Effects of straw mulching in a “summer fallow—3 times spring wheat” rotation in Northern Kazakhstan, U.S.S.R.

1980 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 239-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.M. Bakajev ◽  
M.K. Souleymenov ◽  
I.A. Vasjko
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Straw Mulching ◽  
Northern Kazakhstan ◽  
Summer Fallow

ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF MINIMUM TILLAGE SYSTEMS FOR SUMMER FALLOW IN SOUTHERN ALBERTA

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 631-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. ZENTNER ◽  
C. W. LINDWALL
Keyword(s):  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Minimum Tillage ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
Resource Requirements ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Summer Fallow

The economic feasibility of substituting herbicides for mechanical tillage of summer fallow was assessed under a spring-wheat-fallow rotation at Lethbridge, Alberta. Six minimum tillage and two conventional tillage treatments were evaluated over a 9-yr period for differences in resource requirements and overhead costs. Also, break-even costs for herbicides that equate the cost of fallowing with minimum and conventional tillage systems were estimated at three prices for wheat and three prices for labor. The minimum tillage treatments required an average of 14.2% and 4.1% less resources than for the blade-only and one-way disc-only treatments (i.e., conventional tillage treatments), respectively. The herbicides-only treatment required the least amount of labor, fuel and oil, and machine repairs averaging 15.0, 22.7 and 22.9% less, respectively, than that required for the blade-only treatment. Break-even costs for herbicides were highest for the herbicides/fall blade treatment averaging $54.98, $77.59, and $100.20/ha relative to the blade-only treatment at wheat prices of $147, $220, and $294/t, respectively, and a price for labor of $5/h. The herbicides-only treatment ranked second with break-even costs averaging 16–33% lower than for the herbicides/fall blade treatment under similar price assumptions.

GROWING SUNFLOWERS IN SOUTHWESTERN SASKATCHEWAN

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-316
Author(s):  
D. W. L. READ ◽  
C. H. ANDERSON ◽  
C. A. CAMPBELL
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Deleterious Effect ◽  
Wind Erosion ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Hard Red Spring Wheat ◽  
Alternative Crop ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
Summer Fallow

Sunflower is a possible alternative crop to hard red spring wheat in semiarid southwestern Saskatchewan. To date, little research has been done on sunflowers in this region. A study was carried out to determine the proper row spacing at which this crop should be grown. At the same time, it was necessary to determine whether sunflowers would leave sufficient residues to protect the soil from wind erosion while encouraging overwinter snow conservation. Sunflowers were grown on summer fallow at 18-, 36- and 53-cm row spacing, with and without added P fertilizer, over a 5-yr period. Hard red spring wheat was grown for comparison. A row spacing of 36 cm produced greater sunflower yields than did row spacings of 18 or 53 cm. Fertilizer increased the yield of 18-cm spacing slightly only in wet years. Yield of wheat was 1.9–3.5 times as great as that of sunflowers. Sunflowers had no deleterious effect on the yield of a subsequent wheat crop. There was no difference between sunflowers and wheat regarding their effect on soil erosiveness or water and nitrogen use.

EFFECTS OF THE CONTINUOUS USE OF 2,4-D AND MCPA ON SPRING WHEAT PRODUCTION AND WEED POPULATIONS

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. V. McCURDY ◽  
E. S. MOLBERG
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Annual Weeds ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid ◽  
Summer Fallow

An experiment was conducted to determine whether annual applications of herbicides have any harmful residual effects on the growth of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Amine and ester formulations of (2,4-dichlorophenoxy) acetic acid (2,4-D) were applied to plots on Indian Head clay soil each year from 1947 to 1972. On other plots in the same experiment, the sodium salt of 2,4-D was applied each year from 1947 to 1952, followed by amine or ester formulations of [(4-chloro-o-tolyl)oxy]acetic acid (MCPA) from 1953 to 1972. Two rates of application were used, a low rate suitable for controlling susceptible annual weeds and a high rate suitable for controlling perennial weeds. Check plots receiving no herbicide were arranged to be adjacent to each treated plot. A 3-yr rotation of wheat, wheat, summer fallow was followed. The effects of the herbicides on grain yields and weed growth were observed. Some reductions in grain yields were caused by the high rates of ester formulations but there was no evidence of any buildup of herbicides or harmful residual effects from the treatments. The herbicides did not eradicate any of the weeds but drastically reduced the numbers emerging in the crops and on the summer fallow.

scholarly journals The Effect of Fly Ash Application at Cultivation of Spring Wheat on Chernozem Soils of Northern Kazakhstan

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 1007-1015
Author(s):  
Ainur K. Mukhanbet ◽  
Abilzhan T. Khusainov ◽  
Sagintai Z. Elubayev ◽  
Alimbai M. Balgabayev ◽  
Razia K. Khusainova
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Northern Kazakhstan ◽  
Chernozem Soils

scholarly journals Pathogenic complexity of septoria spot disease of wheat in northern Kazakhstan

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandukash Amantaevna Babkenova ◽  
Adylkhan Temirhanovich Babkenov ◽  
Elena Vasilyevna Pakholkova ◽  
Belgibay Kamalovich Kanafin
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Septoria Tritici ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Main Zone ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Wheat Diseases ◽  
Northern Kazakhstan ◽  
Wheat Cultivation ◽  
Causative Agents

Northern Kazakhstan is the main zone of spring wheat cultivation where, 85 % of the cultivated area is located. There is not a single variety resistant to Septoria spot among the varieties approved for use. The frequency of epiphytoties of wheat diseases in the northern part of Kazakhstan is four cases every ten years. During the years of epiphytotic development of brown rust and Septoria spot with the dominance of a particular disease, the yield of spring wheat is reduced by 25 % or more. Knowledge of the species composition of pathogens of Septoria spot allows a more focused approach to the study and creation of varieties of wheat resistant to this disease. The aim of the research is to study the species of Septoria spot pathogens in wheat in Northern Kazakhstan. In 2018–2019, the pathogenic complex of the causative agents of wheat Septoria spot was studied. The collection of leaves affected by Septoria spot was carried out on spring wheat varieties in the steppe, forest-steppe zones of Northern Kazakhstan. The species composition of Septoria pathogens was determined from microscopic preparations from the collected samples; which were represented by three types of septorial fungi: Septoria tritici, Stagonospora nodorum, Stagonospora avenae. In the steppe and forest-steppe zones of Northern Kazakhstan, the dominant species was S. tritici followed by S. nodorum.

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