Modification of a bituminous binder using waste products from the polymer industry

In this paper, we have investigated the possibilities of the modification of bituminous mixtures using recycled plastic. Waste from enterprises that process plastic is a serious danger to the environment, which is why the need to develop technologies for their processing is not in doubt. The economic advantages of using such additives are that the modifier used is the total waste of industrial enterprises that manufacture products from thermoplastics. Thus, it is possible to solve several problems at once: reducing the cost of production of bitumen; improvement of their physical and chemical characteristics and recycling of non-recycled waste. Patent information on the use of thermoplastics as a bitumen modifier was analyzed. During the work, waste from the extrusion industry of high-pressure polyethylene (LDPE) used. The influence of additives on the basic physical parameters of bitumen is shown. In the course of research, it was found that the addition of 2-3% polymers to the original formulation allows us to obtain bitumen, the main physical parameters of which (penetration, ductility, softening) meet the existing requirements. With this method of bitumen modification, the cost of their production is reduced without deterioration of the properties of the finished product. We also investigated the possibility of introducing up to 25% modifiers into the formulation, for maximum utilization of polymer waste. The bitumen obtained in this way can be used in regions with a hot climate. An important fact is the unification of the method of introducing additives into the existing technology, which does not require its change. The results of the study showed that thanks to the results obtained, it is possible to significantly reduce the cost of producing asphalt and bitumen products, expand the technological properties of finished road surfaces, and solve the problem of recycling plastic waste.

Production Technology and Damping Properties of Aerated Polymer Coatings

The process of obtaining aerated (filled with air bubbles) polymer coatings has been developed and investigated by the method of flame spraying with an assessment of their ability to damp vibrations. A technology for the controlled formation of aerated polymer coatings has been developed while using the capabilities of the ОИМ (OIM) 050 polymer thermal atomizer design which consists in providing a concurrent air flow between the flame torch and the jet of powder material. The experiments have been carried out with such thermoplastic polymers as polyethylene terephthalate, high pressure polyethylene, ultra high molecular weight polyethylene, polyamide. It has been found that the aeration coefficient grows almost in direct proportion with an increase in the amount of air in the concurrent flow for all investigated polymer coatings. It is noted that the aeration process is influenced by the rheological properties of liquid polymers, or rather, the value of the polymer melt flow rate. The limiting values of air in the concurrent flow have been determined, which make it possible not to reduce the adhesion of polymer coatings to steel substrates by less than 6 MPa and not to decrease their hardness by more than 25–30 %. Studies of the damping properties of samples with polymer coatings have been carried out on a stand, the kinematic diagram of which is based on loading the free end of a cantilever sample, abrupt removal of the load and registration of free damped oscillations by an induction-type contactless sensor connected to a computer. It is shown that the use of aeration when forming noise-absorbing coatings on steel samples can increase their logarithmic damping decrement by 18–26 %.

Graphene-polyethylene high pressure composites and their properties

A method for the introduction graphene into high-pressure polyethylene (HPPE) has been developed. Samples of graphene-HPPE were obtained with the content of graphene filler: 0.25%; 0.5%; 1.0%; 1.5%; 3.0%; 5.0% wt. The structural, morphological and deformation-strength properties of the obtained samples have been investigated. It was established that the increase of the elastic modulus value for the samples with the filler concentration of 3% wt and more.

COPPER-CONTAINING NANOCOMPOSITES BASED ON ISOTACTIC POLYPROPYLENE AND HIGH PRESSURE POLYETHYLENE

The effect of nanofilles additives containing copper oxide nanoparticles stabilized by a polymer matrix of high-pressure polyethylene obtained by the mechanochemical method on features of the structure and properties of metal-containing nanocomposites based on isotactic polypropylene and high-pressure polyethylene was studied using differential thermal (DTA) and X-ray phase (XRD) analyzes. The improvement of strength, deformation and rheological parameters, as well as thermal-oxidative stability of the obtained nanocomposites was revealed, that apparently, is associated with the synergistic effect of interfacial interaction of copper-containing nanoparticles in the PE matrix with the components of the PP/PE polymer composition

COPPER-CONTAINING NANOCOMPOSITES ON THE BASIS OF ISOTACTIC POLYPROPYLENE AND BUTADIENE-NITRILE RUBBER

The influence of additives of nanofillers containing nanoparticles of copper oxides stabilized by a polymer matrix of maleinized high-pressure polyethylene obtained by the mechano-chemical method on the structure and properties features of metal-containing nanocomposites based on isotactic polypropylene and butadiene-nitrile rubber by x-ray phase and differential thermal analyses is studied. The improvement of strength, deformation and rheological parameters, as well as thermal-oxidative stability of the obtained nanocomposites was revealed, that is probably due to the synergistic effect of interaction of copper-containing nanoparticles with maleic groups of maleinated high-pressure polyethylene. It is shown that nanocomposites based on isotactic polypropylene and butadiene-nitrile rubber can be processed both by pressing method and by injection molding and extrusion methods that expands the scope of its application

Study of the effect of modification with small additives of phenylenediamines

The studies of the mechanical electrophysical properties of polymers and their modifications under the simultaneous influence of electrical discharges and mechanical force are presented. The paper presents the results of the experimental studies of the electrophysical and mechanical strength, the temperature dependence of the tangent of the dielectric loss angle, the specific volume electrical resistance and the relative deformation at break of new film polymer materials obtained on the basis of high-pressure polyethylene (LDPE) with a mixture of phenylenediamine additives OPD and PhI. The content of additives varied in the range of (0.03-0.5) wt%. The established increase in the electrophysical characteristics (increase in resistance to high electric field) of the LDPE film with the introduction of 0.1 wt% of chemical additives of PhI and with subsequent three-fold orientation extraction can be associated with a decrease in the concentration of charge carriers and their mobility, as well as an increase in the degree of crystallinity and packing density of polymer chains, which makes it difficult for ionization processes to occur at a given high electric field strength. It is shown that a decrease in the electrophysical characteristics of the studied polymer materials in the presence of tensile mechanical forces leads to the accumulation of bulk charges in them and the formation of submicrocracks.

FEATURES OF THERMOPLASTIC ELASTOMERS BASED ON CHLOROSULFONATED POLYETHYLENE

Thermoplastic elastomers based on chlorosulfonated polyethylene and high-pressure polyethylene have been created. It has been shown that developed thermoplastic elastomers have increased strength values in comparison with the parental polyethylene. The influence of the duality of the sulfonyl chloride groups reactivity of chlorosulfonated polyethylene on the structure formation has been shown.

OBTAINING BIODEGRADABLE COMPOSITE MATERIALS BASED ON POLYOLEFINS AND HUSK OF SUNFLOWER SEEDS

The paper presents the results of a comparative study of physical and mechanical, rheological, and biodegradable characteristics of a mixture containing low- and high-pressure polyethylene (HDPE 273-83 and HDPE 15303-003, respectively) in a 1:1 ratio filled with finely ground (less than 200 microns) sunflower husk (5-30% by weight). The mixture also contained 10% compatibilizer (functionalized by the method of alkaline alcoholysis of sevilen (SEVA 12206-007) and 1% of technological additive (polyethylene glycol (PEG-115 (4000). It has been established that as the content of the plant filler increases (up to 25%), the elastic modulus and tensile strength has not practically changed. The relative elongation of the composite under tension exceeds 100% (with a sunflower husk content up to 15% by weight). The complex viscosity and shear modulus of the considered melts with different filler contents are almost at the same level. The introduction of sunflower husk (up to 30%) and compatibilizer (10%) helps to reduce the viscosity and elasticity of the melts, which is evidence of a significant improvement in the processability of the compositions compared to HDPE 273-83. For a comparative assessment of composites biodegradability, moisture absorption, chemical oxygen consumption, and composites mass loss in laboratory soil during exposure for 12 months were being studied. It is shown that with increasing filler content, the ability of composites to biodegradation increases. In addition, it was found that the indicator of chemical oxygen consumption per unit surface area of the sample is a more productive and reproducible estimate in comparison with traditional methods for assessing the degradability of composite materials.

Study of the permeability of fluorinated high-pressure polyethylene for temporary fuel storage

Исследована проницаемость фторированного полиэтилена высокого давления (ПВД), предназначенного для изготовления ремонтных и технологических вкладышей резервуаров складов временного хранения топлива. Использование таких вкладышей позволяет снизить технологические потери углеводородов и увеличить надежность хранилищ из полимерных материалов. В качестве объекта исследования использовали пленки ПВД 10204-003 толщиной 100 мкм. Проницаемость пленок определяли при контакте с бензином марок Нормаль-80, Премиум-95, авиационным керосином ТС-1 и дизельным топливом. Рассмотрен механизм формирования структуры поверхностного фторированного слоя. Исследована кинетика изменения коэффициента проницаемости исходного и модифицированного полиэтилена в течение возможного срока хранения топлив. По результатам исследования установлено: 1) в полиэтилене перенос топлива протекает в две стадии, что определяется раздельной диффузией низкомолекулярных и высокомолекулярных фракций углеводородов; 2) фторирование полиэтилена приводит к уменьшению коэффициента проницаемости (что имеет практическое значение для сохранения качества топлива), но не влияет на перенос фракции углеводородов минимальной молекулярной массы. The permeability of fluorinated high-pressure polyethylene (HDPE), intended for the manufacture of repair and technological liners of tanks for temporary fuel storage has been investigated. As the object of research, 10204-003 HDPE films with 100 μm thickness were used. The permeability of the films was determined by contact with gasoline of the Normal-80 and Premium-95 brands, aviation kerosene TS-1, and diesel fuel. The formation mechanism of the surface fluorinated layer structure was considered. The kinetics of changes in the permeability coefficient of the original and modified polyethylene during the possible fuel storage period has been studied. It has been established that the transfer of fuel in polyethylene proceeds in two stages, which is determined by the separate diffusion of low-molecular and high-molecular hydrocarbon fractions. Fluoridation of polyethylene decreases the permeability coefficient, but does not affect the transfer of hydrocarbon fraction with the minimum molecular weight.