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2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 633
Author(s):  
Chunyu Xu ◽  
Hong Wang

This paper presents a convolution kernel initialization method based on the local binary patterns (LBP) algorithm and sparse autoencoder. This method can be applied to the initialization of the convolution kernel in the convolutional neural network (CNN). The main function of the convolution kernel is to extract the local pattern of the image by template matching as the target feature of subsequent image recognition. In general, the Xavier initialization method and the He initialization method are used to initialize the convolution kernel. In this paper, firstly, some typical sample images were selected from the training set, and the LBP algorithm was applied to extract the texture information of the typical sample images. Then, the texture information was divided into several small blocks, and these blocks were input into the sparse autoencoder (SAE) for pre-training. After finishing the training, the weight values of the sparse autoencoder that met the statistical features of the data set were used as the initial value of the convolution kernel in the CNN. The experimental result indicates that the method proposed in this paper can speed up the convergence of the network in the network training process and improve the recognition rate of the network to an extent.


Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (24) ◽  
pp. 3254
Author(s):  
Nien-Che Yang ◽  
Yan-Lin Zeng ◽  
Tsai-Hsiang Chen

In this study, the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) is used to optimize the annual phase arrangement of distribution transformers connected to primary feeders to improve three-phase imbalance and reduce power loss. Based on the data of advanced metering infrastructure (AMI), a quasi-real-time ZIP load model and typical sample distribution systems in Taiwan are constructed. The equivalent circuit models and solution algorithms for typical distribution systems in Taiwan are built using the commercial software package MATLAB. A series of simulations, analyses, comparisons, and explorations is executed. Finally, the quantitative evaluation results for improving the voltage imbalance and reducing the power loss are summarized. For the series of studies, the percentage reductions in (1) total power imbalance TSI, (2) total line loss TLL, (3) average voltage drop AVD, (4) total voltage imbalance factors for zero/negative sequences Td0/Td2, and (5) neutral current of the main transformer ILCO are up to 45.48%, 4.06%, 16.61%, 63.99%, 21.33%, and 88.01%, respectively. The results obtained in this study can be applied for energy saving and can aid the authorities to implement sustainable development policies in Taiwan.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Shu ◽  
Ying He

AbstractChinese watchtower houses are part of the unique human cultural heritage of the world’s vernacular architectures. Many earthen manor watchtower houses in Chongqing, China, have absorbed the characteristics of other tower houses across the country and have brought together various types of watchtower construction techniques. They are important connection points for the integrity of the Chinese watchtower house as a comprehensive architectural cultural heritage system. They can be a typical sample of Chinese Han classical towers. These buildings are indispensable parts of the Chinese residential watchtower system and have important cultural protection value. However, due to the general lack of excavation and attention to their historical and cultural value, these buildings are on the verge of disappearing. Although they have lost their original architectural functions, they have important value in terms of their building materials, technical composition and artistic modelling. They can stimulate special emotional resonance and become an important bridge that maintains the cultural connection between ancient and modern humans. Therefore, discussing the historical and cultural value of Chongqing rammed earth watchtower houses, the strategy for heritage protection and utilisation is of far-reaching significance for Chinese watchtower dwellings.


2021 ◽  
Vol 947 (1) ◽  
pp. 012018
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thi Truc Phuong ◽  
Tran Thi Hong Ngoc ◽  
Le Nguyen Quang Tu ◽  
Nguyen Quang Long

Abstract In this work, the metastable aqueous-aqueous interfacial approach was used to prepare MnO2 with enhanced surface area, which helps to save energy, decrease cost and protect the environment. The material characteristic success was proven through using powder X-ray diffraction for the crystalline properties and N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm for high surface area. The relationship between the calcination temperature and the crystallinity as well the specific material surface area was also interested. The catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide was investigated by the closed system measuring produced oxygen. After the H2O2 decomposition comparison between synthesized samples and commercial MnO2 in terms of both the efficiency and the speed, the M-200 sample was considered as a typical sample with outstanding performance to examine the reaction conditions (H2O2 solution concentration, catalyst amount and reaction temperature). The optimal reaction condition results are 0.9% H2O2 solution concentration, 0.2g/L catalyst, and room temperature. Besides, the leaching test and the catalytic regeneration were also conducted.


Author(s):  
Shin Fukuda ◽  
Nozomi Tanaka ◽  
Hajime Ono ◽  
Jon Sprouse

There is little consensus in the Japanese syntax literature on the question of whether complex NPs with a complement clause headed by to yuu ‘that say’ are islands for NP-scrambling dependencies. To explore this question, we conducted two acceptability judgment experiments using the factorial definition of islands to test the island status of noun complements, relative clauses (which are complex NPs, but uniformly considered islands in the literature), and coordinated NP structures (which are also uniformly considered islands in the literature). Our first experiment yielded clear evidence that relative clauses and coordinated NPs are islands, and that noun complements are not. Our second experiment replicated the relative clause and coordinated NP results, but yielded an inconclusive null result for noun complements. Taken together, our results suggest either that noun complements are not islands, or that noun complements yield a small island effect that cannot be reliably detected at the typical sample sizes of 30-40 participants used here. We also investigated between- and within-participant variability in our results. We observe no evidence of increased between-participant variability for noun complements relative to other islands, and no increase of within-participant variability for noun complements relative to grammatical NP-scrambling, thus corroborating our conclusions. Our results have consequences for a number of issues that have been encoded in current syntactic theories of island effects, including the correlation between syntactic constituent complexity and island status (e.g., number of bounding nodes or phase heads), and the correlation between complementizer deletion and island status (e.g., the complement/adjunct distinction).


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto M. Uribe ◽  
Jean Engohang-Ndong

A review of the current status of sewage sludge decontamination using electron beam irradiation at industrial scale is presented. The chapter includes a historical development of the technology using both gamma and electron beam sources, a description of a facility using an electron accelerator, a discussion of the quality control techniques used to certify that satisfactory decontamination levels for safe use of treated sludge have been achieved, the effect of electron beam irradiation on the bacteria and virus present in a typical sample of municipal sewage sludge, and an analysis of the costs of decontaminating sewage sludge using electron beam irradiation compared to traditional and more routine technologies. Finally, the chapter concludes by emphasizing on the fact that electron accelerators described in this chapter are capable to decontaminate a typical municipal sewage sludge at competitive costs which are shown to be comparable and/or lower than routinely used technologies to achieve class A biosolids by the Environmental Protection Agency standards.


2021 ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
N. T. Kurbanov

Aim. To identify the features of the sexual behavior of young people that cause the spread of sexually transmitted infections.Material and methods. A questionnaire was developed and a survey was conducted among 500 men and women that belong to various social groups of the population. The age of participants was 18 - 30 years and they were coming from 4 districts of republican subordination. The survey was based on a typical sample of the mentioned age group. Collected data were statistically processed using MS OFFICE 2007 packages.Results and discussion. It was found that the awareness of respondents about sexually transmitted infections and measures for their prevention remains at a very low level. More than 21.0% of respondents have active sexual life, and at least one in five does not associate this with the possible realization of the risk of contracting STIs / HIV / AIDS. About 17.0% of young people believe that if they become infected with these diseases, they will seek medical help only from their friends, physicians that they are familiar with, and paramedics.Conclusion. It is known for a fact that virtually all models of sexual behavior and all types of sexual relationships are present among young people today. However, in Tajikistan, there are certain features of the sexual behavior of young people (polygamy and civil marriage). A low level of knowledge and the need to raise awareness among adolescents and young people about the negative consequences of risky sexual behavior have been established.


2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 2298-2315
Author(s):  
Li Xueyan

Active aging is not only an effective strategy to deal with population aging but also an important method to increase the effective labor supply. The health, education and age of the retired are obviously affect labor supply. Using a typical sample survey, this paper analyzes the willingness and behavior of retired seniors to supply labor, via a labor participation model and a labor supply model. It verifies the direct effects of various factors of active aging on the labor participation decision and the level of labor supply of retired seniors. The results show that age, pension, health, and other income are the main factors that affect the labor participation decision of retired seniors while education level, health, pension, other income, the number of family members in need of care, and the interaction term of health and age are the main factors that affect the level of labor participation of retired seniors. The government should build a policy to tap the labor supply potential of retired seniors, such as proposing legislations to reduce cigarette smoking thus enhancing health of retired people.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Noble ◽  
Mandy Mejia ◽  
Andrew Zalesky ◽  
Dustin Scheinost

Inference in neuroimaging commonly occurs at the level of "clusters" of neighboring voxels or connections, thought to reflect functionally specific brain areas. Yet increasingly large studies reveal effects that are shared throughout the brain, suggesting that reported clusters may only reflect the "tip of the iceberg" of underlying effects. Here, we empirically compare power of traditional levels of inference (edge and cluster) with broader levels of inference (network and whole-brain) by resampling functional connectivity data from the Human Connectome Project (n=40, 80, 120). Only network- and whole brain-level inference attained or surpassed "adequate" power (β =80%) to detect an average effect, with almost double the power for network- compared with cluster-level procedures at more typical sample sizes. Likewise, effects tended to be widespread, and more widespread pooling resulted in stronger magnitude effects. Power also substantially increased when controlling FDR rather than FWER. Importantly, there may be similar implications for task-based activation analyses where effects are also increasingly understood to be widespread. However, increased power with broader levels of inference may diminish the specificity to localize effects, especially for non-task contexts. These findings underscore the benefit of shifting the scale of inference to better capture the underlying signal, which may unlock opportunities for discovery in human neuroimaging.


Author(s):  
Yohanes Susanto Ridwan ◽  
Tiny Agustina Koesmawati ◽  
Anna Edy Persulessy ◽  
Raden Tina Rosmalina ◽  
Astried Sunaryani ◽  
...  

Indonesian government has committed to reduce and eliminate mercury. Hence, the intensity of monitoring activities of mercury levels in various matrices would be increased and supported by qualified analytical data. Key characteristic performances, i.e., the limit of detection, linear range, precision, trueness, have been successfully carried out, and the method was shown to fit the purpose. The limit detection, LoD and LoQ, were found to be 0.26 and 0.86 µg/L, respectively, which were adequate to reach the tightest regulatory limit of mercury in surface water (1 µg/L). The examined linearity range of 1-20 µg/L has been found sufficient for its application since a high mercury concentration in the typical sample is seldomly expected. Precision and trueness aspects of the method were shown to have satisfaction performance, with CV of 1,24% and recovery of 104.54%. All the possible uncertainty sources have been identified in this study. Since no reference material was available, the uncertainty of bias was evaluated through the recovery of the spiked sample. Compliance assessment to six measurement results has been performed; one result was below LoQ, four were clearly below regulatory limit, and one was questionable. Hence a decision rule was applied.


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