Sanding Wells on The Island of Lombok due to Earthquake Vibrations

The Lombok earthquake in 2018 was unique, the shocks occurred sequentially. Several major earthquakes were followed by thousands of aftershocks. The earthquake caused a devastating disaster which destroyed many homes, buildings including wells as the main fresh water supply in the Lombok Island. The focal mechanism of main earthquake shows a thrust fault mechanism. Lombok Island is originally a volcano Island which is still growing actively. Therefore surface of Island is dominated by volcanic materials, such as: volcanic rock, volcanic ash, pumice. This paper describes the phenomenon of sanding wells in Lombok, including the physical mechanisms among rock’s grains when vibrating earthquake waves. These earthquake waves can eliminate static friction between grains and reduce cohesion between grains of rock. Some subsurface images shows a strong correlation between damage grade and the existence of loose sand and hard rock.

Recent Desalination Technologies by Hybridization and Integration with Reverse Osmosis: A Review

Reverse osmosis is the leading technology for desalination of brackish water and seawater, important for solving the growing problems of fresh water supply. Thermal technologies such as multi-effect distillation and multi-stage flash distillation still comprise an important portion of the world’s desalination capacity. They consume substantial amounts of energy, generally obtained from fossil fuels, due to their low efficiency. Hybridization is a strategy that seeks to reduce the weaknesses and enhance the advantages of each element that makes it up. This paper introduces a review of the most recent publications on hybridizations between reverse osmosis and thermal desalination technologies, as well as their integration with renewable energies as a requirement to decarbonize desalination processes. Different configurations provide improvements in key elements of the system to reduce energy consumption, brine production, and contamination, while improving product quality and production rate. A combination of renewable sources and use of energy and water storage systems allow for improving the reliability of hybrid systems.

Seawater Desalination by Interfacial Solar Vapor Generation Method Using Plasmonic Heating Nanocomposites

With the ever-growing demand in fresh water supply, great efforts have been devoted to developing sustainable systems which could generate fresh water continuously. Solar vapor generation is one of the promising strategies which comprise an unlimited energy source and efficient solar-to-heat generators for overcoming fresh water scarcity. However, current solar vapor generation systems suffer either from inefficient utilization of solar energy or an expensive fabrication process. In this paper, we introduced a nano-plasmonic approach, i.e., a floatable nanocompoiste where copper sulfide nanorods (Cu2-xS NRs) are embedded in a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix, for solar-to-vapor generation. A high solar vapor generation efficiency of ~87% and water evaporation rate of 1.270 kg m−2 h−1 were achieved under simulated solar irradiation of 1 sun. With the illumination of natural daylight, seawater was purified using Cu2-xS NRs-PVA gel, with high purity, as distilled drinking water. The plasmonic nanocomposites demonstrated here are easy to fabricate and highly efficient for solar vapor generation, illustrating a potential solution for future seawater desalination.

Increase of Transportation Efficiencies and Emission Reduction within a City

On a worldwide scale population is increasing, necessitating efficiencies in transportation essential for a modern and healthy environment. Most cities have already reached their limitations on population and vehicle movement. Street layouts and cycling lanes, which were initially planned for a certain number of inhabitants, are now not able to cope with increasing demand. The same applies for fresh water supply and effluent treatment which have limitations also. With an increasing population in urban areas, restriction levels in these regions can be reached very quickly, creating a problem which needs to be addressed. A smarter city can only be developed when there is pre-planning on all of these issues, when there is an understanding of newly developed human behaviours, and when new inventions and technologies in urban areas can adapt to these changes.

Increase of Transportation Efficiencies and Emission Reduction within a City

On a worldwide scale population is increasing, necessitating efficiencies in transportation essential for a modern and healthy environment. Most cities have already reached their limitations on population and vehicle movement. Street layouts and cycling lanes, which were initially planned for a certain number of inhabitants, are now not able to cope with increasing demand. The same applies for fresh water supply and effluent treatment which have limitations also. With an increasing population in urban areas, restriction levels in these regions can be reached very quickly, creating a problem which needs to be addressed. A smarter city can only be developed when there is pre-planning on all of these issues, when there is an understanding of newly developed human behaviours, and when new inventions and technologies in urban areas can adapt to these changes.

Participation Framework to Sustainability

The topic of bottled water is particularly timely since water crisis and waste plastics are shifting from one of problem-framing to what is much more concerned to climate agenda. As plastics are everywhere to make life possible for a faster and convenient pace of society, bottled water has become one of the most disposable products to be consumed and disposed of, on a regular basis, both at and away from home. These eventually translate to consumer wastes causing a profound impact to the environment. The more bottles mean more greenhouse gases from production, transportation, waste bottles management, including fresh water supply. These adverse impacts are compounding a framework to justify as to how producer and consumer apply, individually and within the whole product life cycle, to sustainable consumption and production practice (SCP).

Potensi dan Daya Dukung Pantai Labuhan Haji Dalam Pengembangan Kawasan Pariwisata di Kabupaten Lombok Timur

Labuhan Haji Beach is one of the tourism area in Lombok Timur Regency who more visited by domestic tourist. The development tourism area required data and informations about conditions of environment. The objective of this research is to analyze conditions of environment Labuhan Haji beach based on the some of hidro oceanography and beach morphology aspect, Tourism appropriateness index (Indeks Kesesuaian Wisata/IKW) and carrying capacity (Daya Dukung Kawasan/DDK). The hidro oceanography and beach morphology aspect is the type, the width, the material of bottom waterworks, the current speed, the slope of beach, the brightness, the wave, the land cover beach, the dangerous of biota, and the fresh water supply. This research is qualitative descriptive with survey method. There area 21 quays investigated in this research. The data gathered based on the parameter in each quay are then analized using Tourism appropriateness index (Indeks Kesesuaian Wisata/IKW) which is agreed with beach tourism appropriateness matrix. Based on the data gained from each quay, it can be concluded that all the investigated quays area categorized very appropriate. The results of analysis Tourism Appropriateness Index (Indeks Kesesuaian Wisata/IKW) for recreation area is 85-91% and swim area is 81-87% the quays area categorized very appropriate and boatting area is 59-84%. This mean that all the area in well conditions for tourism activity with maximum carrying capacity 240 person/day.