[37] Whole-organism methods for inorganic sulfur oxidation by chemolithotrophs and photolithotrophs

1994 ◽  
pp. 510-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don P. Kelly ◽  
Ann P. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Oxidation ◽  
Inorganic Sulfur

Reduced inorganic sulfur oxidation supports autotrophic and mixotrophic growth of Magnetospirillum strain J10 and Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense

2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1031-1040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanine S. Geelhoed ◽  
Robbert Kleerebezem ◽  
Dimitry Y. Sorokin ◽  
Alfons J. M. Stams ◽  
Mark C. M. Van Loosdrecht
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Oxidation ◽  
Mixotrophic Growth ◽  
Magnetospirillum Gryphiswaldense ◽  
Inorganic Sulfur

OXIDATION OF INORGANIC SULFUR COMPOUNDS BY WASHED CELL SUSPENSIONS OF THIOBACILLUS FERROOXIDANS

1966 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 957-964 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Landesman ◽  
D. W. Duncan ◽  
C. C. Walden
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Thiobacillus Ferrooxidans ◽  
Sulfur Oxidation ◽  
Sulfur Compounds ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Washed Cell ◽  
Inorganic Sulfur ◽  
Respiration Rates ◽  
Growth Adaptation

Oxidation of various inorganic sulfur compounds by Thiobacillus ferrooxidans was studied, and conditions necessary for maximum respiration rates were established. Optimum oxidation of elemental sulfur occurred at pH 5.0 and gave a Qo2(N) of 726; oxidation of thiosulfate gave a maximum Qo2(N) of 514 at pH 4.0; tetra- and tri-thionate, when oxidized at pH 6.0, gave a maximum Qo2(N) of 103 and 113, respectively. Polythionates accumulated during thiosulfate oxidation, but did not during oxidation of elemental sulfur. Metallic sulfide minerals were oxidized optimally as follows: chalcopyrite, pH 2.0, maximum Qo2(N) 3200; bornite, pH 3.0, maximum Qo2(N) 450; pyrite, pH 2.0, maximum Qo2(N) 1600. Maximum temperature for oxidation of all inorganic sulfur compounds tested was 40 C.The effect of a variety of organic compounds on sulfur oxidation is presented.T. ferrooxidans requires growth adaptation on iron for maximum respiration on that substrate; however, sulfur oxidation is not inducible. Iron and sulfur can be oxidized simultaneously, giving a rate equal to the sum of the maximum rates of oxidation of the two substrates individually.

Oxidation of inorganic sulfur compounds: Chemical and enzymatic reactions

1999 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isamu Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Oxidation ◽  
Chemical Oxidation ◽  
Sulfur Compounds ◽  
Enzymatic Oxidation ◽  
Enzymatic Reactions ◽  
Oxidation Reactions ◽  
Microbial Oxidation ◽  
Inorganic Sulfur ◽  
Nucleophilic Cleavage ◽  
Oxidation Of Sulfur Compounds

Microbial oxidation of inorganic sulfur compounds is governed by both chemical and enzymatic reactions. It is therefore essential to understand reactions possible in chemistry when we consider enzymatic reactions. Various oxidation states of sulfur atoms in inorganic sulfur compounds and chemical oxidation reactions as well as nucleophilic cleavage of sulfur-sulfur bonds are discussed. The scheme of enzymatic oxidation of sulfur compounds with S2-→> S0→> SO32-→> SO42-as the main oxidation pathway is discussed with thiosulfate and polythionates leading into the main pathway for complete oxidation to sulfate. Enzymatic reactions are related to chemical reactions and the use of inhibitors for S0→> SO32-and SO32-→> SO42-is discussed for analyzing and establishing reaction stoichiometries. The proposed pathway is supported by a variety of evidence in many different microorganisms including some genetic evidence if the oxidation steps include all the systems irrespective of oxidizing agents (O2, Fe3+, cytochromes etc.).Key words: sulfur, oxidation, chemical, enzymatic, reactions.

scholarly journals Complete Genome Sequence of Sulfuriferula sp. Strain AH1, a Sulfur-Oxidizing Autotroph Isolated from Weathered Mine Tailings from the Duluth Complex in Minnesota

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (32) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel S. Jones ◽  
Elizabeth W. Roepke ◽  
An An Hua ◽  
Beverly E. Flood ◽  
Jake V. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Mine Tailings ◽  
Complete Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
Sulfur Oxidation ◽  
Mercury Resistance ◽  
Inorganic Sulfur ◽  
Duluth Complex ◽  
Sulfur Oxidizing

ABSTRACT We report the closed and annotated genome sequence of Sulfuriferula sp. strain AH1. Strain AH1 has a 2,877,007-bp chromosome that includes a partial Sox system for inorganic sulfur oxidation and a complete nitrogen fixation pathway. It also has a single 39,138-bp plasmid with genes for arsenic and mercury resistance.

scholarly journals POST-COMBUSTION COAL DESULFURIZATION Review

Eksergi ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Silky Amanda Yuniar ◽  
Edy Nursanto ◽  
Rika Ernawati
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Content ◽  
Coal Combustion ◽  
Sulfur Oxidation ◽  
Organic Sulfur ◽  
Inorganic Sulfur ◽  
Coal Desulfurization ◽  
Burning Coal ◽  
Cleaning Technology ◽  
Sulfur In Coal ◽  
So2 Gas

The sulfur content in coal ranges from 0.5 to 5%, and it is an impurity that must be removed before burning coal, due to the toxic effects and acid rain caused by SO2 gas generated from sulfur oxidation. Sulfur cleaning technology can be carried out on coal before combustion (pre-combustion), and can reduce the inorganic sulfur content by up to 50%; however, it cannot reduce the organic sulfur content. Therefore, the industry relies on post-combustion desulfurization to remove SO2 from the gas from coal combustion. The aim of the coal desulfurization review is to direct desulfurization research to be efficient and effective, as well as to be environmentally friendly. Sulfur in coal consists of organic sulfur and inorganic sulfur. Coal inorganic sulfur consists of pyrite (FeS2), sulfate, and sulfide. The largest composition is pyrite. Organic sulfur consists of hetero-atomic and heterocyclic (thiophenic) macromolecules that bind N and O atoms, aromatic sulfides, and aromatic disulfides (small amounts). Inorganic sulfur can easily be separated from coal by means of flotation, microwave energy, magnetic forces, ultrasonic energy, and as well as microorganisms. Meanwhile, organic sulfur cannot be separated from coal by using the methods used in the inorganic sulfur separation process. Organic sulfur can be removed by chemical and biodesulfurization, however, this process is inefficient for industrial scale. The most recommended method is the absorption of SO2 gas in the gas from coal combustion, or post-combustion desulfurization. Various methods have also been investigated to separate SO2 gas, and more details will be described in this paper.

scholarly journals Inorganic Sulfur Oxidation by Aureobasidium pullulans

1981 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 629-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Killham ◽  
N. D. Lindley ◽  
M. Wainwright
Keyword(s):  
Aureobasidium Pullulans ◽  
Sulfur Oxidation ◽  
Inorganic Sulfur

Mechanism of oxidation of inorganic sulfur compounds by thiosulfate-grown Thiobacillus thiooxidans

2001 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 348-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosemarie Jefferey Y Masau ◽  
Jae Key Oh ◽  
Isamu Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Oxidation ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Sulfur Compounds ◽  
Intact Cells ◽  
Thiobacillus Thiooxidans ◽  
Inorganic Sulfur ◽  
Sulfite Oxidation ◽  
Mechanism Of Oxidation ◽  
Hydroxy Quinoline ◽  
In Cells

Thiobacillus thiooxidans was grown at pH 5 on thiosulfate as an energy source, and the mechanism of oxidation of inorganic sulfur compounds was studied by the effect of inhibitors, stoichiometries of oxygen consumption and sulfur, sulfite, or tetrathionate accumulation, and cytochrome reduction by substrates. Both intact cells and cell-free extracts were used in the study. The results are consistent with the pathway with sulfur and sulfite as the key intermediates. Thiosulfate was oxidized after cleavage to sulfur and sulfite as intermediates at pH 5, the optimal growth pH on thiosulfate, but after initial condensation to tetrathionate at pH 2.3 where the organism failed to grow. N-Ethylmaleimide (NEM) inhibited sulfur oxidation directly and the oxidation of thiosulfate or tetrathionate indirectly. It did not inhibit the sulfite oxidation by cells, but inhibited any reduction of cell cytochromes by sulfur, thiosulfate, tetrathionate, and sulfite. NEM probably binds sulfhydryl groups, which are possibly essential in supplying electrons to initiate sulfur oxidation. 2-Heptyl-4-hydroxy-quinoline N-oxide (HQNO) inhibited the oxidation of sulfite directly and that of sulfur, thiosulfate, and tetrathionate indirectly. Uncouplers, carbonyl cyanide-m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) and 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP), inhibited sulfite oxidation by cells, but not the oxidation by extracts, while HQNO inhibited both. It is proposed that HQNO inhibits the oxidation of sulfite at the cytochrome b site both in cells and extracts, but uncouplers inhibit the oxidation in cells only by collapsing the energized state of cells, ΔµH+, required either for electron transfer from cytochrome c to b or for sulfite binding.Key words: Thiobacillus thiooxidans, thiosulfate, oxidation, sulfite.

Elemental Sulfur Oxidation in Acidiphilium spp.

2007 ◽  
Vol 20-21 ◽  
pp. 583-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thore Rohwerder ◽  
Claudia Janosch ◽  
Wolfgang Sand
Keyword(s):  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Sulfur Oxidation ◽  
Oxidation Potential ◽  
Inorganic Sulfur ◽  
Chemolithotrophic Growth ◽  
Leaching Bacteria ◽  
New Feature ◽  
Inorganic Sulfur Compound ◽  
Elemental Sulfur Oxidation

The alpha-proteobacterial genus Acidiphilium consists of several acidophilic species, generally known as a part of the mesophilc microbial flora of leaching biotopes. All of them can grow chemoorganotrophically on carbon sources like sugars and many express additional photosynthetic pigments. Thus far, only Ap. acidophilum is known to be capable of chemolithotrophic growth on elemental sulfur oxidation. The oxidation potential of inorganic sulfur species by the other strictly heterotrophic species has not yet been thoroughly investigated. Here, we demonstrate the unequivocal evidence of inorganic sulfur compound oxidation by strains of Ap. cryptum and other Acidiphilium species. Evolutionary and biochemical aspects of this new feature among the heterotrophic Acidiphilium spp. are discussed. This finding will possibly help to solve the long-standing question about the biochemical nature of elemental sulfur oxidation in mesophilic leaching bacteria.

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