crops. Across all fields, aphid populations remained relatively low during the early stages of crop growth and increased as the season progressed. Seasonal patterns were consistent across sites, due to climate, crop growth stage, and interactions between these factors. For canola, field edges did not appear to act as reservoirs for either aphids or parasitoids, as there was little overlap in the community composition of either, but for wheat there was much similarity. This is likely due to the presence of similar host plants within field edges and the neighbouring crop, enabling the same aphid species to persist within both areas. Diaeretiella rapae (M’Intosh) was the most common parasitoid across our study, particularly in canola, yet was present only in low abundance at field edges. The most common parasitoid in wheat fields was Aphidius matricariae (Haliday), with field edges likely acting as a reservoir for this species. Secondary parasitoid numbers were consistently low across our study. Differences in parasitoid species composition are discussed in relation to crop type, inter-field variation, and aphid host. The results highlight potential focal management areas and parasitoids that could help control aphid pests within grain crops.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of the demographic parameters of seven spotted ladybird beetle (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) reared on various host aphid species

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e8313
Author(s):  
Muhammad Farooq ◽  
Xun Zhu ◽  
Muhammad Shakeel ◽  
Ayesha Iftikhar ◽  
Muhammad Rafiq Shahid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Table ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Demographic Parameters ◽  
Population Parameters ◽  
Ladybird Beetle ◽  
Preoviposition Period ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Lady Beetles ◽  
Host Aphid

Background The demographic parameters of the predacious seven spotted ladybird beetle Coccinella septempunctata Linnaeus (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) reared on the following four host aphid species were compared: Rhopalosiphum padi Linnaeus (Hemiptera: Aphididae), Rhopalosiphum maidis Fitch (Hemiptera: Aphididae), Sitobion avenae Fabricius (Hemiptera: Aphididae), and Schizaphis graminum Rondani (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Methods The developmental period, fecundity, adult preoviposition period, total preoviposition period and population parameters were evaluated based on the two-sex age-stage life table. The duration of the developmental stages and the population parameters were calculated with the TWOSEX-MSChart program, whereas population size was projected based on the two-sex age-stage life table data with the TIMING-MSChart program. Results The intrinsic rate of increase (r) was the highest in the R. padi predators (0.1946 per day), followed by the S. graminum (0.1435 per day), S. avenae (0.1400 per day), and R. maidis (0.1180 per day) predators. The differences in the net reproductive rate (R0) and the finite rate of increase (λ) when C. septempunctata was reared on the four aphid species were consistent with the r values. This trend was reversed for the mean generation time (T), which ranged from 29.02 days for the lady beetles reared on R. padi to 39.75 days for the lady beetles reared on R. maidis. Interestingly, R. padi was the most suitable host, while the congeneric R. maidis was the least suitable. The results of this study may be useful for future investigations regarding the ecological effects of predatory species and the mass-production of C. septempunctata in the laboratory for an augmentative release of an aphid predator.

HOST SPECIES EFFECTS ON PARASITIZATION BY A SYRIAN POPULATION OF DIAERETIELLA RAPAE M’INTOSH (HYMENOPTERA: APHIDIIDAE)

1994 ◽  
Vol 126 (6) ◽  
pp. 1515-1517 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.C. Elliott ◽  
B.W. French ◽  
D.K. Reed ◽  
J.D. Burd ◽  
S.D. Kindler
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Classical Biological Control ◽  
The United States ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Diaeretiella Rapae ◽  
Alternative Hosts ◽  
Classical Biocontrol ◽  
Control Knowledge

Diaeretiella rapae M'Intosh is a cosmopolitan parasitoid of several pest aphid species in agroecosystems, including the Russian what aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko) (Mackauer and Stary 1967). In recent years, D. rapae has been imported into the United States from regions throughout the world for D. noxia classical biological control. Knowledge of the alternative hosts of D. rapae could be useful for identifying ecosystems into which the parasitoid could be released at times when D. noxia is absent. Over 30 aphid species are listed as hosts of D. rapae (Mackauer and Stary 1967). This host list, though comprehensive, is a compilation of information gathered from diverse, mostly unrelated sources, and does not necessarily depict the host range of any particular population. Host range differs among populations of some aphidiid species collected from different regions or from different hosts in the same region (Powell 1986). Thus, published host lists can be misleading if they are the sole source of information used to determine acceptable alternative hosts on which to release prospective candidates in classical biocontrol programs. The purpose of this study was to determine the relative suitability of several aphid species common to agricultural and associated non-agricultural ecosystems in the Great Plains as hosts for this Syrian D. rapae isolate in laboratory no-choice tests.

scholarly journals Development of the Parasitoid Diaeretiella rapae (M’intosh) Reared on Certain Aphid Species in Relation to Heat Unit Requirement

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 319-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.A.A. Saleh ◽  
Sh. A.M. Ali ◽  
A.A. Abd-Elsame ◽  
A.A.A. El-Sayed
Keyword(s):  
Aphid Species ◽  
Diaeretiella Rapae ◽  
Heat Unit

Host stage preference and performance of the aphid parasitoid Diaeretiella rapae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) on Brevicoryne brassicae and Lipaphis pseudobrassicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (01) ◽  
pp. 10-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia W.R. Khakasa ◽  
Samira A. Mohamed ◽  
Zipporah O. Lagat ◽  
Fathiya M. Khamis ◽  
Chrysantus M. Tanga
Keyword(s):  
Host Species ◽  
Oviposition Preference ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Brevicoryne Brassicae ◽  
Diaeretiella Rapae ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Aphid Parasitoid ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Host Stage ◽  
And Performance

We assessed the host stage preference and performance of the aphid parasitoidDiaeretiella rapae(McIntosh) on two aphid species,Brevicoryne brassicae(L.) andLipaphis pseudobrassicae(Davis). Although the parasitoid parasitized all nymphal instars of both aphid species, it showed a higher oviposition preference for 2nd (48.2 ± 7.74%) and 3rd (41.0 ± 7.82%) instars ofL. pseudobrassicae, and for the 3rd (40.0 ± 4.59%) instar ofB. brassicae. Across the host species, there was no significant difference in parasitoid preference between the 3rd and 4th instars, while 1st and 2nd instars ofL. pseudobrassicaewere significantly more preferred than their counterparts (B. brassicae). Days to mummification among different instars of the same host was not significantly different when the parasitoid was reared onB. brassicae, whereas this was highest on the 2nd, 3rd and 4th instars ofL. pseudobrassicae. Number of mummies was also significantly different among the nymphal instars of both host species and between the two host species for the 1st and 2nd instars. In terms of body size, femaleD. rapaereared onL. pseudobrassicaewere significantly larger than those reared onB. brassicae. We discuss the findings in the context of laboratory mass rearing ofD. rapaeand its potential as a biological control agent for both aphid pest species.

scholarly journals Life table and demographic parameters of the coccinellid predatory species, Hippodamia convergens Guérin-Méneville (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) when fed on two aphid species

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Arshad ◽  
Muhammad Irfan Ullah ◽  
Umair Shahid ◽  
Muhammad Tahir ◽  
Malik Imran Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Table ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Lipaphis Erysimi ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Demographic Parameters ◽  
Hippodamia Convergens ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Rate Of Increase

Abstract The study aimed to determine the effect of two aphid species; Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach) and Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on life table and demographic parameters of Hippodamia convergens Gu`erin-M´eneville (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). The developmental period of all life stages of H. convergens was shorter when fed on L. erysimi. Net reproductive rate (Ro) was higher (159.85 offspring/individual) on L. erysimi, while it was 87.85 offspring/individual on A. gossypii. Mean generation time (T) was shorter (30.49 d) on L. erysimi than on A. gossypii (45.1 days). Values of the intrinsic rate of increase (r) and finite rate of increase (λ) were calculated as 0.166 days−1 and 1.181 days−1, respectively, on L. erysimi that were higher than on A. gossypii (0.099 days−1 and 1.104 days−1, respectively). Similarly, the survival rate was also higher when the predator was fed on L. erysimi. Overall, the findings suggest using L. erysimi as a better source of prey than A. gossypii for rearing H. convergens.

‘Bottom-up’ effects in a tritrophic plant–aphid–parasitoid system: Why being the perfect host can have its disadvantages

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (6) ◽  
pp. 831-839
Author(s):  
M. Mehrparvar ◽  
A. Rajaei ◽  
M. Rokni ◽  
A. Balog ◽  
H.D. Loxdale
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Context Dependency ◽  
Diaeretiella Rapae ◽  
Host Specialization ◽  
Aphid Parasitoid ◽  
Cabbage Aphid ◽  
Genotype Effect

AbstractIn this study the host plant genotype effect on cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae (L.)(Hemiptera: Aphididae) preference and performance, the effect of aphid genotype on parasitoids performance, as well as the indirect effects of plant genotypes on aphid parasitoid performance, were tested using different population samples of the aphid and its primary endoparasitoid wasp, Diaeretiella rapae (M'Intosh) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Experiments were run as fully-factorial randomized block design in a greenhouse. Accordingly, host plant cultivar had significant effects on the total number of aphids and aphid-load whilst the fitness of the aphid genotypes were also influenced by plant cultivar. The effect of parasitism on cabbage aphids was significantly different between plant cultivars. Overall, the results revealed that cabbage aphid is under different selective pressures arising from both higher (parasitoid) and lower (host plant cultivar) trophic levels. The host plant cultivar had a significant effect on both aphid fitness and parasitism rate on particular aphid genotypes. This indicates that host-plant-adapted aphid species can create much context-dependency in the nature and strength of ‘fitness benefits parasitism’, which may in turn alter the costs and benefits of host specialization.

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