Three-dimensional knee joint reaction forces during walking and stair climbing

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 239
Author(s):  
J. Li ◽  
U.P. Wyss ◽  
K.J. Deluzio ◽  
P.A. Costigan
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Stair Climbing ◽  
Joint Reaction Forces ◽  
Reaction Forces ◽  
Joint Reaction

Foot Rotation Gait Modifications Affect Hip and Ankle, But Not Knee, Stance Phase Joint Reaction Forces During Running

2020 ◽  
Vol 143 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hunter J. Bennett ◽  
Kevin A. Valenzuela ◽  
Scott K. Lynn ◽  
Joshua T. Weinhandl
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Stance Phase ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Statistical Parametric Mapping ◽  
Muscle Physiology ◽  
Total Force ◽  
Joint Reaction Forces ◽  
Reaction Forces ◽  
Joint Reaction

Abstract Alterations of foot rotation angles have successfully reduced external knee adduction moments during walking and running. However, reductions in knee adduction moments may not result in reductions in knee joint reaction forces. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of internal and external foot rotation on knee, hip, and ankle joint reaction forces during running. Motion capture and force data were recorded of 19 healthy adults running at 3.35 m/s during three conditions: (1) preferred (normal) and with (2) internal and (3) external foot rotation. Musculoskeletal simulations were performed using opensim and the Rajagopal 2015 model, modified to a two degree-of-freedom knee joint. Muscle excitations were derived using static optimization, including muscle physiology parameters. Joint reaction forces (i.e., the total force acting on the joints) were computed and compared between conditions using one-way analyses of variance (ANOVAs) via statistical parametric mapping (SPM). Internal foot rotation reduced resultant hip forces (from 18% to 23% stride), while external rotation reduced resultant ankle forces (peak force at 20% stride) during the stance phase. Three-dimensional and resultant knee joint reaction forces only differed at very early and very late stance phase. The results of this study indicate, similar to previous findings, that reductions in external knee adduction moments do not mirror reductions in knee joint reaction forces.

Comparison of Three-Dimensional Patellofemoral Joint Reaction Forces in Persons With and Without Patellofemoral Pain

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 493-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Jen Chen ◽  
Christopher M. Powers
Keyword(s):  
Patellofemoral Joint ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Patellofemoral Pain ◽  
Biomechanical Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Joint Reaction Forces ◽  
Reaction Forces ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Joint Reaction

The purpose of this study was to determine if persons with patellofemoral pain (PFP) exhibit differences in patellofemoral joint reaction forces (PFJRFs) during functional activities. Forty females (20 PFP, 20 controls) underwent two phases of data collection: (1) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and (2) biomechanical analysis during walking, running, stair ascent, and stair descent. A previously described three-dimensional model was used to estimate PFJRFs. Resultant PFJRFs and the orthogonal components were reported. The PFP group demonstrated lower peak resultant PFJRFs and posterior component and superior component of the PFJRFs compared with the control group across all conditions. However, the PFP group had a higher peak lateral component of the PFJRF in three out of the four conditions evaluated. The lower resultant PFJRFs suggested that individuals with PFP may employ strategies to minimize patellofemoral joint loading, but it did not result in diminished lateral forces acting on the patella.

The Effect of Variations in Trunk Models in Predicting Muscle Strength and Spinal Loading

1997 ◽  
Vol 01 (01) ◽  
pp. 55-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Parnianpour ◽  
J. L Wang ◽  
A. Shirazi-Adl ◽  
P. Sparto ◽  
H.-J. Wilke
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Complex Loading ◽  
Trunk Muscles ◽  
Cost Functions ◽  
Anatomical Models ◽  
Spinal Loading ◽  
Unified Modeling ◽  
Joint Reaction Forces ◽  
Reaction Forces ◽  
Joint Reaction

A unified modeling technique is proposed to predict the strength contour of trunk muscles during isometric exertions, which can identify the feasibility of task performance and quantify the utilization ratio for assessment of risk of development of muscular fatigue and over-exertion injury. In addition, the proposed model can estimate the joint reaction forces during performance of the feasible complex loading task in upright standing. Six anatomical models and six cost functions suggested by various research groups were considered in determining their effects on the predicted three-dimensional strength and lumbar intervertebral joint reaction forces obtained using linear and nonlinear optimizations. The present investigation has shown the importance of the fidelity of anatomical models used in estimation of spinal loading and trunk strength. The effect of cost functions on estimated compression and anterior-posterior shear forces was statistically significant. These models can assist in identifying the injurious tasks that must be ergonomically modified to prevent the risk of occupationally related low back injuries.

scholarly journals THREE-DIMENSIONAL MULTI-SEGMENTED SPINE JOINT REACTION FORCES DURING COMMON WORKPLACE PHYSICAL DEMANDS/ACTIVITIES OF DAILY LIVING

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (04) ◽  
pp. 1750025
Author(s):  
Scott P. Breloff ◽  
Li-Shan Chou
Keyword(s):  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Physical Demands ◽  
Stair Descent ◽  
Joint Reaction Forces ◽  
Spine Model ◽  
Reaction Forces ◽  
Joint Reaction

Objective: The quantification of inter-segmental spine joint reaction forces during common workplace physical demands. Background: Many spine reaction force models have focused on the L5/S1 or L4/L5 joints to quantify the vertebral joint reaction forces. However, the L5/S1 or L4/L5 approach neglects most of the intervertebral joints. Methods: The current study presents a clinically applicable and noninvasive model which calculates the spinal joint reaction forces at six different regions of the spine. Subjects completed four ambulatory activities of daily living: level walking, obstacle crossing, stair ascent, and stair descent. Results: Peak joint spinal reaction forces were compared between tasks and spine regions. Differences existed in the bodyweight normalized vertical joint reaction forces where the walking (8.05[Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]3.19[Formula: see text]N/kg) task had significantly smaller peak reaction forces than the stair descent (12.12[Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]1.32[Formula: see text]N/kg) agreeing with lower extremity data comparing walking and stair descent tasks. Conclusion: This method appears to be effective in estimating the joint reaction forces using a segmental spine model. The results suggesting the main effect of peak reactions forces in the segmental spine can be influenced by task.

scholarly journals Dependency of Lower Limb Joint Reaction Forces on Femoral Anteversion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Modenese ◽  
Martina Barzan ◽  
Christopher P Carty
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Femoral Anteversion ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Grand Challenge ◽  
Anteversion Angle ◽  
Joint Reaction Forces ◽  
Reaction Forces ◽  
Joint Reaction

AbstractBackgroundMusculoskeletal (MSK) models based on literature data are meant to represent a generic anatomy and are a popular tool employed by biomechanists to estimate the internal loads occurring in the lower limb joints, such as joint reaction forces (JRFs). However, since these models are normally just linearly scaled to an individual’s anthropometry, it is unclear how their estimations would be affected by the personalization of key features of the MSK anatomy, one of which is the femoral anteversion angle.Research QuestionHow are the lower limb JRF magnitudes computed through a generic MSK model affected by changes in the femoral anteversion?MethodsWe developed a bone-deformation tool in MATLAB (https://simtk.org/projects/bone_deformity) and used it to create a set of seven OpenSim models spanning from 2° femoral retroversion to 40° anteversion. We used these models to simulate the gait of an elderly individual with an instrumented prosthesis implanted at their knee joint (5th Grand Challenge dataset) and quantified both the changes in JRFs magnitude due to varying the skeletal anatomy and their accuracy against the correspondent in vivo measurements at the knee joint.ResultsHip and knee JRF magnitudes were affected by the femoral anteversion with variations from the unmodified generic model up to 11.7±5.5% at the hip and 42.6±31.0% at the knee joint. The ankle joint was unaffected by the femoral geometry. The MSK models providing the most accurate knee JRFs (root mean squared error: 0.370±0.069 body weight, coefficient of determination: 0.764±0.104, largest peak error: 0.36±0.16 body weight) were those with the femoral anteversion angle closer to that measured on the segmented bone of the individual.SignificanceFemoral anteversion substantially affects hip and knee JRFs estimated with generic MSK models, suggesting that personalizing key MSK anatomical features might be necessary for accurate estimation of JRFs with these models.

Dynamic Force Response of Human Legs due to Vertical Jumps

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kinjal Prajapati ◽  
Fred Barez ◽  
James Kao ◽  
David Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Hip Joint ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Injury Mechanism ◽  
Ankle Injuries ◽  
Musculoskeletal Simulation ◽  
Joint Reaction Forces ◽  
Reaction Forces ◽  
Vertical Jumps ◽  
Joint Reaction

Jumping is a natural exertion that occurs during a variety of human activities including playing sports, working, skateboarding, dancing, escaping from hazardous events, rescue activities, and many others. During jumping, the ankles in particular are expected to support the entire body weight of the jumper and that may lead to ankle injuries. Each year hundreds of patients are treated for ankle sprains/strains with ankle fractures as one of the most common injuries treated by orthopedists and podiatrists. The knee joint is also considered the most-often injured joint in the entire human body. Although the general anatomy of the lower extremities is fairly well understood, an understanding of the injury mechanism during these jumping tasks is not well understood. The aim of this study is to determine the reaction forces exerted on legs and joints due to vertical jumps, through musculoskeletal simulation and experimental studies to better understand the dynamic jump process and the injury mechanism. The joint reaction forces and moments exerted on the ankle, knee and hip joint during takeoff and extreme squat landing of a vertical jump were determined through the application of musculoskeletal simulation. It is concluded that during extreme squat landing of a vertical jump, joint reaction forces and moments were highest in proximal/distal and anteroposterior direction may cause most likely injury to the hip joint ligaments, ankle fracture and knee joint, respectively.

The Effect of Knee Model on Estimates of Muscle and Joint Forces in Recumbent Pedaling

2009 ◽  
Vol 132 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Koehle ◽  
M. L. Hull
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Dynamic Simulation ◽  
Joint Model ◽  
Human Motion ◽  
Muscle Forces ◽  
Knee Model ◽  
Joint Reaction Forces ◽  
Reaction Forces ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Joint Reaction

The usefulness of forward dynamic simulations to studies of human motion is well known. Although the musculoskeletal models used in these studies are generic, the modeling of specific components, such as the knee joint, may vary. Our two objectives were (1) to investigate the effects of three commonly used knee models on forward dynamic simulation results, and (2) to study the sensitivity of simulation results to variations in kinematics for the most commonly used knee model. To satisfy the first objective, three different tibiofemoral models were incorporated into an existing forward dynamic simulation of recumbent pedaling, and the resulting kinematics, pedal forces, muscle forces, and joint reaction forces were compared. Two of these models replicated the rolling and sliding motion of the tibia on the femur, while the third was a simple pin joint. To satisfy the second objective, variations in the most widely used of the three knee models were created by adjusting the experimental data used in the development of this model. These variations were incorporated into the pedaling simulation, and the resulting data were compared with the unaltered model. Differences between the two rolling-sliding models were smaller than differences between the pin-joint model and the rolling-sliding models. Joint reactions forces, particularly at the knee, were highly sensitive to changes in knee joint model kinematics, as high as 61% root mean squared difference, normalized by the corresponding peak force of the unaltered reference model. Muscle forces were also sensitive, as high as 30% root mean squared difference. Muscle excitations were less sensitive. The observed changes in muscle force and joint reaction forces were caused primarily by changes in the moment arms and musculotendon lengths of the quadriceps. Although some level of inaccuracy in the knee model may be acceptable for calculations of muscle excitation timing, a representative model of knee kinematics is necessary for accurate calculation of muscle and joint reaction forces.

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