Influence of reduced tillage systems on organic matter, microbial biomass, macro-aggregate distribution and structural stability of the surface soil in a humid climate

1992 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 361-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.R. Carter
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Structural Stability ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Humid Climate ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Aggregate Distribution

Long-term effects of tillage intensity on the distribution of microbial biomass and activity in four arable field-sites across Europe

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilka Schmoock ◽  
Deborah Linsler ◽  
Mignon Sandor ◽  
Rainer Georg Joergensen ◽  
Martin Potthoff
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Soil Microbial Biomass ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Minimum Tillage ◽  
Soil Microbial

<p>Over the last decades, reduced tillage became more and more important as a suitable soil management practice. Moreover, reduced tillage is expected to promote a healthy and active soil life as a feature of sustainable agricultural. The determination of soil microbial biomass and microbial indices are suitable indicators for estimating soil quality. This study follows a regional approach and focusses at four different countries with varying environmental conditions at long-term experimental field-sites (LTE´s) across Europe. Soil microbial biomass carbon (SMB-C), the metabolic quotient (<em>q</em>CO<sub>2</sub>) and the ratio of SMB-C to soil organic carbon (SOC) were measured as microbial properties.</p><p>Our contribution to the ongoing discussion of the effectiveness of non-conventional tillage systems is (i) the comparison between conventional ploughing (CT) and minimum tillage (MT), (ii) the comparison of inversion vs. not inversion tillage at the same working depth, (iii) the comparison of ploughing vs. no-tillage (NT), (iv) the comparison between reduced tillage systems with each other (MT vs. NT).</p><p>We found a significant difference of SMB-C for CT and MT between 0 and 10 cm in Germany and Sweden, but no difference between tillage treatments for the sampled soil profile (0-30 cm). We highlight that tillage changed the vertical distribution of SMB-C, showing similar values among soil depths under CT and a depth gradient with decreasing values for MT.</p><p>The comparison of inversion vs. not inversion tillage at the same working depth in Romania showed no differences between CT and MT at all. This suggests that humus-rich soils seem to be more resistant to tillage-related disturbances. The working depth might have a greater impact for both, inversion and non-inversion tillage than the type of the tillage system itself.</p><p>For the comparison of CT and NT, we used the field-sites in Spain and Sweden. In Spain, NT was clearly of advantage for microbial biomass and activity, compared to CT. This was true for the whole sampled soil profile (0-30 cm) whereas in Sweden differences could only be detected between SMB-C levels in two soil depths. Our results indicate that the effect of tillage seems to be smaller in cold-temperate areas.</p><p>Comparing MT and NT in Sweden, we found no difference in SMB-C between these two forms of conservation tillage, neither in the first centimeters, nor in the whole sampled profile. Consequently, minimum tillage seems to be an alternative in cold and moist regions if no-tillage is not possible to apply without reducing soil quality or crop yields.</p><p>We conclude that even if minimum and no-tillage are generally beneficial for microorganisms, there is a big variance between the different forms of reduced tillage systems. Thus, statements cannot be made across different soils and machine types, but have to be made on a regional scale.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Interactive effects of management practices on water-stable aggregation and organic matter of a Humic Gleysol

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 545-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Bissonnette ◽  
Denis A. Angers ◽  
Régis R. Simard ◽  
Jean Lafond
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Dairy Manure ◽  
Soil Aggregation ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
C And N

In many soils, the content and quality of organic matter (OM) control water-stable aggregation, which in turn preserves soil surface integrity. The effects of management practices on soil OM and aggregation remain to be determined for certain soils and climatic conditions. We assessed the effects of eight management systems involving two crop sequences: [barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) monoculture (M) and barley in rotation (R) with a forage mix of red clover ( Trifolium pratense L.) and timothy ( Phleum pratense L. ‘Champ’)], two fall tillage [moldboard plowing (MP) and chisel plowing (CP)] and two nutrient sources [liquid dairy manure (LDM) and mineral fertilizers (MIN)] on soil aggregation and OM fractions of a silty clay Humic Gleysol. Soil samples from the 0–7.5 cm layer were taken periodically during 7 yr, and the total C and N, microbial biomass C (MBC) and carbohydrate (AHC) contents, alkaline phosphatase activity (APA), and water-stable aggregation were determined. By the 7th yr, initial total C and N contents of the surface soil had increased by 35 and 45%, respectively, in R-CP-LDM. They were slightly increased in R-CP-MIN an d R-MP-LDM, whereas they decreased by an average of 19% in R-MP-MIN and all monoculture plots. Increases in C contents were attributed to higher annual C inputs from forage residues and LDM, less frequent tillage in the rotation, and shallower tillage with CP. The MBC, APA, AHC and aggregation generally responded faster and to a greater degree to conservation management practices than total C and N. Overall, conservation tillage and manure applications resulted in greater improvement in surface soil conditions when used in a rotation system rather than in a monoculture. The rapid rate of changes in soil properties suggests that the surface quality of this cold silty clay soil can be improved relatively quickly with selected management combinations. Key Words: Cropping systems, total soil C, microbial biomass, carbohydrate, alkaline phosphatase, soil aggregation, liquid dairy manure, reducted tillage, rotations

scholarly journals The Effect of Different Soil Tillage Systems and Crop Residues on the Composition of Weed Communities

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1276
Author(s):  
Vaida Steponavičienė ◽  
Aušra Marcinkevičienė ◽  
Lina Marija Butkevičienė ◽  
Lina Skinulienė ◽  
Vaclovas Bogužas
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Weed Communities

The composition of weed communities in agricultural crops is dependent on soil properties and the applied agronomic practices. The current study determined the effect of different tillage systems and crop residue on the soil weed community composition. The research programme encompassed 2013–2015 in a long-term field experiment located in the Experimental Station of Vytautas Magnus University in Lithuania. The soil type in the experimental field was qualified as Endocalcaric Stagnosol (Aric, Drainic, Ruptic, Amphisiltic). Weeds were categorised into communities according to soil pH, nitrogen and moisture indicators. The results of investigations were grouped using cluster analysis. Agricultural crops were dominated by different weed species depending on the soil pH and moisture. Weed species were relatively more frequent indicating nitrogen-rich and very nitrogen-rich soils. In the reduced tillage and no-tillage systems, an increase in the abundance of weed species indicating moderate acidity and low acidity, moderately wet and wet, nitrogen-rich and very nitrogen-rich soils was observed. The application of plant residues decreased the weed species abundance. In the reduced tillage and no-tillage systems, the quantitative distribution of weed was often uneven. By evaluating the association of weed communities with groups of different tillage systems with or without plant residues, their control can be optimised.

scholarly journals The influences of sedimentary environments on organic matter enrichment in fine-grained rocks of the Paleogene Shahejie formation in Nanpu Sag, Huanghua Depression, Bohai Bay Basin

2021 ◽  
pp. 014459872110310
Author(s):  
Min Li ◽  
Xiongqi Pang ◽  
Guoyong Liu ◽  
Di Chen ◽  
Lingjian Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Source Rocks ◽  
Bohai Bay ◽  
Bohai Bay Basin ◽  
Humid Climate ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Huanghua Depression ◽  
Shahejie Formation ◽  
Nanpu Sag

The fine-grained rocks in the Paleogene Shahejie Formation in Nanpu Sag, Huanghua Depression, Bohai Bay Basin, are extremely important source rocks. These Paleogene rocks are mainly subdivided into organic-rich black shale and gray mudstone. The average total organic carbon contents of the shale and mudstone are 11.5 wt.% and 8.4 wt.%, respectively. The average hydrocarbon (HC)-generating potentials (which is equal to the sum of free hydrocarbons (S1) and potential hydrocarbons (S2)) of the shale and mudstone are 39.3 mg HC/g rock and 28.5 mg HC/g rock, respectively, with mean vitrinite reflectance values of 0.82% and 0.81%, respectively. The higher abundance of organic matter in the shale than in the mudstone is due mainly to paleoenvironmental differences. The chemical index of alteration values and Na/Al ratios reveal a warm and humid climate during shale deposition and a cold and dry climate during mudstone deposition. The biologically derived Ba and Ba/Al ratios indicate high productivity in both the shale and mudstone, with relatively low productivity in the shale. The shale formed in fresh to brackish water, whereas the mudstone was deposited in fresh water, with the former having a higher salinity. Compared with the shale, the mudstone underwent higher detrital input, exhibiting higher Si/Al and Ti/Al ratios. Shale deposition was more dysoxic than mudstone deposition. The organic matter enrichment of the shale sediments was controlled mainly by reducing conditions followed by moderate-to-high productivity, which was promoted by a warm and humid climate and salinity stratification. The organic matter enrichment of the mudstone was less than that of the shale and was controlled by relatively oxic conditions.

Chemical composition of cover crops and soil organic matter pools in no‐tillage systems in the Cerrado

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arminda Moreira de Carvalho ◽  
Luana Ramos Passos Ribeiro ◽  
Robélio Leandro Marchão ◽  
Alexsandra Duarte de Oliveira ◽  
Karina Pulrolnik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems
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