An analysis of the residual stress intensity factor of vickers indentation cracks

1995 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 773-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Fett
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Stress Intensity Factor ◽  
Stress Intensity ◽  
Intensity Factor ◽  
Vickers Indentation

Structural Integrity of Penetration Nozzle of Reactor Pressure Vessel Head of PWR Plant

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiminobu Hojo ◽  
Naoki Ogawa ◽  
Yoichi Iwamoto ◽  
Kazutoshi Ohoto ◽  
Seiji Asada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Stress Intensity Factor ◽  
Stress Intensity ◽  
Intensity Factor ◽  
Stress Field ◽  
Pressure Vessel ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Reactor Pressure Vessel ◽  
Reactor Pressure

A reactor pressure vessel (RPV) head of PWR has penetration holes for the CRDM nozzles, which are connected with the vessel head by J-shaped welds. It is well-known that there is high residual stress field in vicinity of the J-shaped weld and this has potentiality of PWSCC degradation. For assuring stress integrity of welding part of the penetration nozzle of the RPV, it is necessary to evaluate precise residual stress and stress intensity factor based on the stress field. To calculate stress intensity factor K, the most acceptable procedure is numerical analysis, but the penetration nozzle is very complex structure and such a direct procedure takes a lot of time. This paper describes applicability of simplified K calculation method from handbooks by comparing with K values from finite element analysis, especially mentioning crack modeling. According to the verified K values in this paper, fatigue crack extension analysis and brittle fracture evaluation by operation load were performed for initial crack due to PWSCC and finally structural integrity of the penetration nozzle of RPV head was confirmed.

Crack Tip Stress Analysis of the Steam Generator Dissimilar Steel Welded Joint under Residual Stress Field

2019 ◽  
Vol 795 ◽  
pp. 451-457
Author(s):  
Bao Yin Zhu ◽  
Xian Xi Xia ◽  
He Zheng ◽  
Guo Dong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Stress Intensity Factor ◽  
Stress Intensity ◽  
Intensity Factor ◽  
Stress Field ◽  
Numerical Method ◽  
Steam Generator ◽  
Welded Joint ◽  
Crack Tip ◽  
Residual Stress Field

An typical mode of a structural integrity failure in dissimilar steel welded joints. This paper aims at studying crack tip stress of a steam generator dissimilar welded joint under residual stress field with the method of interaction integral and XFEM. Firstly, the corresponding weak form is obtained where the initial stress field is involved, which is the key step for the XFEM. Then, the interaction integral is applying to calculate the stress intensity factor. In addition, two simple benchmark problems are simulated in order to verify the precision of this numerical method. Finally, this numerical method is applying to calculate the crack tip SIF of the addressed problem. This study finds that the stress intensity factor increases firstly then decreases with the deepening of the crack. The main preponderance of this method concerns avoiding mesh update by take advantage of XFEM when simulating crack propagation, which could avoid double counting. In addition, our obtained results will contribute to the safe assessment of the nuclear power plant steam generator.

Modelling shattered rim cracking in railroad wheels

2011 ◽  
Vol 225 (6) ◽  
pp. 593-604
Author(s):  
V Sura ◽  
S Mahadevan
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Stress Intensity Factor ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Stress Intensity ◽  
Stress State ◽  
Intensity Factor ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Equivalent Stress ◽  
Crack Tip ◽  
Residual Stress State

Shattered rim cracking, propagation of a subsurface crack parallel to the tread surface, is one of the dominant railroad wheel failure types observed in North America. This crack initiation and propagation life depends on several factors, such as wheel rim thickness, wheel load, residual stresses in the rim, and the size and location of material defects in the rim. This article investigates the effect of the above-mentioned parameters on shattered rim cracking, using finite element analysis and fracture mechanics. This cracking is modelled using a three-dimensional, multiresolution, elastic–plastic finite element model of a railroad wheel. Material defects are modelled as mathematically sharp cracks. Rolling contact loading is simulated by applying the wheel load on the tread surface over a Hertzian contact area. The equivalent stress intensity factor ranges at the subsurface crack tips are estimated using uni-modal stress intensity factors obtained from the finite element analysis and a mixed-mode crack growth model. The residual stress and wheel wear effects are also included in modelling shattered rim cracking. The analysis results show that the sensitive depth below the tread surface for shattered rim cracking ranges from 19.05 to 22.23 mm, which is in good agreement with field observations. The relationship of the equivalent stress intensity factor (Δ K eq) at the crack tip to the load magnitude is observed to be approximately linear. The analysis results show that the equivalent stress intensity factor (Δ K eq) at the crack tip depends significantly on the residual stress state in the wheel. Consideration of as-manufactured residual stresses decreases the Δ K eq at the crack tip by about 40 per cent compared to that of no residual stress state, whereas consideration of service-induced residual stresses increases the Δ K eq at the crack tip by about 50 per cent compared to that of as-manufactured residual stress state. In summary, the methodology developed in this article can help to predict whether a shattered rim crack will propagate for a given set of parameters, such as load magnitude, rim thickness, crack size, crack location, and residual stress state.

Displacement Controlled Stress Intensity Factor Solutions for Structural Integrity Assessments of Welding Residual Stress Distributions

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Toft ◽  
David Beardsmore ◽  
Colin Madew ◽  
Huego Teng ◽  
Mark Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Stress Intensity Factor ◽  
Stress Intensity ◽  
Intensity Factor ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Weight Function ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Welding Residual Stress ◽  
Crack Plane ◽  
Crack Driving Force

Within the UK nuclear industry the assessment of fracture in pressurised components is often carried out using procedures to calculate the margin of safety between a lower-bound fracture toughness and the crack driving force. Determination of the crack driving force usually requires the calculation of elastic stress intensity factor solutions for primary loads and secondary loads arising from weld residual stresses and/or thermal stresses. Within established UK assessment procedures weight function solutions are available which allow the stress intensity factors to be calculated from the through-wall opening-mode stress distribution in an uncracked component. These weight-function solutions are generally based on models where either no boundary condition is applied, or where one is applied at a distance either side of the crack plane that is very long compared with the crack size and wall thickness. Such solutions do not take into account any reduction in the stress field that might occur as the distance from the crack faces increases. Weld residual stress fields may often be expected to reduce in this manner. A separate, earlier study has shown that the stress intensity factor for a cracked plate loaded in displacement control decreases substantially as the loading plane is moved closer to the crack plane. It would therefore be expected that a similar reduction in stress intensity factor would be obtained for a residual stress analysis when displacement boundary conditions are imposed at a distance relatively close to the crack plane. This paper describes an investigation of the differences, particularly in terms of a reduction in calculated stress intensity factor, which may arise from application of displacement controlled stress intensity factor solutions, as compared with load controlled solutions, when considering weld residual stresses. Consideration is also given as to how new displacement controlled stress intensity factor solutions could be developed by modification of existing load controlled solutions.

Study on Evaluation Procedure for Calculating the Stress Intensity Factor of Flaws Beneath RPV Cladding During Pressurised Thermal Shock Events by FE Analysis

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Sakamoto ◽  
Takatoshi Hirota ◽  
Naoki Ogawa
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Stress Intensity Factor ◽  
Stress Intensity ◽  
Intensity Factor ◽  
Thermal Shock ◽  
Alloy Steel ◽  
Fe Analysis ◽  
Welding Residual Stress ◽  
Low Alloy Steel ◽  
Elastic Plastic

Elastic-plastic finite element (FE) analysis is performed to determine the plastic behavior of the reactor pressure vessel (RPV) inner surface caused by rapid cooling during pressurized thermal shock (PTS) events. However, as the J-integral is not path-independent for elastic-plastic material in the unloading process, it is necessary to apply a suitable correction method using elastic material. In addition, it is also necessary to consider the effect of the welding residual stress appropriately. Therefore, we investigated the stress intensity factor derived from FE analysis based on a model consisting of elastic-plastic cladding and linear elastic low-alloy steel with subsequent plastic zone correction, since the stress level of low-alloy steel remains within the elastic region except the crack front during a PTS event. Furthermore, we examined whether the stress mapping method is applicable for reflecting the effect of welding residual stress in FE analysis, even though the plastic strain generated during welding is ignored.

The Correction of Stress Intensity Factor for Crack Growth Evaluation Under Steep Residual Stress Distribution and Steep Yield Strength Distribution

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsuo Yasuoka ◽  
Yoshihiro Mizutani ◽  
Akira Todoroki
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Stress Intensity Factor ◽  
Stress Intensity ◽  
Stress Distribution ◽  
Intensity Factor ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Crack Tip ◽  
Strength Distribution ◽  
Residual Stress Distribution ◽  
Growth Evaluation

Welds and heat affected zones have the distribution of the residual stress or the yield strength. The crack growth evaluation is conventionally conducted using stress intensity factor in those regions. However, the stress intensity factor may be invalid when the residual stress distribution or yield strength distribution changes in the vicinity of a crack tip. The reason is that the distributions around the crack tip affect the plastic zone size and the stress intensity factor inappropriately represents the stress state in the vicinity of a crack tip. In this study, the residual stress distribution and yield strength distribution was assumed along the crack propagation path and the validity of the stress intensity factor was discussed on that condition. As a result, the stress intensity factor tended to be invalid when the steep residual stress distribution or the steep yield strength distribution. When the steep distribution exists, the crack growth evaluation should be conducted using a parameter considering the elastoplastic behavior near the crack tip. For that purpose, the authors proposed new method of the plastic zone correction using a differential term of the stress intensity factor. The new method was demonstrated through the case study for stress corrosion cracking of nuclear power plants.

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