scholarly journals Ecological risk of heavy metal in agricultural soil and transfer to rice grains

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Upoma Mahmud ◽  
Md. Tareq Bin Salam ◽  
Abu Shamim Khan ◽  
Md. Mizanur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Transfer Factor ◽  
Agricultural Soil ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
The Body ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Soil Extracts

AbstractHigher accumulation of heavy metals in food grains is one of the leading problems for carcinogenic effects in the body. That’s why; scientists have taken this problem as a potential indicator for ensuring safe food. The present study was carried out to assess the ecological risk of heavy metals such as nickel, copper, arsenic, lead, and manganese in agricultural soil and transfer status to rice grain. Soil samples were collected from four agricultural fields at different times in the Dumuria Upazila under Khulna district in Bangladesh. Heavy metal concentration in soil extracts, irrigation water samples, and grain samples was determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrometer. Average metal concentrations in soil were calculated and compared with the reference value in soil. In most cases, heavy metals in agricultural soil (Ni: 61.73–94.52 mg/kg; Cu: 23.33–37.5 mg/kg; As: 7.53–19.63 mg/kg; Pb: 15.17–29.19 mg/kg; Mn: 322.98–478.45 mg/kg) were greater than the reference soil (Ni: 13.08–24.55 mg/kg; Cu: 10.35–13.28 mg/kg; As: 1.87–4.61 mg/kg; Pb: 4.88–8.27 mg/kg; Mn: 52.17–74.3 mg/kg). Overall risk index stated that the examined soils were at moderate risk of contamination. Transfer Factor of arsenic (0.018–0.032 mg/kg) and manganese (0.059–0.155 mg/kg) was higher from soil to rice grain. On the other hand, transfer factor of lead was found negligible that is a good sign of improvement. The findings of the study will be good documentation for planning, risk assessment, and decision-making by environmental managers in this region.

Ecological Risk of Heavy Metal in Agricultural Soil and Transfer to Rice Grains

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Upoma Mahmud ◽  
Md. Tareq Bin Salam ◽  
Abu Khan ◽  
Md. Mizanur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Agricultural Soil ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Soil Extracts

Abstract Higher accumulation of toxic heavy metals in rice grain and agricultural soil may lead to an imbalanced ecosystem. The present study was carried out to assess the risk of different heavy metals nickel, copper, arsenic, lead, and manganese in agricultural soil and transfer status to rice grain. The samples were collected from four agricultural fields at different times in the Dumuria Upazila (sub-district) under Khulna district in Bangladesh. Heavy metal concentration in soil extracts, irrigation water samples, and grain samples was determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS). Average metal concentrations were calculated and compared with the reference value in soil. In most of the cases, the existence of heavy metals in agricultural soil was greater than the reference soil which is a rising concern. Overall risk index (RI) stated that the examined soils were at moderate risk of contamination. Transfer factor (TF) of Arsenic (0.037 to 0.115) and Manganese (0.056 to 0.155) from soil to rice grain were higher that is also a matter of concern. On the other hand, TF of Lead (Pb) was found in a very negligible amount which is a good sign. Regular monitoring of heavy metals in agricultural soil should be initiated and the awareness level should be increased to avoid environmental problems.

scholarly journals Potential Ecological Risks of Heavy Metals in Agricultural Soil Alongside Highways and Their Relationship with Landscape

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 800
Author(s):  
Cong Xu ◽  
Jie Pu ◽  
Bo Wen ◽  
Min Xia
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Agricultural Soil ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
Ecological Risks ◽  
Ecological Risk Index

The agricultural soil alongside highways has experienced multiple potential ecological risks from human activities. In this study, 100 soil samples near the highways were collected in Lishui District, Nanjing City. Using the single-factor pollution index, the Nemerow comprehensive pollution index, and the potential ecological risk index, the study investigated the heavy metal contents and distribution in roadside agricultural soil. PCA and a multiple regression model were applied to quantitatively analyze the spatial relationships between sampling soil heavy metal accumulation and the surrounding man-made landscape. The mean contents of Cu and Pb exceeded the background, while Cd, Cr, and Zn were lower than that. The potential ecological risk index exhibited a very low ecological hazard and only Cr in soils rarely showed moderate risk. Furthermore, quantitative analysis for the sources of contamination revealed that agricultural practices were the dominant contributors to the heavy metals, including Cd, Cu, and Zn, while road and heavy industrial practices contributed to Cr and Pb. The study provides sources of heavy metal pollution from human activities in roadside agricultural land and serves as a reference for ecological restoration.

scholarly journals Evaluating ecological risks and tracking potential factors influencing heavy metals in sediments in an urban river

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongping Liu ◽  
Jian Wang ◽  
Huibin Yu ◽  
Hongjie Gao ◽  
Weining Xu
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metal Pollution ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Urban River ◽  
Ecological Risks ◽  
Background Values ◽  
Potential Factors

Abstract Background Heavy metal pollution of aquatic systems is a global issue that has received considerable attention. Canonical correlation analysis (CCA), principal component analysis (PCA), and potential ecological risk index (PERI) have been applied to heavy metal data to trace potential factors, identify regional differences, and evaluate ecological risks. Sediment cores of 200 cm in depth were taken using a drilling platform at 10 sampling sites along the Xihe River, an urban river located in western Shenyang City, China. Then they were divided into 10 layers (20 cm each layer). The concentrations of the As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn were measured for each layer. Eight heavy metals, namely Pb, Zn, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Hg, were measured for each layer in this study. Results The average concentrations of the As, Cd, Cu, Hg, and Zn were significantly higher than their background values in soils in the region, and mainly gathered at 0–120 cm in depth in the upstream, 0–60 cm in the midstream, and 0–20 cm downstream. This indicated that these heavy metals were derived from the upstream areas where a large quantity of effluents from the wastewater treatment plants enter the river. Ni, Pb, and Cr were close or slightly higher than their background values. The decreasing order of the average concentration of Cd was upstream > midstream > downstream, so were Cr, Cu, Ni and Zn. The highest concentration of As was midstream, followed by upstream and then downstream, which was different to Cd. The potential factors of heavy metal pollution were Cd, Cu, Hg, Zn, and As, especially Cd and Hg with the high ecological risks. The ecological risk levels of all heavy metals were much higher in the upstream than the midstream and downstream. Conclusions Industrial discharge was the dominant source for eight heavy metals in the surveyed area, and rural domestic sewage has a stronger influence on the Hg pollution than industrial pollutants. These findings indicate that effective management strategies for sewage discharge should be developed to protect the environmental quality of urban rivers.

scholarly journals Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution Levels in Sediments and of Ecological Risk by Quality Indices, Applying a Case Study: The Lower Danube River, Romania

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 1801
Author(s):  
Valentina Andreea Calmuc ◽  
Madalina Calmuc ◽  
Maxim Arseni ◽  
Catalina Maria Topa ◽  
Mihaela Timofti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metal Pollution ◽  
Surface Sediments ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
Danube River ◽  
Pollution Indices

It is a well–known fact that heavy metal pollution in sediments causes serious problems not only in the Danube basin, but also in the large and small adjacent river streams. A suitable method for assessing the level of heavy metals and their toxicity in sediments is the calculation of pollution indices. The present research aims to assess heavy metal pollution in the Lower Danube surface sediments collected along the Danube course (between 180 and 60 km) up to the point where the Danube River flows into the Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve (a United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization – UNESCO, protected area). In addition, this monitored area is one of the largest European hydrographic basins. Five heavy metals (Cd, Ni, Zn, Pb, Cu) were analyzed in two different seasons, i.e., the autumn of 2018 and the spring of 2019, using the Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP– MS) technique. Our assessment of heavy metal pollution revealed two correlated aspects: 1. a determination of the potential risks of heavy metals in sediments by calculating the Potential Ecological Risk Index (RI), and 2. an evaluation of the influence of anthropogenic activities on the level of heavy metal contamination in the surface sediments, using three specific pollution indices, namely, the Geo–Accumulation Index (Igeo), the Contamination Factor (CF), and the Pollution Load Index (PLI). The results of this pioneering research activity in the region highlighted the presence of moderate metal (Ni and Cd) pollution and a low potential ecological risk for the aquatic environment.

Assessing Soil and Plant Pollution by Abandoned Rural Waste Dumping Sites in Ningbo, China

2011 ◽  
Vol 138-139 ◽  
pp. 1149-1155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Dong Guan ◽  
Ye Hong Du ◽  
Zhen Dong Li ◽  
An Cheng Luo
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Contamination Assessment ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Metal Contents ◽  
Plant Pollution

This paper reports the concentration of heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb) in the soils and rices surrounding the abandoned rural waste dumping sites in Ningbo. Igeo (geoaccumulation index) was calculated to assess the contamination degree of heavy metals in soils. The mean contents of Cr, Cu, Cd, Zn and Pb of soils were 33.3, 24.1, 1.5, 118.9 and 45.6 mg/(kg DW) (dry weight), respectively. All of them were much higher than that of the reference value (i.e. CK), but there were no coherent trend of the metal contents within 1-120m distance from the dumping site. Igeo of heavy metals reveals the order of Cd>Cu>Cr>Pb>Zn, and the contamination assessment of soils using Igeo indicate the moderate Cd pollution, while the soils were unpolluted-moderately overall by Cr, Cu, Zn as well as Pb. The heavy metal contents in root, stem & leaf and rice grains were all remarkable higher than that of the CK at 20-120 m distances, and the heavy metal contents in root were evidently much higher than other plant parts, while those in rice grain were lowest, indicating the great bioaccumulation trend of heavy metals. Although the metal contents in the rice grain were within the legislation limit, its bioaccumulation trend of heavy metals was remarkable, whose contents were 4.38-fold for Cr, 1.76-fold for Cu, 1.28-fold for Zn, 2.67-fold for Cd and 3.03-fold for Pb higher than that of reference value, respectively. Finally, we proposed a decentralized in-situ restoration approach for the dumping sites.

scholarly journals Heavy metal contamination and ecological risk assessment of the agricultural soil in Shanxi Province, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 200538
Author(s):  
Hongxue Qi ◽  
Bingqing Zhao ◽  
Lihong Li ◽  
Xiuling Chen ◽  
Jing An ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Agricultural Soil ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Microwave Digestion ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Shanxi Province ◽  
Ecological Risks ◽  
Geo Accumulation

To assess contamination levels and ecological risks of heavy metals in agricultural soil from Shanxi Province of China, a total of 33 samples in the surface soil were collected from 11 cities in Shanxi. The soil samples were digested by a mixed acid of nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid on a microwave digestion system, then the levels of eight heavy metals were analysed using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. The pollution levels of soil heavy metals were evaluated using a geo-accumulation index and their ecological risks were assessed using risk index calculated by Hakanson's method. As a result, the average concentrations of the heavy metals As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn were 12.9 ± 4.8, 0.35 ± 0.23, 43 ± 14, 27 ± 19, 0.25 ± 0.14, 21.7 ± 5.7, 17 ± 13 and 89 ± 53 mg kg −1 , respectively. By comparison to the Chinese soil environmental quality (GB15618-2018), only 9% of Cd samples and 3% of Cu samples exceeded their corresponding screening criteria. Subsequently, the results of geo-accumulation indices suggested that Shanxi's soil suffered from moderate to heavy contamination posed by Cd and Hg, and risk indices exhibited a similar trend that Cd and Hg were the main contributors for considerable to very high ecological risk. Finally, the analysis of variance indicated that the mean levels of Cd significantly occurred at Yuncheng areas among the 11 cities ( n = 3, p < 0.05), but Hg concentrations did not have significantly statistical differences. This study demonstrated that metals Cd and Hg had higher levels and ecological risks for agricultural soil in Shanxi, especially, Yuncheng City suffered from heavy Cd contamination. The findings of the present study will provide basic information on management and control of the agricultural soil contamination in Shanxi Province, China.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Ecological Risk from Heavy Metals in the Surface Sediment of River Surma, Bangladesh: Coupled Approach of Monte Carlo Simulation and Multi-Component Statistical Analysis

Water ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 180
Author(s):  
Arup Acharjee ◽  
Zia Ahmed ◽  
Pankaj Kumar ◽  
Rafiul Alam ◽  
M. Safiur Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Monte Carlo Simulation ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metal Pollution ◽  
River Sediment ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Pollution Level

River sediment can be used to measure the pollution level in natural water, as it serves as one of the vital environmental indicators. This study aims to assess heavy metal pollution namely Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe), Manganese (Mn), Zinc (Zn), Nickel (Ni), Lead (Pb), and Cadmium (Cd) in Surma River. Further, it compares potential ecological risk index values using Hakanson Risk Index (RI) and Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) approach to evaluate the environmental risks caused by these heavy metals. in the study area. With obtained results, enrichment of individual heavy metals in the study area was found in the order of Ni > Pb > Cd > Mn > Cu > Zn. Also, variance in MCS index contributed by studied metals was in the order of Cd > Pb > Ni > Zn > Cu. None of the heavy metals, except Ni, showed moderate contamination of the sediment. Risk index values from RI and MCS provide valuable insights in the contamination profile of the river, indicating the studied river is currently under low ecological risk for the studied heavy metals. This study can be utilized to assess the susceptibility of the river sediment to heavy metal pollution near an urban core, and to have a better understanding of the contamination profile of a river.

scholarly journals Distribution and Potential Ecological Risk of Heavy Metals in Water, Sediments, and Aquatic Macrophytes: A Case Study of the Junction of Four Rivers in Linyi City, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (16) ◽  
pp. 2861 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiuling Li ◽  
Henglun Shen ◽  
Yongjun Zhao ◽  
Weixing Cao ◽  
Changwei Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metal Pollution ◽  
Aquatic Macrophyte ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
Metal Concentrations

The Yi River, the second longest river in Shandong Province, China, flows through Linyi City and is fed by three tributary rivers, Beng River, Liuqing River, and Su River in the northeastern part of the city. In this study, we determined the concentrations of five heavy metals (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb) in water, sediment, and aquatic macrophyte samples collected from the junction of the four rivers and evaluated the potential ecological risk of heavy metal pollution. Most of the heavy metals in water were in low concentrations with the water quality index (WQI) below 1, suggesting low metal pollution. The sediments showed low heavy metal concentrations, suggesting a low ecological risk based on the potential ecological risk index (RI) and the geo-accumulation index (Igeo). The aquatic plant species Potamogeton crispus accumulated considerable amounts of heavy metals, which were closely related to the metal concentrations of the sediment. The plant species Salvinia natans also showed an excellent metal accumulation capability. Based on our results, the junction of the four rivers is only slightly polluted in terms of heavy metals, and the plant species P. crispus is a suitable bioindicator for sediment heavy metal pollution.

Pollution and Potential Biological Toxicity Assessment Using Heavy Metals from Surface Sediments of Liangtan River, Chongqing, China

2011 ◽  
Vol 137 ◽  
pp. 262-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo Tao Liu ◽  
Xiao Yan Zheng ◽  
Xu Ya Peng ◽  
Jian Hua Li
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
River Sediments ◽  
Sediment Quality ◽  
Pollution Assessment ◽  
Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry ◽  
Biological Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Effects

The concentrations of heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Ni, Cr, As) in the surface sediment of Liangtan River were determined by using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) and atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS), and the toxic effects and sediment pollution assessment were conducted systematically by using Sediment Quality Guidelines (SQG), Hakanson Potential Ecological Risk Index. Moreover, the underlying source of heavy metal was analyzed. The results indicated that the concentrations of Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Ni, Cr, As were 29.4-158.1, 40.2-291.3, 23.4-148.2, 0.01-0.79, 6.4-106.2, 17.9-170.6, 1.3-45.1mg/kg respectively. Base on the SQG, besides Cd concentrations of few sampling sites were above the threshold effects level (TEL), the rest heavy metal concentrations of most sampling sites were all between TEL and the probable effects level (PEL), and biological toxicity effects may take place, especially Baishiyi, Hangu and Huilongba, harmful biological toxicity effects may frequently take place. Compared to background values of soil heavy metals in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, the heavy metals in Liangtan River sediments showed higher ecological risk, and the ecological risk of the heavy metals, arranged from the highest to lowest pollution degree, was as follows Cd, As, Cu, Pb, Ni, Zn, Cr.

Spatial Distribution and Potential Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Roadside Soils on Different Operated Times along the Lianyungang-Horgas Highway

2011 ◽  
Vol 356-360 ◽  
pp. 630-635
Author(s):  
Lei Gu ◽  
Bo Song ◽  
Zhi Qi Tong ◽  
Jian Hua Ma
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Ecological Risks ◽  
Total Risk ◽  
Roadside Soils ◽  
Response Factors ◽  
Toxic Response ◽  
Soil Heavy Metals

Wanliu and Xiaowangzhuang transects which operated in 1994 and 2001 respectively along Zhengzhou-Shangqiu section on Lianyungang-Horgas highway were chosen to investigate heavy metal (Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, and Cr) pollution and potential ecological risks of roadside soils. Concentrations of soil heavy metals on Wanliu transect were higher than that on Xiaowangzhuang transect. The content of soil heavy metals increases with the distance away from highway, reaching a maximum value, and then decreases gradually. Potential ecological risks of the soil metals are at moderate level on Wanliu transect, while slight level on the other transect. Concentrations of most soil heavy metals and their potential ecological risks present skewness distribution with the distance form highway roadbed. The highest risk indexes (RI) for different metals on Wanliu transect are among 50 ~100 m from highway roadbed, farther than that on Xiaowangzhuang transect at 35 m. Most of the soil samples on northern side of the highway show higher metal concentrations and potential ecological risks than that on southern side. The total risk index was contributed by the heavy metal of Cd (averagely 61.39%), which is the main factor of potential ecological risks. The grade standards for different ecological risk levels must be modified according to types and amount of pollutants studied and their toxic-response factors.

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