Acute effects of smoking marijuana on hormones, subjective effects and performance in male human subjects

1986 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 1749-1754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward J. Cone ◽  
Rolley E. Johnson ◽  
James D. Moore ◽  
John D. Roache
Keyword(s):  
Human Subjects ◽  
Subjective Effects ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Smoking Marijuana

scholarly journals Natural Language as a Window into the Subjective Effects and Neurochemistry of Psychedelic Drugs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enzo Tagliazucchi
Keyword(s):  
Language Production ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Subjective Effects ◽  
Semantic Content ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Open Problems ◽  
Retrospective Reports ◽  
Psychedelic Drugs ◽  
Neurochemical Profile

Psychedelics are drugs capable of eliciting profound alterations in the subjective experience of the users, sometimes with long-lasting consequences. Because of this, psychedelic research tends to focus on human subjects, given their capacity to construct detailed narratives about the contents of their consciousness experiences. In spite of its relevance, the interaction between serotonergic psychedelics and language production is comparatively understudied in the recent literature. This review is focused on two aspects of this interaction: how the acute effects of psychedelic drugs impact on speech organization regardless of its semantic content, and how to characterize the subjective effects of psychedelic drugs by analyzing the semantic content of written retrospective reports. We show that the computational characterization of language production is an emergent powerful tool to predict the therapeutic outcome of individual experiences, relate the effects elicited by psychedelics with those associated with other altered states of consciousness, draw comparisons between the psychedelic state and the symptomatology of certain psychiatric disorders, and investigate the neurochemical profile and mechanism of action of different psychedelic drugs. We conclude that researchers studying psychedelics can considerably expand the range of their potential scientific conclusions by analyzing brief interviews obtained before, during and after the acute effects. Finally, we list a series of questions and open problems that should be addressed to further consolidate this approach.

scholarly journals Effect of capsinoids on energy metabolism in human subjects

2009 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose E. Galgani ◽  
Donna H. Ryan ◽  
Eric Ravussin
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Acute Effect ◽  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Axillary Temperature ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Different Doses

Capsinoids are non-pungent compounds with molecular structures similar to capsaicin, which has accepted thermogenic properties. To assess the acute effect of a plant-derived preparation of capsinoids on energy metabolism, we determined RMR and non-protein respiratory quotient (NPRQ) after ingestion of different doses of the capsinoids. Thirteen healthy subjects received four doses of the capsinoids (1, 3, 6 and 12 mg) and placebo using a crossover, randomised, double-blind trial. After a 10 h overnight fast as inpatients, RMR was measured by indirect calorimetry for 45 min before and 120 min after ingesting capsinoids or placebo. Blood pressure and axillary temperature were measured before ( − 55 and − 5 min) and after (60 and 120 min) dosing. Before dosing, mean RMR was 6247 (se92) kJ/d and NPRQ was 0·86 (se0·01). At 120 min after dosing, metabolic rate and NPRQ remained similar across the four capsinoids and placebo doses. Capsinoids also had no influence on blood pressure or axillary temperature. Capsinoids provided in four doses did not affect metabolic rate and fuel partitioning in human subjects when measured 2 h after exposure. Longer exposure and higher capsinoids doses may be required to cause meaningful acute effects on energy metabolism.

scholarly journals Acute effects of mustard, horseradish, black pepper and ginger on energy expenditure, appetite,ad libitumenergy intake and energy balance in human subjects

2012 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 556-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. T. Gregersen ◽  
A. Belza ◽  
M. G. Jensen ◽  
C. Ritz ◽  
C. Bitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Few Data

Chilli peppers have been shown to enhance diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT) and reduce energy intake (EI) in some studies, but there are few data on other pungent spices. The primary aim of the present study was to test the acute effects of black pepper (pepper), ginger, horseradish and mustard in a meal on 4 h postprandial DIT. The secondary aim was to examine the effects on subjective appetite measures,ad libitumEI and energy balance. In a five-way placebo-controlled, single-blind, cross-over trial, twenty-two young (age 24·9 (sd4·6) years), normal-weight (BMI 21·8 (sd2·1) kg/m2) males were randomly assigned to receive a brunch meal with either pepper (1·3 g), ginger (20 g), horseradish (8·3 g), mustard (21 g) or no spices (placebo). The amounts of spices were chosen from pre-testing to make the meal spicy but palatable. No significant treatment effects were observed on DIT, but mustard produced DIT, which tended to be larger than that of placebo (14 %, 59 (se3)v.52 (se2) kJ/h, respectively,P= 0·08). No other spice induced thermogenic effects approaching statistical significance. Subjective measures of appetite (P>0·85),ad libitumEI (P= 0·63) and energy balance (P= 0·67) also did not differ between the treatments. Finally, horseradish decreased heart rate (P= 0·048) and increased diastolic blood pressure (P= 0·049) compared with placebo. In conclusion, no reliable treatment effects on appetite, EI or energy balance were observed, although mustard tended to be thermogenic at this dose. Further studies should explore the possible strength and mechanisms of the potential thermogenic effect of mustard actives, and potential enhancement by, for example, combinations with other food components.

scholarly journals Acute effects of MDMA on trust, cooperative behaviour and empathy: A double-blind, placebo-controlled experiment

2020 ◽  
pp. 026988112092667
Author(s):  
Anna Borissova ◽  
Bart Ferguson ◽  
Matthew B Wall ◽  
Celia JA Morgan ◽  
Robin L Carhart-Harris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Ultimatum Game ◽  
Subjective Effects ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Controlled Experiment ◽  
Prosocial Behaviour ◽  
Cooperative Behaviour ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Bayesian Analyses

Background: 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is being actively researched as an adjunct to psychotherapy. It may be beneficial to trust, empathy and cooperative behaviour due to its acute prosocial effects. Aim: To test (a) the acute effects of MDMA on measures of empathy, trust and cooperative behaviour, and (b) subacute changes in mood three days after MDMA administration. Methods: Twenty-five participants ( n=7 female), participated in this double-blind, repeated-measures, placebo-controlled experiment. Participants attended two acute sessions, one week apart. Each acute session was followed by a subacute session three days later. Participants received placebo (100 mg ascorbic acid) during one acute session, and MDMA (100 mg MDMA-HCl) at the other, with order counterbalanced. Participants completed the following tasks assessing prosocial behaviour: a trust investment task, a trustworthy face rating task, an empathic stories task, a public project game, a dictator game and an ultimatum game. Participants reported subjective effects. Blood was taken pre-drug, 2 and 4 hours post-drug, and tested for plasma MDMA levels. Results: MDMA acutely increased self-reported ‘closeness to others’ and ‘euphoria’ and increased plasma concentrations of MDMA. MDMA did not significantly change task-based empathy, trust or cooperative behaviour. Using Bayesian analyses, we found evidence that MDMA and placebo did not differ in their effects on empathy and cooperative behaviour. MDMA did not significantly change subacute mood and this was supported by our Bayesian analyses. Conclusion: Despite augmentation in plasma MDMA levels and subjective drug effects, we found no increase in prosocial behaviour in a laboratory setting.

Acute Effects of Stretching on Flexibility and Performance: A Narrative Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila D. Lima ◽  
Cassio V. Ruas ◽  
David G. Behm ◽  
Lee E. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Narrative Review ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
And Performance
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