Proteomic analysis of the effects of lutein on mammary gland metabolism in dairy cows

2018 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-156
Author(s):  
Caihong Wang ◽  
Chong Wang ◽  
Jianxin Liu ◽  
Hongyun Liu
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Differentially Expressed Proteins ◽  
Proteomic Approach ◽  
Increased Blood Flow

The aim of the research reported in this Research Communication was to identify differentially expressed proteins in dairy cows with normal and lutein diet and to elucidate the mechanisms of lutein-induced effects on bovine mammary gland metabolism using a comparative proteomic approach. Thirty-three differentially expressed proteins were identified from mammary gland of control diet-fed and lutein diet-fed dairy cows. Among these proteins, 15 were upregulated and 18 were downregulated in the lutein group. Functional analysis of the differentially expressed proteins showed that increased blood flow, depressed glycolysis, enhanced lactose anabolism, decreased fatty acid oxidation and up-regulated beta lactoglobulin expression were connected with lutein addition. These results suggested that the increased blood flow, reduced glucose catabolism, enhanced capacity for milk lactose synthesis, depressed fatty acid catabolism and increased expression of antioxidantion related protein may be the prime factors contributing to the increased milk production and enhanced immune status in lutein-fed dairy cows. This study provides molecular mechanism of dietary lutein in regulating lactation of dairy cows.

scholarly journals Polyphenol Supplementation Reverses Age-Related Changes in Microglial Signaling Cascades

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 6373
Author(s):  
Ahmad Jalloh ◽  
Antwoine Flowers ◽  
Charles Hudson ◽  
Dale Chaput ◽  
Jennifer Guergues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Interactions ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Bioinformatic Analysis ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Signaling Cascades ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Differentially Expressed Proteins ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Age Related

Microglial activity in the aging neuroimmune system is a central player in aging-related dysfunction. Aging alters microglial function via shifts in protein signaling cascades. These shifts can propagate neurodegenerative pathology. Therapeutics require a multifaceted approach to understand and address the stochastic nature of this process. Polyphenols offer one such means of rectifying age-related decline. Our group used mass spectrometry (MS) analysis to explicate the complex nature of these aging microglial pathways. In our first experiment, we compared primary microglia isolated from young and aged rats and identified 197 significantly differentially expressed proteins between these groups. Then, we performed bioinformatic analysis to explore differences in canonical signaling cascades related to microglial homeostasis and function with age. In a second experiment, we investigated changes to these pathways in aged animals after 30-day dietary supplementation with NT-020, which is a blend of polyphenols. We identified 144 differentially expressed proteins between the NT-020 group and the control diet group via MS analysis. Bioinformatic analysis predicted an NT-020 driven reversal in the upregulation of age-related canonical pathways that control inflammation, cellular metabolism, and proteostasis. Our results highlight salient aspects of microglial aging at the level of protein interactions and demonstrate a potential role of polyphenols as therapeutics for age-associated dysfunction.

Identification of differentially expressed proteins in retinoblastoma tumors using mass spectrometry-based comparative proteomic approach

2017 ◽  
Vol 159 ◽  
pp. 77-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasmine Naru ◽  
Ritu Aggarwal ◽  
Ashok Kumar Mohanty ◽  
Usha Singh ◽  
Deepak Bansal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Differentially Expressed Proteins ◽  
Proteomic Approach

Weekly excretion of the mammalian lignan enterolactone in milk of dairy cows fed flaxseed meal

2009 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 455-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Gagnon ◽  
Cristiano Côrtes ◽  
Hélène V Petit
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Baseline Level ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Secoisolariciresinol Diglucoside ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Flaxseed Meal ◽  
Ruminal Microbiota ◽  
Feeding Regimen

Flaxseed meal (FM) is rich in the plant lignan secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) which is converted to the mammalian lignans enterodiol and enterolactone (EL) by ruminal microbiota. Feeding FM to dairy cows increases linearly EL concentration in milk but enterodiol is not detected. The objectives of the study were to determine the length of time to obtain peak EL concentration in the milk of dairy cows fed 20% FM and the length of time to return to EL baseline level in milk when cows are switched from high to low intake of flax SDG. A total of 12 multiparous lactating Holstein cows were assigned randomly to one of two feeding regimens: the control (CO) diet was fed for 6 weeks or the FM diet was fed from week 0 to 3 inclusive and then cows were switched to the control diet from week 3 to 6 inclusive. Milk samples were taken weekly for EL analysis. There was a significant interaction between feeding regimen and week for milk concentration of EL as a result of higher concentration of EL from week 1 to 3 for cows on the FM regimen compared with those on the CO regimen. Concentrations of milk EL on the FM regimen maintained uniform high levels from week 1 to 3 and they decreased significantly from week 3 to 4 when the CO diet was reintroduced in week 3. This study suggests that the conversion of SDG to the mammalian lignan EL and the transfer of EL to the mammary gland are well established after one week of feeding 20% FM in the diet of dairy cows and that milk concentration of EL returns to baseline level after one week of FM deprivation.

scholarly journals Dietary effects of linseed on fatty acid composition of milk and on liver, adipose and mammary gland metabolism of periparturient dairy cows

2013 ◽  
Vol 97 ◽  
pp. 89-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Mach ◽  
R. L. G. Zom ◽  
H. C. A. Widjaja ◽  
P. G. van Wikselaar ◽  
R. E. Weurding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Dietary Effects

The role of the mammary gland during heat stress

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Ricardo Oliveira Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Transcriptional Profiling ◽  
Mammary Tissue ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
University Of Missouri ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows

[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT REQUEST OF AUTHOR.] Disruptive effects of climate change, such as increasing environmental temperature, have direct impacts on economic viability and efficiency of food production. In lactating dairy cows, heat stress reduces milk production and alters function of mammary secretory cells, at least partly by disturbing local protein metabolism. We hypothesized that hyperthermia would not only reduce mammary blood flow but would also reduce mammary extraction of nutrients from blood. In addition, we hypothesized that transcriptional profiling of mammary tissue would reveal disruption of cellular homeostasis. Our objective was to determine the effects of hyperthermia on mammary function. More specifically, we aimed to profile mammary blood flow and the changes in mammary transcriptome of heat-stressed lactating dairy cows. We investigated the effects of early and prolonged exposure of lactating dairy cows to hyperthermia by exposing cows to programmed constantly elevated temperature and humidity to induce and maintain body temperature approximately 1[degree]C above normal. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the production responses of hyperthermic lactating dairy cows, to characterize total and nutritive mammary blood flow, and to elucidate the regulation of mammary function during early and prolonged exposure to hyperthermia. Results from these studies established that 1) hyperthermia reduces total and nutritive mammary blood flow, limiting nutrient disappearance across the mammary gland; 2) hyperthermia does not induce shunting of blood away from the gland; 3) hyperthermia affects mammary tissue transcriptome, mainly altering processes associated with ECM and cell adhesion; 4) the effects of exposure to prolonged heat stress on mammary gene expression are distinct from the effects of feed restriction, in lactating dairy cows; and 5) mammary function is reestablished within 8 days after cessation of heat stress.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Fertilizer Induced Alterations in The Root Proteome of Two Rice Cultivars

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (15) ◽  
pp. 3674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tang ◽  
Sun ◽  
Chen ◽  
Damaris ◽  
Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Differentially Expressed Proteins ◽  
Proteomic Approach

Nitrogen (N) is an essential nutrient for plants and a key limiting factor of crop production. However, excessive application of N fertilizers and the low nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) have brought in severe damage to the environment. Therefore, improving NUE is urgent and critical for the reductions of N fertilizer pollution and production cost. In the present study, we investigated the effects of N nutrition on the growth and yield of the two rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars, conventional rice Huanghuazhan and indica hybrid rice Quanliangyou 681, which were grown at three levels of N fertilizer (including 135, 180 and 225 kg/hm2, labeled as N9, N12, N15, respectively). Then, a proteomic approach was employed in the roots of the two rice cultivars treated with N fertilizer at the level of N15. A total of 6728 proteins were identified, among which 6093 proteins were quantified, and 511 differentially expressed proteins were found in the two rice cultivars after N fertilizer treatment. These differentially expressed proteins were mainly involved in ammonium assimilation, amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism, signal transduction, energy production/regulation, material transport, and stress/defense response. Together, this study provides new insights into the regulatory mechanism of nitrogen fertilization in cereal crops.

scholarly journals iTRAQ Quantitative Analysis of Multidrug Resistance Mechanisms in Human Gastric Cancer Cells

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huai-Dong Hu ◽  
Feng Ye ◽  
Da-Zhi Zhang ◽  
Peng Hu ◽  
Hong Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Absolute Quantification ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Human Gastric Cancer ◽  
Differentially Expressed Proteins ◽  
Gastric Cancer Cells ◽  
Proteomic Approach

Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major obstacle towards a successful treatment of gastric cancer. However, the mechanisms of MDR are intricate and have not been fully understood. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms of MDR in gastric cancer, we employed the proteomic approach of isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ), followed by LC-MS/MS, using the vincristine-resistant SGC7901/VCR cell line and its parental SGC7901 cell line as a model. In total, 820 unique proteins were identified and 91 proteins showed to be differentially expressed in SGC7901/VCR compared with SGC7901. Several differentially expressed proteins were further validated by western blot analysis. Furthermore, the association of MVP, one of the highly expressed proteins in SGC7901/VCR, with MDR was verified. Our study is the first application of iTRAQ technology for MDR mechanisms analysis in gastric cancer, and many of the differentially expressed proteins identified have not been linked to MDR in gastric cancer before, which showed the value of this technology in identifying differentially expressed proteins in cancer.

Comparison of two variants of the Fick principle for estimation of mammary blood flow in dairy cows fed two levels of dry matter intake

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Pacheco-Rios ◽  
D. D. S. Mackenzie ◽  
W. C. McNabb
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Tritiated Water ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Flow Meters ◽  
Fick Principle ◽  
Ad Libitum

The estimation of the mammary blood flow (MBF) is an important component of studies of the utilization of metabolites by the mammary gland of lactating animals. Although there are several flow meters available to measure MBF by direct contact with the vessels perfusing the mammary gland, their use is limited mainly by the surgical preparation required for their implantation. For that reason, the application of the Fick principle was assessed as a mean to estimate MBF as part of a study on amino acid utilization by the mammary gland in three pasture-fed dairy cows at either ad libitum or restricted dry matter intakes. Two methods based on the Fick principle were assessed, namely, arterio-venous differences of amino acids (methionine: Met or phenylalanine+tyrosine: Phe + Tyr) and tritiated water (TOH). The estimated MBF was not significantly different for the Met and Phe + Tyr methods (average of 8.1 and 8.8 L min–1, respectively). The TOH method yielded a significantly lower (P < 0.05) estimate of blood flow (average of 5.3 L min–1). Using the Met and Phe+Tyr methods, the MBF was lower during the period of dietary restriction compared with the ad libitum treatment (average of 9.4 and 7.5 L min–1, respectively). In contrast, the TOH method resulted in a numerically higher MBF for the restricted group (5.7 vs. 4.9 L min–1). The short sampling period a nd the loss of indicator in the TOH method appear to be a disadvantage for extrapolating the estimated values to balance studies with lactating cows involving longer periods of time. The estimated values obtained using the Met or Phe + Tyr appear to be re presentative of the MBF during the experimental period. Therefore, any of these methods (Met, Phe + Tyr) may be used alone or in combination as an alternative to flow meters in studies of mammary metabolism. Key words: Dairy cows, mammary blood flow, Fick principle

The effect of triterpenoid saponins fromSaponaria officinalison some blood hormones, metabolic parameters and fatty acid composition in dairy cows

2015 ◽  
Vol 154 (3) ◽  
pp. 532-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. SZKUDELSKA ◽  
M. SZUMACHER-STRABEL ◽  
J. SZCZECHOWIAK ◽  
M. BRYSZAK ◽  
E. PERS-KAMCZYC ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Metabolic Parameters ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Triterpenoid Saponins

SUMMARYAn experiment was performed to determine the effect of triterpenoid saponins from powdered root ofSaponaria officinalisL. (SO) on some blood metabolic parameters and hormone concentrations in dairy cows. Three dairy Polish Holstein-Friesian cows were used in the experiment in a 3 × 3 Latin Square arrangement. Animals were fed twice a day with a control diet and two experimental diets – a diet supplemented with either 440 or 660 g/d of the powderedS. officinalisroot (SO1 and SO2, respectively). Each of the three experimental cycles lasted for 26 days, including a 23-day adaptation period and a 3-day sample collection period. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein from 24th to 26th day of the experiment. Total high-density lipoproteins cholesterol (HDL) and low-density lipoproteins cholesterol (LDL), as well as triglycerides, free fatty acids (FFA) and glucose, were assayed in serum. Fatty acid composition in the blood was also analysed. Moreover, concentrations of insulin, glucagon, leptin, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) were measured. It was demonstrated that total and HDL-cholesterol concentrations were significantly elevated in the blood of cows treated with experimental diets; however, LDL-cholesterol remained unchanged. No concentrations of triglycerides, FFA or glucose were influenced by saponins. Two fatty acids (C16 : 0 and C16 : 1c9) were markedly reduced when SO was used, while C18 : 1t11decreased with increasing levels of SO. The significant increase of C20 : 4n-6in animals treated with SO was observed. Both saponin diets resulted in a slight increase in insulin concentration and the SO2 diet evoked an emphatic rise of glucagon concentration. The concentration of T3 also increased after consumption of the experimental diet. The current study shows for the first time that triterpenoid saponins fromS. officinaliscan alter blood parameters in ruminants. These effects seem to result from saponin-induced changes in the rumen.

Expression of carnitine palmitoyl-CoA transferase-1B is influenced by a cis-acting eQTL in two chicken lines selected for high and low body weight

2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 367-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sojeong Ka ◽  
Ellen Markljung ◽  
Henrik Ring ◽  
Frank W. Albert ◽  
Mohammad Harun-Or-Rashid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Oxidation ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Cis Acting ◽  
Chromosome 1P ◽  
Coa Transferase ◽  
Trait Locus

Carnitine palmitoyl-CoA transferase-1B is a mitochondrial enzyme in the fatty acid oxidation pathway. In a previous study, CPT1B was identified as differentially expressed in the hypothalamus of two lines of chickens established by long-term selection for high (HWS) or low (LWS) body weight. Mammals have three paralogs ( CPT1a, b and c) while nonmammalian vertebrates only have two ( CPT1A, B). CPT1A is expressed in liver and CPT1B in muscle. CPT1c is expressed in hypothalamus, where it regulates feeding and energy expenditure. We identified an intronic length polymorphism, fixed for different alleles in the two populations, and mapped the hitherto missing CPT1B locus in the chicken genome assembly, to the distal tip of chromosome 1p. Based on molecular phylogeny and gene synteny we suggest that chicken CPT1B is pro-orthologous of the mammalian CPT1c. Chicken CPT1B was differentially expressed in both muscle and hypothalamus but in opposite directions: higher levels in hypothalamus but lower levels in muscle in the HWS than in the LWS line. Using an advanced intercross population of the lines, we found CPT1B expression to be influenced by a cis-acting expression quantitative trait locus in muscle. The increased expression in hypothalamus and reduced expression in muscle is consistent with an increased food intake in the HWS line and at the same time reduced fatty acid oxidation in muscle yielding a net accumulation of energy intake and storage. The altered expression of CPT1B in hypothalamus and peripheral tissue is likely to be a mechanism contributing to the remarkable difference between lines.

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