Physical mechanisms of hard rock fragmentation under mechanical loading: a review

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 155
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Loading ◽  
Hard Rock ◽  
Rock Fragmentation ◽  
Physical Mechanisms

scholarly journals Intelligence Prediction of Some Selected Environmental Issues of Blasting: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 298-308
Author(s):  
Bhatawdekar Ramesh Murlidhar ◽  
Danial Jahed Armaghani ◽  
Edy Tonnizam Mohamad
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Hard Rock ◽  
Ground Vibration ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Imperialist Competitive Algorithm ◽  
Rock Fragmentation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Computational Techniques ◽  
Flyrock Distance ◽  
Artificial Neural Network Ann

Background: Blasting is commonly used for loosening hard rock during excavation for generating the desired rock fragmentation required for optimizing the productivity of downstream operations. The environmental impacts resulting from such blasting operations include the generation of flyrock, ground vibrations, air over pressure (AOp) and rock fragmentation. Objective: The purpose of this research is to evaluate the suitability of different computational techniques for the prediction of these environmental effects and to determine the key factors which contribute to each of these effects. This paper also identifies future research needs for the prediction of the environmental effects of blasting operations in hard rock. Methods: The various computational techniques utilized by the researchers in predicting blasting environmental issues such as artificial neural network (ANN), fuzzy interface system (FIS), imperialist competitive algorithm (ICA), and particle swarm optimization (PSO), were reviewed. Results: The results indicated that ANN, FIS and ANN-ICA were the best models for prediction of flyrock distance. FIS model was the best technique for the prediction of AOp and ground vibration. On the other hand, ANN was found to be the best for the assessment of fragmentation. Conclusion and Recommendation: It can be concluded that FIS, ANN-PSO, ANN-ICA models perform better than ANN models for the prediction of environmental issues of blasting using the same database. This paper further discusses how some of these techniques can be implemented by mining engineers and blasting team members at operating mines for predicting blast performance.

Hard rock fragmentation with pulsed power

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hamelin ◽  
F. Kitzinger ◽  
S. Pronko ◽  
G. Schofield
Keyword(s):  
Hard Rock ◽  
Pulsed Power ◽  
Rock Fragmentation

The Dynamic Effect Analysis of Transient Unloading due to Blasting Excavation in Deep and Hard Rock Roadway

2013 ◽  
Vol 753-755 ◽  
pp. 682-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Guo ◽  
De Qing Gan ◽  
Jing Tan ◽  
Gui Lin Lv
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Method ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Hard Rock ◽  
Dynamic Effect ◽  
Rock Fragmentation ◽  
Effect Analysis ◽  
Dynamic Finite Element ◽  
Blasting Excavation ◽  
Rock Roadway ◽  
Element Method

The dynamic effect analysis of transient unloading is one of main points to the mechanism of rock fragmentation by blasting. The paper introduces the details of rhe effect of instantaneous unloading to rock fragmentation by blasting. Use the dynamic finite element method to calculate the process of transient unloading of excavation; get some conclusions about transient unloading.

scholarly journals Sanding Wells on The Island of Lombok due to Earthquake Vibrations

2021 ◽  
Vol 873 (1) ◽  
pp. 012091
Author(s):  
Bagus Endar B. Nurhandoko ◽  
M. Rizka Asmara Hadi ◽  
Kaswandhi Triyoso ◽  
Rio K. Martha ◽  
Sri Widowati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Hard Rock ◽  
Static Friction ◽  
Thrust Fault ◽  
Loose Sand ◽  
Physical Mechanisms ◽  
Damage Grade ◽  
Fault Mechanism ◽  
Fresh Water Supply ◽  
Lombok Island

Abstract The Lombok earthquake in 2018 was unique, the shocks occurred sequentially. Several major earthquakes were followed by thousands of aftershocks. The earthquake caused a devastating disaster which destroyed many homes, buildings including wells as the main fresh water supply in the Lombok Island. The focal mechanism of main earthquake shows a thrust fault mechanism. Lombok Island is originally a volcano Island which is still growing actively. Therefore surface of Island is dominated by volcanic materials, such as: volcanic rock, volcanic ash, pumice. This paper describes the phenomenon of sanding wells in Lombok, including the physical mechanisms among rock’s grains when vibrating earthquake waves. These earthquake waves can eliminate static friction between grains and reduce cohesion between grains of rock. Some subsurface images shows a strong correlation between damage grade and the existence of loose sand and hard rock.

scholarly journals Mathematical model to optimize drilling-and-blasting operations in the process of open-pit hard rock mining

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-34
Author(s):  
Petro Shcherbakov ◽  
Svitlana Tymchenko ◽  
Marat Bitimbayev ◽  
Nurzhigit Sarybayev ◽  
Serik Moldabayev
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Gamma Distribution ◽  
Hard Rock ◽  
Rock Fragmentation ◽  
Statistical Dependence ◽  
Statistical Distributions ◽  
Differential Function ◽  
Drilling Rig ◽  
Hard Rock Mining ◽  
Rock Mining

Purpose is to determine a function of the reduced expenditures connected with drilling-and-blasting operations, loading and hauling operations, and rock fragmentation depending upon the cost of machine-shift of the applied facility, its operation modes, hardness of rock being blasted, cost of the used explosive, and rock fragmentation quality based upon the developed optimization mathematical model. Methods. Method of statistical evaluation of natural blockiness structure of the rock as well as quality of its fragmentation by means of explosive energy has been applied. Statistical studies have been carried out concerning the basic indices of rock fragmentation depending upon its largeness and block hardness. Purposely-designed experimental equipment has been applied for sampling analysis of the rock fracturing in the process of its drilling by means of rotary drilling rig. The abovementioned supported representativeness of the sampling. Findings. Statistical distributions of the rock blockiness structure in terms of each bar length involving its place within the drilling assembly as well as in terms of the well depth have been compiled. Visual comparison of experimental data and theoretical data has helped determine that the statistical distributions of natural blockiness structure of the rock have the closest correlation with gamma distribution which differential function has two positive parameters. Statistical dependence has been defined between drilling-and-blasting results and the total expenditures connected with hard rock mining. Originality. A concept of oversize crushing coefficient has been introduced; its statistical dependence upon the mined rock hardness and specific consumption of the applied explosive has been derived. An alternative has been proposed concerning changes in parameters of the differential function of the assumed gamma distribution relative to the predicted granulometric composition of rock mass. Practical implications. Economic and mathematical model has been developed involving a target function of the total expenditures connected with the listed operations as well as a set of constraints avoiding incorrect decisions. The optimization method makes it possible to control drilling-and-blasting parameters at each stage of hard rock mining.

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