Partial decolorization of Kraft pulp at high temperature and at high pH values with an extracellular xylanase from Bacillus stearothermophilus

1993 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Shoham ◽  
Z. Zosim ◽  
E. Rosenberg
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Bacillus Stearothermophilus ◽  
High Ph ◽  
Ph Values

Impact of climate and bulking materials on characteristics of compost from ecological toilets

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
James W. McKinley ◽  
Rebecca E. Parzen ◽  
Álvaro Mercado Guzmán
Keyword(s):  
Low Carbon ◽  
Pathogen Inactivation ◽  
High Ph ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Urine Diversion ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Dominant Process ◽  
Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Storage Times ◽  
Carbon Concentrations

Urine-diversion dehydration toilets (UDDT) are common throughout the developing world, and the toilet product is widely used as compost. There is no comprehensive research to date that characterizes the compost to determine its quality, extent of pathogen inactivation, and the effects of climate and bulking materials on the compost. Compost was collected from 45 UDDT in Bolivia and analyzed for physical, chemical, and biological parameters. Eighty percent and 56% of samples did not meet acceptable compost guidelines for moisture content and pH, respectively, indicating desiccation was the dominant process in UDDT. Bulking materials significantly impacted compost characteristics in terms of pH, carbon, carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, and carbon stability (P < 0.05). Composts with ash exhibited, on average, low carbon concentrations (4.9%) and high pH values (9.7), which can be harmful to plants and composting microorganisms. Composts with sawdust exhibited, on average, high carbon concentrations (40.0%) and carbon-to-nitrogen ratios (31.0). Climate had no significant impact on chemical characteristics, however composts from humid regions had significantly higher moisture contents (34.4%) than those from arid climates (24.8%) (P < 0.05). Viable Ascaris lumbricoides ova were identified in 31% of samples, including samples with high pH, low moisture contents, and long storage times.

Potential of a Novel Thermotolerant Lipase Bacillus stearothermophilus nr22 (Lip.nr-22) as Additive in High Temperature Operated-Neutral pH Liquid Detergent

2017 ◽  
Vol 735 ◽  
pp. 136-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nik Raikhan Nik Him ◽  
Nurul Shafika Azmi
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Bacillus Stearothermophilus ◽  
Laundry Detergent ◽  
Detergent Formulation ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Oil Removal ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Detergent Concentration ◽  
Neutral Ph ◽  
Commercial Detergents

Enzyme-added detergent must have the capability to operate at high temperature to support the enzyme proteins to clean soiled-fabrics at optimum conditions. Lipase from Bacillus stearothermophilus nr22 (Lip.nr-22) has improved the oil removal from soiled-cotton fabric by 38.8-51.4% in 4 types of local commercial detergents. The later was the oil removal from an unrevealed detergent. The optimum conditions were 108U/ml Lip.nr-22 in 0.1M, pH 7.0, washing temperature and washing time interval as 80°C and 40 min, respectively; shaking wash at 300 rpm and percentage of detergent concentration as 0.5. Lip.nr-22 is a very potential enzyme in high temperature-neutral pH operated laundry detergent formulations. It has exhibited a very excellent thermostability at 80°C, was very stable with surfactants, commercial detergents as well as with oxidizing agents (H2O2, NaBO3H2O and NaClO). Lip.nr-22 as additive in detergent formulation is a promise for better detergent formulation.

Resistance of Spirulina platensis to Ammonia at High pH Values

1991 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 953-958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shimshon Belkin ◽  
Sammy Boussiba
Keyword(s):  
Spirulina Platensis ◽  
High Ph ◽  
Ph Values

Chemisorption of methylene blue by kaolinite

Clay Minerals ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. A. Faruqi ◽  
Susumu Okuda ◽  
W. O. Williamson
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
High Ph ◽  
Inorganic Cations ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Aqueous Suspensions ◽  
Exchange Site

AbstractThe chemisorption of methylene blue by kaolinite crystals increased as the aqueous suspensions changed from acid to alkaline because, at high pH values, not only the basal pinacoids but the edge-faces were negatively charged. The inability to calculate acceptable specific surfaces or cation exchange capacities from the chemisorption data is discussed, with special reference to the orientation of adsorbed dye cations, the covering of more than one exchange site by a monomer or polymer, the different concentrations of exchange sites on the basal pinacoids and edge-faces respectively, the possibility that such sites occur on the tetrahedral rather than on the octahedral basal pinacoid, and the incomplete replacement of inorganic cations.

Bentonite Interaction with Saline High-pH Solutions

2012 ◽  
Vol 1475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heikola Tiina ◽  
Vuorinen Ulla
Keyword(s):  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Buffering Capacity ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
High Ph ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Safety Function ◽  
Bentonite Buffer ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Leaching Solution ◽  
In The Beginning

ABSTRACTDegradation of cementitious materials produces leachates of high pH. Such an alkaline plume, if reaching the bentonite buffer, is likely to induce mineralogical and chemical changes in bentonite over long times and may jeopardise the set safety function of the buffer.The objective of this ongoing research is to study the possible alterations of two bentonites, MX-80 and Deponit CA-N, in alkaline leachates at two different temperatures. Also the buffering capacity of the bentonites against high pH will be evaluated.The ongoing batch experiments are carried out in an anaerobic glove-box (Ar atmosphere, low CO2) at two temperatures (25/60 °C) with three types of simulated cement waters (pH 9.7/9,3, 11.3/10.2 and 12.0/10.9) at 25/0 °C) and one saline groundwater simulate (pH 8.3/7.9) as reference. The solid to liquid ratio used is 1/10. For each set of experiments there are three parallels so that bentonite alteration can be analysed after three different time periods. In the experiment each bentonite sample is leached with several batches of leaching solution. For each renewal of the leaching solution the phases are separated by centrifugation, the reacted solution withdrawn and the chemical composition analysed.The high-pH experiments (11.3 and 12.0, at 25°C) have continuously shown an initial decrease in the pH-values after each leachate renewal, albeit less dramatic than in the beginning, indicating remaining buffering capacity of the bentonites. The other two experiments (pH 8.3 and 9.7 at 25°C) have shown rather unaltered pH-values. In general, slightly lower pH-values were observed in the Deponit CA-N samples than in those of MX-80. The main cations (Na and Ca) analysed in the leachates have shown a rather expected trends as a result of ion-exchange occurring in the bentonites. The analysed Si concentrations indicate possible dissolution of smectite. More conclusions are possible after the bentonites have been characterized. One experimental set of the 25 °C experiments has been finished and the bentonite phases are being characterized. Other experiment sets are still continued.

Role of nickel and chrome in the active-passive transition in low-strength steels in media with high pH values

1989 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-39
Author(s):  
A. V. Vasilik ◽  
S. I. Girnyi ◽  
R. K. Melekhov
Keyword(s):  
High Ph ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Passive Transition ◽  
Low Strength

Comparison of milks processed by the direct and indirect methods of ultra-high-temperature sterilization. III. A note on the results for spore destruction obtained with an experimental ultra-high-temperature milk sterilizer

1970 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Burto
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Inhibitory Action ◽  
Bacillus Stearothermophilus ◽  
Inhibitory Factor ◽  
Indirect Methods ◽  
Direct And Indirect Methods ◽  
Ultra High Temperature

SummaryThe bacteriological results of Franklin, Underwood, Perkin & Burton (1970) are analysed to show that colony counts of Bacillus stearothermophilus spores in UHT-treated milk are influenced by the inhibitory action of the milk, so that the sporicidal effects of the UHT process as calculated from the results are too high. Only the elimination of the inhibitory factor will allow true sporicidal effects to be determined.

Modeling Equilibrium Swelling of a Dual pH- and Temperature-Responsive Core/Shell Hydrogel

2016 ◽  
Vol 08 (03) ◽  
pp. 1650039 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Hamzavi ◽  
A. D. Drozdov ◽  
Y. Gu ◽  
E. Birgersson
Keyword(s):  
Ph Sensitivity ◽  
Core Shell ◽  
Polymer Gel ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Degree Of Ionization ◽  
High Ph ◽  
The Core ◽  
Ionic Core ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Equilibrium Swelling

The equilibrium swelling of a dual stimuli-responsive core/shell hydrogel is studied by a thermodynamic model. This hydrogel shows thermo-sensitivity as well as pH-sensitivity. The model captures the inhomogeneous swelling of core/shell hydrogels and also, accounts for temperature and pH sensitivity. The predictions of this model are verified with the swelling experiments of a core/shell microgel comprising poly N-isopropyl acrylamide (pNIPAM) and acrylic acid (AAc). The model calculates the equilibrium swelling within the ionic core and the neutral shell. Simulation results can reproduce the equilibrium swelling-temperature curves of this microgel at different pH values considering the delay in the volume phase transition temperature (VPTT) of the ionic polymer gel (pNIPAM-co-AAc) in the core. Two transition points are found in the equilibrium swelling behavior of the hydrogel akin to the VPTTs of the core and shell domains at high pH values of bath solutions. Likewise, the degree of ionization in the core domain is predicted to have a two-step transition behavior corresponding to the VPTTs of the core and shell domains at high pH values of bath solutions. It is shown that the equilibrium swelling of the ionic core is mainly influenced by the electrostatic repulsion between bound charges rather than the ionic pressure. Furthermore, it is determined that the maximum radial stress occurs at the core/shell interface and reaches its maximum value about the VPTT of the core.

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