Errors in variables in a random-effects probit model for panel data

1987 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 339-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chihwa Kao ◽  
John F. Schnell
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Random Effects ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Errors In Variables

scholarly journals MIKROEKONOMETRYCZNE MODELOWANIE ZAWIERANIA UMÓW KREDYTOWYCH NA CELE KONSUMPCYJNE

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-104
Author(s):  
Jan Malchar ◽  
Hanna Dudek
Keyword(s):  
Data Structure ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Random Effects ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Social

The purpose of the article is to identify factors affecting the willingness to take loans and credits for consumption by households and to verify the validity of using the probit model with random effects. Based on the analysis of data from the "Social Diagnosis" survey, it is found which determinants influence the analyzed phenomenon. The conclusions from the analysis clearly indicate the appropriateness of using the panel data structure in modeling, which allows to specify the unobservable effects of individual analyzed households.

A mechanism to improve the allocation of public investment funds

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 1522-1533
Author(s):  
A.V. Larionov
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Random Effects ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Allocative Efficiency ◽  
Investment Funds ◽  
The Public ◽  
Panel Data Regression ◽  
Data Regression ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽  
Effective System

Subject. This article deals with the issue of improving the public investment allocative efficiency. Objectives. The article aims to develop an approach to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of public investment in the economy. Methods. The study is based on a panel data regression with random effects. Conclusions and Relevance. All sectors of the economy have different demand for investment resources attracted, determined by operational and technological aspects. The results of the study can be used to develop an effective system of public investment.

scholarly journals Insights on Crash Injury Severity Control from Novice and Experienced Drivers: A Bivariate Random-Effects Probit Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Daiquan Xiao ◽  
Quan Yuan ◽  
Shengyang Kang ◽  
Xuecai Xu
Keyword(s):  
Random Effects ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Novice Drivers ◽  
Error Terms ◽  
Time Specific ◽  
Crash Types ◽  
Crash Injury Severity

This study intended to investigate the crash injury severity from the insights of the novice and experienced drivers. To achieve this objective, a bivariate panel data probit model was initially proposed to account for the correlation between both time-specific and individual-specific error terms. The geocrash data of Las Vegas metropolitan area from 2014 to 2017 were collected. In order to estimate two (seemingly unrelated) nonlinear processes and to control for interrelations between the unobservables, the bivariate random-effects probit model was built up, in which injury severity levels of novice and experienced drivers were addressed by bivariate (seemingly unrelated) probit simultaneously, and the interrelations between the unobservables (i.e., heterogeneity issue) were accommodated by bivariate random-effects model. Results revealed that crash types, vehicle types of minor responsibility, pedestrians, and motorcyclists were potentially significant factors of injury severity for novice drivers, while crash types, driver condition of minor responsibility, first harm, and highway factor were significant for experienced drivers. The findings provide useful insights for practitioners to improve traffic safety levels of novice and experienced drivers.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PENYEDERHANAAN STRUKTUR TARIF CUKAI SPESIFIK TERHADAP KONSUMSI ROKOK

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Indah Lestari
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Random Effects ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Rate Structure ◽  
Price Increases ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Structure Simplification ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Unbalanced Panel Data

ABSTRACT:  This study is conducted to estimate the impact of the increase in regular and specific excise rates structure simplification on cigar's consumption through its price. Using data in 2015 and applying random effect model for unbalanced panel data on Sigaret Kretek Mesin-type and Sigaret Kretek Tangan-type of the cigar, this study compares the impact of price increases due to both specific excise rate structure simplification and regular increase on the excise rate in cigar’s consumption. The results indicate that increase in the specific excise rate structure simplification has a lower impact on raising cigar’s prices than regular excise rate increases. Furthermore, the impact of price increases due to the specific excise rate structure simplification is greater in reducing cigar’s consumption than the price increases due to regular excise rate increases. In addition, it is found that the average price of Sigaret Kretek Mesin-type is lower and has an average consumption that is much higher than Sigaret Kretek Tangan-type. Overall, this result suggests that the specific excise rate structure simplification's policy should be continued in order to reduce cigar's consumption.Keywords: specific excise rate structure simplification, cigar’s consumption, random effects modelABSTRAK:  Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kenaikan tarif cukai biasa maupun spesifik terhadap konsumsi rokok melalui harga jual ecerannya. Rokok yang digunakan adalah rokok jenis Sigaret Kretek Mesin (SKM) dan Sigaret Kretek Tangan (SKT). Dengan menggunakan data tahun 2015 dan menerapkan random effect pada unbalanced panel data, penelitian ini membandingkan pengaruh kenaikan harga jual eceran akibat penyederhanaan struktur tarif cukai spesifik dan kenaikan tarif cukai biasa terhadap konsumsi rokok. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penyederhanaan struktur tarif cukai spesifik berpengaruh lebih rendah terhadap kenaikan harga jual eceran rokok dibandingkan dengan akibat kenaikan tarif biasa. Lebih lanjut, pengaruh kenaikan harga jual eceran akibat penyederhanaan struktur tarif cukai spesifik lebih besar dalam mengurangi konsumsi rokok dibandingkan kenaikan harga jual eceran akibat kenaikan tarif cukai biasa. Selain itu ditemukan bahwa harga jual eceran rata-rata rokok jenis Sigaret Kretek Mesin (SKM) lebih rendah dan mempunyai rata-rata konsumsi yang jauh lebih tinggi dibandingkan rokok jenis Sigaret Kretek Tangan (SKT). Secara menyeluruh, temuan ini menyarankan agar kebijakan penyederhanaan struktur tarif cukai perlu dilanjutkan karena efektif untuk mengurangi konsumsi rokok. Kata kunci: Penyederhanaan struktur tarif cukai spesifik, konsumsi rokok, random effects model.   

scholarly journals Why Do Household Businesses Stay Informal?

2020 ◽  
pp. 134-157
Author(s):  
Thi Bich Tran ◽  
Hai Anh La
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Random Effects ◽  
Random Effects Model ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Medium Enterprise ◽  
Enterprise Surveys ◽  
Net Benefits ◽  
Unbalanced Panel Data

Using unbalanced panel data from the small and medium enterprise surveys in 2005, 2007, 2009, 2011, 2013, and 2015, this chapter investigates factors associated with informality in Vietnam. We assume that household businesses, especially the top tier firms, become formal either because they perceive benefits of formalization such as an increase in the household performance, or because they want to escape bribes and harassment. Using the random effects model with controlling for the pre-formalization trends, our results show that productive household businesses stay informal because net costs from tax payment may surpass net benefits from formalization. Moreover, government controls do not promote formalization, especially among the ‘upper’ tiers of informal households. Our findings raise suspicions of collusion corruption between informal households in top tiers and officials. Future steps could be qualitative and quantitative studies to investigate collusion corruption as a determinant of informality in developing countries.

scholarly journals Sars-Cov-2 in Argentina: Lockdown, Mobility, and Contagion

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan M.C. Larrosa
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Granger Causality ◽  
Random Effects ◽  
Social Costs ◽  
Political Discussion ◽  
Fixed And Random Effects ◽  
The World ◽  
Causality Tests ◽  
Granger Causality Tests ◽  
Over Time

AbstractThere is a debate in Argentina about the effectiveness of mandatory lockdown measures in containing COVID-19 that lasts five months making it one of the longest in the World. The population effort to comply the lockdown has been decreasing over time given the economic and social costs that it entails. We contributes by analyzing the Argentinian case through information of mobility and contagion given answers to recurrent questions on these topics. This paper aims to fill the gap in the literature by assessing the effects of lockdown measures and the regional relaxation on the numbers of rate of new infections. We also respond to issues of internal political discussion on regional contagion and the effect of marches and unexpected crowd events. We use pool, fixed and random effects panel data modeling and Granger causality tests identifying relations between mobility and contagion. Our results show that lockdown in Argentina has been effective in reducing the mobility but not in way that reduces the rate of contagion. Strict lockdown seems to be effective in short periods of time and by extend it without complementary measures loss effectiveness. Contagion rate seems to be discretely displaced in time and resurging amidst slowly increasing in mobility.

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