The influence of methods of basic tillage and fertilizers on the content of basic nutrients in leached chernozem

Relevance. The preservation, reproduction and rational use of agricultural soil fertility is the main condition for the stable development of the agro-industrial complex. Mechanical tillage systems, the use of mineral and microbiological fertilizers are one of the main links in adaptive landscape farming systems. In the conditions of a sharp decrease in the rates of fertilizer application, an increase in the imbalance of elements of mineral nutrition of plants observed in recent years in agroecosystems, the function of improving the regimes of chernozems, preserving their fertility is designed to perform resource-saving technologies of soil cultivation in combination with effective methods of using agrochemicals that combine environmental and economic feasibility.Methods. The experiments were laid in 2017–2019 on chernozem heavy loamy soils typical for most farms in the Ulyanovsk region. The object of the study is spring wheat, the variety Ulyanovskaya 100. The subject of the study is the methods of tillage, doses of mineral fertilizers, the biological product "BisolbiFit". The following technological methods of using the biological product were studied: seed treatment before sowing, non-root treatment of vegetating plants and a combination of these methods. The experiment was carried out on three backgrounds: N0P0K0 (control); 2) N30P30K30; 3) N60P60K60.Results. It was found that the best nitrification ability was possessed by variants with fine combback and comb-back with soil-deepening treatment, in which the weighted average content of nitrate nitrogen was 3.29–3.33 mg/100 g, which is 35–36%; 26–28%; 43–44% more than with fine, conventional non-dump and dump treatment respectively. Plowing improved the conditions of phosphorus and potassium nutrition of plants by 25–37% and 6–14% compared to other treatments. When N30P30K30 and N60 P60 K60 were applied to the soil, the content of nitrate nitrogen increased by 46 and 91%, phosphorus — by 0–14% and potassium — by 6 and 21% compared to the nonfertilized background. More effective in terms of the effect on the productivity of spring wheat were comb-shaped treatments, where the average yield was 2.89–2.94 t/ha, which exceeded the usual plowing by 0.19–0.24 t/ha. The greatest increase in yield was obtained when combining the methodsseed treatment + spraying of vegetative plants with the biological preparation "BisolbiFit". On an unfertilized background, the increase in grain yield was -0.71, on the background of N30P30K30 — 1.04, on the background of N60P60K60 — 1.56 t/ha.

Insulin biosimilars in clinical practice

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an important medical and social problem throughout the world due to its high prevalence. At the same time, the majority of patients have type 2 diabetes. The onset of the disease is gradual, with a prolonged asymptomatic preclinical stage. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct screening among patients at risk. Therapy for type 2 diabetes is carried out with oral hypoglycemic drugs. If it is impossible with their help to achieve adequate glycemic control, it is possible to add basal insulin to therapy, and if the own insulin secretion is depleted, an intensive insulin therapy regimen must be prescribed. Insulin preparations differ in the source of receipt, as well as in the duration of action: background, or basal (insulin of medium duration, long-term or ultra-long-acting) and prandial, or food (ultrashort and short insulin). Currently, along with original insulin preparations, their analogues, or biosimilars (biosimilars), appear on the pharmaceutical market. Biosimilar (biosimilar) is a biological product similar in quality, efficacy and safety parameters to a reference biological medicinal product in the same dosage form and having an identical route of administration. Biosimilars are used all over the world, and this applies not only to insulin preparations, but also to other biological preparations. Proof of bioequivalence is a long-term process that ensures comparability and the absence of clinically significant differences between the study and the reference drug, and includes preclinical and clinical studies. The task of studies of biosimilars of insulin is to confirm the comparability with a reference, previously well-studied biological product. The efficacy and safety of domestically produced biosimilars has been studied in a number of clinical studies, during which the bioequivalence of the drugs was shown. These drugs are of high quality and safe, and their pharmacological characteristics, immunogenicity and effectiveness do not differ from the original drugs.

The influence of mineral fertilizers and biopreparation on growth and development of soybean plants

The soybean (Glycine max) is one of the most important food plants of the world, and seems to be growing in importance. It is an annual crop, fairly easy to grow, that produces more protein and oil per unit of land than almost any other crop. It is a versatile food plant that, used in its various forms, is capable of supplying most nutrients. It can substitute for meat and to some extent for milk. It is a crop capable of reducing protein malnutrition. In addition, soybeans are a source of high value animal feed. Nevertheless, the soybean is adapted primarily to the Temperate Zone. Each improved variety has an adaptation determined in large part by latitude. Soybean requires careful home processing to bring out its best qualities, and if not well prepared, it has an off-flavor that is seldom appreciated Soybeans need to be inoculated with a particular strain of Rhizobium fungus before planting. This fungus fixes nitrogen (i. e. takes elemental nitrogen from the air and adds it to the soil in a form that the soybean plant can use). However, if soybeans are planted in a field that contained soybeans as a previous crop, they may not require inoculation because the Rhizobium will still be in the soil. If soybeans are not grown in association with Rhizobium, they will grow more slowly, require nitrogen fertilizer, and yield less. Rhizobium inoculum must be fresh (viable) and is usually purchased with the seed. If Rhizobium inoculum is not available in a particular area, and soybeans are not now being grown, it may be difficult to produce this crop. Soybeans need fertilizer, including both the macronutrients phosphorous and potassium (P and K) and sometimes micronutrients. Nitrogen is not required if soybeans are properly inoculated. Soybeans need rather large amounts of phosphorous, calcium, magnesium, and sulfur. Minor elements are sometimes required. Soybeans cannot be recommended for unfertilized soils. For optimum soybean yield, it is necessary to use both biological N2-fixation and nitrogen uptake by soybean roots. Nitrogen fertilizer applied to soybean is based on the plant nitrogen needs during seedling development prior to nodule formation that is crucial to the growth and development of soybean As with all crops, soybean yield is the result of the net accumulation of organic compounds assimilated through photosynthesis. Research on soybean photosynthesis conducted during the 1950’s and 1960’s found that several cultivars grown at that time became light saturated. However, much of those data were collected from plants grown in a greenhouse or other artificial environment. Much of the information on the response of soybean photosynthesis to changing light levels however is dated, having been published prior to 1985, with cultivars that are no longer in production, using less portable and sophisticated instrumentation than is now available. In the article are presented results of researching peculiarities of growth development and formation of soybean photosynthetic productivity depending on weather conditions, level of mineral fertilization and different application methods of biological product on the chelate form under conditions of the Right-bank Forest-Steppe. It is established that a systematic approach to soybean nutrition, namely its cultivation on the background of optimal doses of mineral fertilizers N30P45K45 and the use of biological product Organic-Balance for seed treatment in combination with foliar feeding creates the best conditions for growth, development and preservation of maximum plants full ripeness, which is the basis for obtaining high grain yields.

Интенсификация биоремедиации нефтезагрязненных почв с использованием природного консорциума микроорганизмов

Currently biological methods of cleaning oily soils significantly developed as the most accessible and effective. In their basis – the use of hydrocarbon-oxidizing microorganisms (HOM) metabolic potential. At the same time, as practice shows, existing preparations containing HOM are not effective enough in extreme soil-climatic conditions, in this connection the search for indigenous strains of oil-oxidizing bacteria and the development of new biological preparations are of current interest. The aim of this work is to study the effectiveness of HOM strains for restoring the biological activity of oil-contaminated soil. A study of the microflora of unpolluted and oil-contaminated soil taken from the experimental site of the “Shymkent” oil pumping station of “KazTransOil” JSC was carried out: the total number of microorganisms was 210·106cells/g and 130·106 cells/g, respectively. From 16 НOM strains isolated from oil-contaminated soil, 3 bacterial strains were selected to create an association and use as a biological product-oil destructor – P12, P16, A8. Based on the results of genotyping, strains P12 and P16 correspond to the species Pseudomonas aeruginosa, strain A8 belongs to the species Alcaligenes denitrificans. The associations of Pseudomonas sp. P16, Pseudomonas sp. P12 and Alcaligenes sp. A8 showed better growth in comparison with monocultures on a nutrient medium with hydrocarbons. Bioremediation of artificially oil polluted site process, which carried out for 120 days using a biological product created on the basis of the association of strains P12, P16 and A8, decreased the content of hydrocarbons 3.4 times, and with additional application of mineral fertilizers (ammophos) – 4.6 times. Thus, proved the expediency of using HOM strains P12, P16, A8 for the purpose of bioremediation of oil-contaminated soils. The results of the study can be used to improve economical and environmental efficiency of work when carrying out measures to eliminate the consequences of oil spills on the ground. Биологические методы очистки нефтесодержащих почв в настоящее время имеют существенное развитие как наиболее доступные и эффективные. В их основе – использование метаболического потенциала углеводородокисляющих микроорганизмов (УОМ). При этом, как показывает практика, существующие препараты, содержащие УОМ, недостаточно эффективны в экстремальных почвенно-климатических условиях, в связи с чем актуальными являются вопросы поиска аборигенных штаммов нефтеокисляющих бактерий и разработка новых биопрепаратов. Цель работы – исследование эффективности штаммов УОМ для восстановления биологической активности нефтезагрязненного почвогрунта. Проведено изучение микрофлоры незагрязненной и нефтезагрязненной почвы, отобранной с экспериментального участка ГНПС «Шымкент» АО «КазТрансОйл»: общее количество микроорганизмов составило 210·106 кл/г и 130·106кл/г, соответственно. Из выделенных из нефтезагрязненной почвы 16 штаммов УОМ были отобраны три штамма бактерий для создания ассоциации и применения в качестве биопрепарата-нефтедеструктора – Р12, Р16, А8. По итогам генотипирования установлено, что штаммы Р12 и Р16 соответствуют виду Pseudomonas aeruginosa, штамм А8 относится к виду Alcaligenes denitrificans. Установлено, что в составе ассоциаций штаммы Pseudomonas sp. P16, Pseudomonas sp. P12 и Alcaligenes sp. A8. показали лучший по сравнению с монокультурами рост на питательной среде с углеводородами. В процессе биоремедиации участка с искусственным нефтезагрязнением, проводимой в течение 120 суток с использованием биопрепарата, созданного на основе ассоциации штаммов P12, P16 и A8, содержание углеводородов снизилось в 3,4 раза, а при дополнительном внесении минеральных удобрений (аммофоса) – в 4,6 раза. Таким образом, доказана целесообразность использования штаммов УОМ Р12, Р16, А8 с целью биоремедиации нефтезагрязненных почв. Результаты исследования могут быть использованы для повышения экономической и экологической эффективности работ при проведении мероприятий по ликвидации последствий разливов нефти на почве.

Influence of biopreparation ‘Zamin-M’ on cotton plants (gossypium hirsutum) under soil salinization in Uzbekistan

In this article, a microbial inoculant acting as a biofertilizer is considered as a biostimulant, consisting of three strains of local salt-tolerant strains of rhizobacteria Pseudomonas stutzeri SKB308, Bacillus subtilis SKB309, Bacillus megaterium SKB310. The authors have developed and introduced into agricultural practice an experimental sample of the biological product ‘Zamin-M’, which increases the resistance of cotton to stress conditions of soil salinity. It is proved that the biological product ‘Zamin-M’ increases soil fertility has a beneficial effect on the enzymatic activity of the soil and the development of a population of beneficial microorganisms. The bioproduct ‘Zamin-M’ is presented as a new stimulant in the practice of growing cotton in saline conditions. An agricultural technique for the use of a local biological product in agriculture has been developed. The ‘Zamin-M’ is included by the State Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan in the list of agrochemicals and pesticides permitted for use in agriculture of the Republic of Uzbekistan (certificate No. 1A1005).

Pembuatan Video Edukasi Vaksinasi Covid-19 Pada Civitas Akademika Universitas Muhammadiyah Mataram

Vaccine is a biological product that used to stimulate the production of antibodies and provide immunity against infectious disease. In he beginning of 2021, Indonesia has started vaccination program for COVID-19. The main purpose of the program is to prevent the massive spread of corona virus, which has caused pandemic since December2019. There are some steps of vaccination program based on the community target. Muhammadiyah University of Mataram as a formal educational institution that gives public service to society is included in the second step of vaccination. However, the variety of field at the institution causes the knowledge differences about vaccine. Therefore, education to help civitas academics to understand more about vaccine was needed. Education was done by audio visual method or video. The videos were made with two language, Indonesian and English. Some contents that included in the video were vaccine definition, type of vaccine, vaccine’s mechanism of action, vaccine’s benefit, COVID-19 vaccine, the possible effects after getting COVID-19 vaccine and how to overcome them. The videos was uploaded in the internet and distributed online to che civitas academics. Through this video, it is hoped that the civitas academics can understand the importance of their participation in COVID-19 vaccine.

The reaction of soybean varieties to the use of a biological product

Relevance. In the conditions of the Central Black Earth region in the farm “Yaroslav the Wise” of the Starooskolsky district of the Belgorod region, five soybean varieties (Belgorodskaya 48, Bara, Victoria, Opus and Kassidi) were studied on nutritional backgrounds — without seed inoculation and without biological treatment (control), using only inoculation and with the use of a biological product against the background of seed inoculation.Methods. The experimental conditions differed in rainfall patterns and the amount of heat, their distribution was especially uneven in 2020, that had a significant negative effect on the yield of all studied soybean varieties. The soil of the experimental plot is typical medium-thick chernozem, medium-humus, heavy loamy texture. The advantages of the soybean variety Opus, the plants of which formed a large height, air-dry mass, leaf area, a greater number and mass of nitrogen-fixing nodules on the roots, were revealed. Plants of this variety provided a higher yield level in all studied agro-backgrounds.Results. The yield varied from 32,5 centners per hectare (control) to 36,2 centners per hectare (when using the biological product Biogor, Zh). The content and collection of protein were also higher in the Opus cultivar in all the studied agrophones. In comparison with the control, the protein content was higher by 4% (background — control), by 4,9% — with inoculation of seeds and by 6,1% — when using a biological product. The same pattern is observed when assessing the oil content in seeds and collecting protein and oil per hectare of soybean sowing. Inoculation of seeds with soybean inoculant Nitragin, KM improved plant development and increased productivity, as well as the profitability of cultivation of the studied soybean varieties, which was higher when using a biological product against the background of seed inoculation by an average of 27%, while with only inoculation — by only 15,1%.

Productivity, quality and efficiency of spring durum wheat cultivation when treating crops with a biological product

The production experiments were carried out based on the farm “Yaroslav the Wise” of the Starooskol district of the Belgorod region. The article studies the effect of the biological product Biogor KM during the pre-sowing treatment of grain in combination with double spraying of growing plants of spring durum wheat Dar Chernozemya 2. One of the experiments provides for grain processing with the period of “germination-ripening” of its wheat plants reduced by 8 days. The second variant, in addition to processing the grain, had two sprayings carried out during the growing season. The second experiment lasted even less by 12 days in comparison with the control variant. The article establishes the positive influence of the biological product on the formation of the productivity structure of spring durum wheat plants. Grain processing in combination with spraying during the growing season led to the formation of the best productivity structure: plant height was 39% higher, the number of spikelets was 41.8% higher, the number of spikelets was higher by 35.3%, and the grain weight per spike was 39.2%. versus the control variant. The yield in the experiment was in direct proportion to the method of application of the biological product and the conditions of the growing season. The largest increase in yield - 0.40 t / ha or 14.5% was obtained in the variant with grain processing in combination with double spraying of plants during the growing season, the average yield for the studied period was 3.14 t / ha and was maximum, indicators of economic and bioenergy efficiency was also the best.

Assessment of economically valuable traits of apple varieties and features of the main elements of the technology for their cultivation in an arid climate

The purpose of the research is to create winter-hardy, large-fruited, high-yielding, high-quality varieties of apple trees of different ripening periods and their growing technology (use of a biological product) in the South Urals. The research was carried out on the basis of Orenburg Experimental Station of Horticulture and Viticulture - a branch of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Federal Scientific Selection and Technology Center for Horticulture and Nursery ” from 1999 to 2020. Research objects were summer apple varieties – “Orenburgskoe”, “Orenburgskoe krasnoe”, “Solntsedar” (K); winter – “Orenburgskoe pozdnee”, “Zimnee”, “Yuzhnouralskoe” (K). The counts and observations were carried out according to generally accepted methods. As a result of the studies, the data obtained showed that the property of short stature as a genetic trait of resistance is transmitted to the offspring during hybridization. The varieties “Orenburgskoe pozdnee”, “Zimnee” and “Yuzhnouralskoe” showed the greatest increase in productivity embodiment experience “Evrikor Forte + 7” 2.5 l / ha by 25.4%, 24.3% and 22.2% respectively. Thus, the application of “Eurikor-Forte + 7” increased both the number of fruits and their weight, and also increased the yield of the studied varieties.

Fluxes of 15N, soil nitrogen in sod-podzolic soil in spring wheat crops under inoculation with Rhyzoagrin

In a microfield experiment using a labeled nitrogen 15N fertilizer on sod-podzolic light loamy soil for 11 years during the cultivation of spring wheat and the use of a biological product based on a strain belonging to the genus Agrobakterium radiobakter (strain 204), nitrogen flows in the fertilizer – soil – plant system were studied. The utilization rate of spring wheat labeled with 15N ammonium nitrate averaged 40% of the amount applied. The absolute size of the immobilization in the structure of the labeled nitrogen balance of the mineral fertilizer was 27-30%. Inoculation with Rhyzoagrin does not significantly affect the nitrogen immobilization of the mineral fertilizer. The gaseous losses of labeled nitrogen of the mineral fertilizer were 33% of those applied to the background of the phosphorus and potash fertilizers and decreased with inoculation with Rhyzoagrin to 29%. The use of an integral assessment showed that the agroecosystem functioned in the resistance mode on sod-podzolic light-loamy soil when using mineral nitrogen fertilizer. The dependence of the indicator RI: M, % of the HTC (hydrothermal coefficient) expressed by the equation y = -24, 506x2 + 43,462 x + 15,251 at R2 = 0.7416 is established.