Capillary diameter and geometry in cardiac and skeletal muscle studied by means of corrosion casts

Capillary diameter changes were studied in the tenuissimus muscle of 29 urethan-anesthetized New Zealand White rabbits. Capillaries were visualized with transillumination bright-field microscopy (saltwater lens, x 50; resolution approximately 0.3 microns). Median capillary diameter during the control period was 4.4 microns (range 3.2-6.9 microns). Complete aortic occlusion resulted in a reduction of median femoral arterial pressure to 17 mmHg (range 4-22 mmHg). During 2 min of occlusion, capillary diameter decreased by 6%, with greater change on the arteriolar side of the capillary than on the venular side. During reactive hyperemia after release of the occluder, capillary diameter maximally increased by 12% compared with the control period, with a larger response at the arteriolar end of the capillary than at the venular end. Median capillary resistance was estimated to increase by 27% during occlusion and to decrease by 36% during peak reactive hyperemia. The observed diameter changes are compatible with the idea that capillaries change their diameter relative to changes in transmural pressure.

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Local Application of Adenosine Induces an Increase of Capillary Diameter in Skeletal Muscle of Anesthetized Rabbits

Journal of Vascular Research ◽

10.1159/000159138 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 111-118 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Jacqueline Bosman ◽

Geert-Jan Tangelder ◽

Mirjam G.A. oude Egbrink ◽

Robert S. Reneman ◽

Dick W. Slaaf

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Local Application ◽

Capillary Diameter

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Flow cessation and capillary diameter changes in skeletal muscle

10.26481/dis.19960613jb ◽

1996 ◽

Author(s):

J. Bosman

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Capillary Diameter

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Double-blind study of metaxalone; use as skeletal-muscle relaxant

JAMA ◽

10.1001/jama.195.6.479 ◽

1966 ◽

Vol 195 (6) ◽

pp. 479-480 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

S. Diamond

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Muscle Relaxant ◽

Blind Study ◽

Double Blind Study ◽

Double Blind ◽

Skeletal Muscle Relaxant

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Endotoxin Alteration of the Mucopolysaccharide Blood Vessel Coating in Rats

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100050755 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 32 ◽

pp. 148-149

Author(s):

D. E. Philpott ◽

A. Takahashi

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Endothelial Cells ◽

Salivary Gland ◽

Carotid Artery ◽

Basement Membrane ◽

Coronary Vessels ◽

Ruthenium Red ◽

E Coli ◽

Old Rats ◽

The Brain

Two month, eight month and two year old rats were treated with 10 or 20 mg/kg of E. Coli endotoxin I. P. The eight month old rats proved most resistant to the endotoxin. During fixation the aorta, carotid artery, basil arartery of the brain, coronary vessels of the heart, inner surfaces of the heart chambers, heart and skeletal muscle, lung, liver, kidney, spleen, brain, retina, trachae, intestine, salivary gland, adrenal gland and gingiva were treated with ruthenium red or alcian blue to preserve the mucopolysaccharide (MPS) coating. Five, 8 and 24 hrs of endotoxin treatment produced increasingly marked capillary damage, disappearance of the MPS coating, edema, destruction of endothelial cells and damage to the basement membrane in the liver, kidney and lung.

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Ultra-Rapid Freezing of Isolated Skeletal Muscle Fibers

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100080316 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 35 ◽

pp. 576-577

Author(s):

Joachim R. Sommer ◽

Nancy R. Wallace

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum ◽

Granular Material ◽

Nuclear Envelope ◽

Intracellular Calcium ◽

Ruthenium Red ◽

Threshold Concentration ◽

Rapid Freezing ◽

Frog Skeletal Muscle ◽

Electrical Isolation

After Howell (1) had shown that ruthenium red treatment of fixed frog skeletal muscle caused collapse of the intermediate cisternae of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), forming a pentalaminate structure by obi iterating the SR lumen, we demonstrated that the phenomenon involves the entire SR including the nuclear envelope and that it also occurs after treatment with other cations, including calcium (2,3,4).From these observations we have formulated a hypothesis which states that intracellular calcium taken up by the SR at the end of contraction causes the M rete to collapse at a certain threshold concentration as the first step in a subsequent centrifugal zippering of the free SR toward the junctional SR (JSR). This would cause a) bulk transport of SR contents, such as calcium and granular material (4) into the JSR and, b) electrical isolation of the free SR from the JSR.

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Electron Probe Analysis of Muscle

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100054583 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 40 ◽

pp. 398-401

Author(s):

A. V. Somlyo ◽

H. Shuman ◽

A. P. Somlyo

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Smooth Muscle ◽

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum ◽

Resting State ◽

Binding Sites ◽

Electron Probe ◽

Frog Skeletal Muscle ◽

Electron Probe Analysis ◽

Probe Analysis

Electron probe analysis of frozen dried cryosections of frog skeletal muscle, rabbit vascular smooth muscle and of isolated, hyperpermeab1 e rabbit cardiac myocytes has been used to determine the composition of the cytoplasm and organelles in the resting state as well as during contraction. The concentration of elements within the organelles reflects the permeabilities of the organelle membranes to the cytoplasmic ions as well as binding sites. The measurements of [Ca] in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and mitochondria at rest and during contraction, have direct bearing on their role as release and/or storage sites for Ca in situ.

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How to sample the entire length of a single muscle fiber quick-frozen after electrical point stimulation for high resolution EM

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100124288 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 776-777

Author(s):

Joachim R. Sommer ◽

Teresa High ◽

Betty Scherer ◽

Isaiah Taylor ◽

Rashid Nassar

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

High Resolution ◽

Action Potential ◽

Muscle Fiber ◽

Freeze Fracture ◽

Freeze Substitution ◽

Electrical Field Stimulation ◽

Skeletal Muscle Fiber ◽

Freeze Dried ◽

Quick Freezing

We have developed a model that allows the quick-freezing at known time intervals following electrical field stimulation of a single, intact frog skeletal muscle fiber isolated by sharp dissection. The preparation is used for studying high resolution morphology by freeze-substitution and freeze-fracture and for electron probe x-ray microanlysis of sudden calcium displacement from intracellular stores in freeze-dried cryosections, all in the same fiber. We now show the feasibility and instrumentation of new methodology for stimulating a single, intact skeletal muscle fiber at a point resulting in the propagation of an action potential, followed by quick-freezing with sub-millisecond temporal resolution after electrical stimulation, followed by multiple sampling of the frozen muscle fiber for freeze-substitution, freeze-fracture (not shown) and cryosectionmg. This model, at once serving as its own control and obviating consideration of variances between different fibers, frogs etc., is useful to investigate structural and topochemical alterations occurring in the wake of an action potential.

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Alterations in Ultrastructure of Skeletal Muscle From Newborn Guinea Pigs Following in Utero Exposure to Ethanol

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100120126 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 43 ◽

pp. 686-687

Author(s):

C. Uphoff ◽

C. Nyquist-Battie ◽

T.B. Cole

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Guinea Pigs ◽

Muscle Development ◽

In Utero ◽

Ethanol Exposure ◽

Prenatally Exposed ◽

Chronic Alcoholic ◽

Test Kit ◽

Food And Water Intake ◽

Post Intubation

Ultrastructural alterations of skeletal muscle have been observed in adult chronic alcoholic patients. However, no such study has been performed on individuals prenatally exposed to ethanol. In order to determine if ethanol exposure in utero in the latter stages of muscle development was deleterious, skeletal muscle was obtained from newborn guinea pigs treated in the following manner. Six Hartly strain pregnant guinea pigs were randomly assigned to either the ethanol or the pair-intubated groups. Twice daily the 3 ethanol-treated animals were intubated with Ensure (Ross Laboratories) liquid diet containing 30% ethanol (6g/Kg pre-pregnant body weight per day) from day 35 of gestation until parturition at day 70±1 day. Serum ethanol levels were determined at 1 hour post-intubation by the Sigma alcohol test kit. For pair-intubation the Ensure diet contained sucrose substituted isocalorically for ethanol. Both food and water intake were monitored.

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