Mechanisms for axial thermal contraction in polymer crystals: polyethylene vs isotactic polypropylene

1994 ◽  
Vol 49 (17) ◽  
pp. 2881-2888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Lacks ◽  
Gregory C. Rutledge
Keyword(s):  
Isotactic Polypropylene ◽  
Thermal Contraction ◽  
Polymer Crystals

Electron Irradiation Effects in Polyoxymethylene Crystals Grown Inside Trioxane Crystals

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 78-79
Author(s):  
J. P. Colson ◽  
D. H. Reneker
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
The Other ◽  
Electron Micrograph ◽  
Irradiation Effects ◽  
Threefold Axis ◽  
Typical Sample ◽  
Polymer Crystals ◽  
Chain Axis

Polyoxymethylene (POM) crystals grow inside trioxane crystals which have been irradiated and heated to a temperature slightly below their melting point. Figure 1 shows a low magnification electron micrograph of a group of such POM crystals. Detailed examination at higher magnification showed that three distinct types of POM crystals grew in a typical sample. The three types of POM crystals were distinguished by the direction that the polymer chain axis in each crystal made with respect to the threefold axis of the trioxane crystal. These polyoxymethylene crystals were described previously.At low magnifications the three types of polymer crystals appeared as slender rods. One type had a hexagonal cross section and the other two types had rectangular cross sections, that is, they were ribbonlike.

Shot-noise simulations of HREM images of polymer crystals

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 342-343
Author(s):  
Philippe Pradère ◽  
Edwin L. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
High Resolution Electron Microscopy ◽  
Crystal Defects ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Photographic Emulsion ◽  
Polymer Crystals ◽  
Resolution Electron ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Lattice Images

High Resolution Electron Microscopy (HREM) is a very powerful technique for the study of crystal defects at the molecular level. Unfortunately polymer crystals are beam sensitive and are destroyed almost instantly under the typical HREM imaging conditions used for inorganic materials. Recent developments of low dose imaging at low magnification have nevertheless permitted the attainment of lattice images of very radiation sensitive polymers such as poly-4-methylpentene-1 and enabled molecular level studies of crystal defects in somewhat more resistant ones such as polyparaxylylene (PPX) [2].With low dose conditions the images obtained are very noisy. Noise arises from the support film, photographic emulsion granularity and in particular, the statistical distribution of electrons at the typical doses of only few electrons per unit resolution area. Figure 1 shows the shapes of electron distribution, according to the Poisson formula :

Properties of nanocomposites based on isotactic polypropylene and high-pressure polyethylene with metal-containing nanofillers

2020 ◽  
pp. 59-64
Author(s):  
N. I. Kurbanova ◽  
◽  
T. M. Gulieva ◽  
N. Ya. Ischenko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Polymer Matrix ◽  
Isotactic Polypropylene ◽  
Rheological Parameters ◽  
Mechanochemical Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Effect Of Additives ◽  
High Pressure Polyethylene ◽  
Properties Of Composites

The effect of additives of nanofillers (NF) containing nanoparticles (NP) of copper oxide, stabilized by a polymer matrix of maleized polyethylene (MPE), obtained by the mechanochemical method, on the properties of composites based on isotactic polypropylene (PP) and high-pressure polyethylene (PE) was studied by X-ray phase (XRD) and thermogravimetric (TGA) analyzes. The enhancement of strength, deformation, and rheological parameters, as well as the thermo-oxidative stability of the obtained nanocomposites was revealed, which, apparently, is due to the synergistic effect of the interaction of copper-containing nanoparticles with anhydride groups of MPE. It is shown that nanocomposites based on PP/PE/NF can be processed both by pressing and injection molding and extrusion, which expands the scope of its application.

Cationic modifications of polyalkenes II. Effect of a single or continuous supply of Co-initiator

1989 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 1269-1275
Author(s):  
Miloslav Kučera ◽  
Dušan Kimmer ◽  
Karla Majerová ◽  
Zdeněk Fiala
Keyword(s):  
Isotactic Polypropylene ◽  
Graft Copolymers ◽  
Single Addition

For an effective modification of polyalkenes leading to the formation of block and/or graft copolymers, the presence of co-initiating water is absolutely necessary. We have compared two procedures used in the co-initiation of cationic reactions on polymers. Gradually supplied air moisture raises the efficiency of modification of isotactic polypropylene with poly(oxyethylene) several times, compared with a single addition of co-initiating water.

Radiation Induced Graft Copolymerization of Vinyl Acetate and Isopropenyl Acetate Onto Isotactic Polypropylene

1996 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhupendra N. Misra ◽  
G. S. Chauhan ◽  
Inderjeet Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Isotactic Polypropylene ◽  
Graft Copolymerization ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Reaction Parameters ◽  
Maximum Percentage ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Isopropenyl Acetate

Radiation-induced graft copolymerization of vinyl acetate (VAC) and isopropenyl acetate (PAC) onto isotactic polypropylene (IPP) has been studied. The percentage of grafting was calculated for various reaction parameters, and the optimum conditions for attaining the maximum percentage of grafting were determined. Maximal achieved extents of grafting are 39% and 29% for VAC and PAC, respectively. The reactivity of the two monomers with respect to grafting is discussed.

scholarly journals Unique Slow Crack Growth Behavior of Isotactic Polypropylene: The Role of Shear Layer-Spherulites Layer Alternated Structure

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 2746
Author(s):  
Mingjin Liu ◽  
Jiaxu Luo ◽  
Jin Chen ◽  
Xueqin Gao ◽  
Qiang Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Layer ◽  
Crack Growth ◽  
Isotactic Polypropylene ◽  
Slow Crack Growth ◽  
Crack Growth Behavior ◽  
Polymer Science ◽  
The Past ◽  
Propagation Behavior ◽  
Crack Propagation Behavior

With the development of polymer science, more attention is being paid to the longevity of polymer products. Slow crack growth (SCG), one of the most important factors that reveal the service life of the products, has been investigated widely in the past decades. Here, we manufactured an isotactic polypropylene (iPP) sample with a novel shear layer–spherulites layer alternated structure using multiflow vibration injection molding (MFVIM). However, the effect of the alternated structure on the SCG behavior has never been reported before. Surprisingly, the results showed that the resistivity of polymer to SCG can be enhanced remarkably due to the special alternated structure. Moreover, this sample shows unique slow crack propagation behavior in contrast to the sample with the same thickness of shear layer, presenting multiple microcracks in the spherulites layer, which can explain the reason of the resistivity improvement of polymer to SCG.

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