Chronic administration of clenbuterol, a beta 2-adrenergic agonist, attenuates the exercise training-induced improvement in muscle insulin resistance of the obese Zucker rat. The present study was conducted to determine whether clenbuterol also attenuates the increase in muscle GLUT-4 protein that occurs with exercise training and whether the action of clenbuterol is related to its ability to downregulate the beta-adrenergic receptors. Female obese Zucker rats were randomly assigned to one of the following four groups: control (CON, n = 7), clenbuterol (CL, n = 8), exercise training (TR, n = 8), and clenbuterol with exercise training (CL+TR, n = 8). Rats assigned to the training groups were run on a rodent motor-driven treadmill for 6-7 wk. Rats receiving clenbuterol were intubated with 0.8 mg/kg body weight 30 min before running each day. Red quadriceps (RQ) and white quadriceps (WQ) GLUT-4 protein concentrations of TR rats were significantly greater than those of CON and CL+TR rats. The RQ GLUT-4 protein concentration of the CL+TR rats was significantly greater than that of CON rats, but this difference did not occur in the WQ. GLUT-4 protein concentrations were not different between the CON and CL rats. The patterns of RQ and WQ GLUT-4 mRNA were similar to those of their respective GLUT-4 proteins. Rats receiving daily injections of propranolol (30 mg/kg body wt), a beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist, demonstrated no increase in GLUT-4 protein in RQ or WQ after 6 wk of exercise training. These results indicate that 1) clenbuterol can attenuate the increase in muscle GLUT-4 protein associated with exercise training and 2) this effect is likely mediated by a downregulation of the beta-adrenergic receptors.
Activation of the inhibitory GTP-binding protein of adenylate cyclase, Gi, by beta-adrenergic receptors in reconstituted phospholipid vesicles.