Comparison of sample preparation and extraction procedure for the analysis of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in deposited particulate matter and bulk deposition

In this study, two alternative sample preparation procedures are proposed, using ultrasound and microwave, for rapid, reliable and easy extraction of trace elements from particulate matter samples.

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An Improved Cambridge Filter Pad Extraction Methodology to Obtain More Accurate Water and “Tar” Values: In Situ Cambridge Filter Pad Extraction Methodology

Beiträge zur Tabakforschung International/Contributions to Tobacco Research ◽

10.2478/cttr-2014-0008 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

David Ghosh ◽

Cyril Jeannet

Keyword(s):

Particulate Matter ◽

Water Content ◽

Extraction Procedure ◽

High Water ◽

Limited Range ◽

High Water Content ◽

Water Recovery ◽

Water Losses ◽

In Situ Extraction

AbstractPrevious investigations by others and internal investigations at Philip Morris International (PMI) have shown that the standard trapping and extraction procedure used for conventional cigarettes, defined in the International Standard ISO 4387 (Cigarettes -- Determination of total and nicotine-free dry particulate matter using a routine analytical smoking machine), is not suitable for high-water content aerosols. Errors occur because of water losses during the opening of the Cambridge filter pad holder to remove the filter pad as well as during the manual handling of the filter pad, and because the commercially available filter pad holder, which is constructed out of plastic, may adsorb water. This results in inaccurate values for the water content, and erroneous and overestimated values for Nicotine Free Dry Particulate Matter (NFDPM). A modified 44 mm Cambridge filter pad holder and extraction equipment which supports in situ extraction methodology has been developed and tested. The principle of the in situ extraction methodology is to avoid any of the above mentioned water losses by extracting the loaded filter pad while kept in the Cambridge filter pad holder which is hermetically sealed by two caps. This is achieved by flushing the extraction solvent numerous times through the hermetically sealed Cambridge filter pad holder by means of an in situ extractor. The in situ methodology showed a significantly more complete water recovery, resulting in more accurate NFDPM values for high-water content aerosols compared to the standard ISO methodology. The work presented in this publication demonstrates that the in situ extraction methodology applies to a wider range of smoking products and smoking regimens, whereas the standard ISO methodology only applies to a limited range of smoking products and smoking regimens, e.g., conventional cigarettes smoked under ISO smoking regimen. In cases where a comparison of yields between the PMI HTP and conventional cigarettes is required the in situ extraction methodology must be used for the aerosol of the PMI HTP to obtain accurate NFDPM/”tar” values. This would be for example the case if there were a need to print “tar” yields on packs or compare yields to ceilings. Failure to use the in situ extraction methodology will result in erroneous and overestimated NFDPM/”tar” values.

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Liquid–Solid Sample Preparation Followed by Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction Determination of Multiclass Pesticides in Soil

Journal of AOAC International ◽

10.5740/jaoacint.sge_durovic ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 95 (5) ◽

pp. 1331-1337 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Rada D Ðurović ◽

Tijana M Ðorðević ◽

Ljiljana R Šantrić

Keyword(s):

Sample Preparation ◽

Solid Phase Microextraction ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Extraction Procedure ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Optimum Number ◽

Headspace Solid Phase Microextraction ◽

Extraction Solvents ◽

Development And Validation

Abstract This paper describes development and validation of a multiresidue method for the determination of five pesticides (terbufos, prochloraz, chloridazon, pendimethalin, and fluorochloridone) belonging to different pesticide groups in soil samples by GC/MS, followed by its application in the analysis of some agricultural soil samples. The method is based on a headspace solid-phase microextraction method. Microextraction conditions, namely temperature, extraction time, and NaCl content, were tested and optimized using a 100 μm polydimethylsiloxane fiber. Three extraction solvents [methanol, methanol–acetone (1 + 1, v/v), and methanol–acetone–hexane (2 + 2 + 1, v/v/v)] and the optimum number of extraction steps within the sample preparation stage were optimized for the extraction procedure. LOD values for all the studied compounds were less than 12 μg/kg. Recovery values for multiple analyses of soil samples fortified at 30 μg/kg of each pesticide were higher than 64%. The method was proven to be repeatable, with RSD lower than 15%.

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Microwave assisted sample preparation for determining water-soluble fraction of trace elements in urban airborne particulate matter: Evaluation of bioavailability

Analytica Chimica Acta ◽

10.1016/j.aca.2006.05.051 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 576 (1) ◽

pp. 23-30 ◽

Cited By ~ 73

Author(s):

Sathrugnan Karthikeyan ◽

Umid Man Joshi ◽

Rajasekhar Balasubramanian

Keyword(s):

Trace Elements ◽

Particulate Matter ◽

Sample Preparation ◽

Soluble Fraction ◽

Airborne Particulate Matter ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Airborne Particulate ◽

Water Soluble Fraction ◽

Microwave Assisted

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Assessment of sample preparation methods for the analysis of trace elements in airborne particulate matter

Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry ◽

10.1039/c3ja50375e ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 29 (4) ◽

pp. 753-761 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

D. Salcedo ◽

J. P. Bernal ◽

O. Pérez-Arvizu ◽

E. Lounejeva

Keyword(s):

Trace Elements ◽

Particulate Matter ◽

Reference Material ◽

Sample Preparation ◽

Airborne Particulate Matter ◽

Acid Reflux ◽

Airborne Particulate ◽

Preparation Methods ◽

Icp Ms ◽

Sample Preparation Methods

A method was tested for the digestion of SRM 1648a and airborne particulate samples using acid reflux before ICP-MS analysis of trace elements. The suitability of SRM 1648(a) as a reference material for airborne PM is discussed.

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