Potential of a Novel Thermotolerant Lipase Bacillus stearothermophilus nr22 (Lip.nr-22) as Additive in High Temperature Operated-Neutral pH Liquid Detergent

2017 ◽  
Vol 735 ◽  
pp. 136-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nik Raikhan Nik Him ◽  
Nurul Shafika Azmi
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Bacillus Stearothermophilus ◽  
Laundry Detergent ◽  
Detergent Formulation ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Oil Removal ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Detergent Concentration ◽  
Neutral Ph ◽  
Commercial Detergents

Enzyme-added detergent must have the capability to operate at high temperature to support the enzyme proteins to clean soiled-fabrics at optimum conditions. Lipase from Bacillus stearothermophilus nr22 (Lip.nr-22) has improved the oil removal from soiled-cotton fabric by 38.8-51.4% in 4 types of local commercial detergents. The later was the oil removal from an unrevealed detergent. The optimum conditions were 108U/ml Lip.nr-22 in 0.1M, pH 7.0, washing temperature and washing time interval as 80°C and 40 min, respectively; shaking wash at 300 rpm and percentage of detergent concentration as 0.5. Lip.nr-22 is a very potential enzyme in high temperature-neutral pH operated laundry detergent formulations. It has exhibited a very excellent thermostability at 80°C, was very stable with surfactants, commercial detergents as well as with oxidizing agents (H2O2, NaBO3H2O and NaClO). Lip.nr-22 as additive in detergent formulation is a promise for better detergent formulation.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a New Lipase fromStaphylococcussp. for Detergent Additive Capability

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mamta Chauhan ◽  
Rajinder Singh Chauhan ◽  
Vijay Kumar Garlapati
Keyword(s):  
Laundry Detergent ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Oil Removal ◽  
Detergent Additive ◽  
New Era ◽  
Industrial Environment ◽  
Oxidizing Agents ◽  
Washing Efficiency ◽  
Nonionic Detergent ◽  
Commercial Detergents

Lipases are the enzymes of choice for laundry detergent industries owing to their triglyceride removing ability from the soiled fabric which eventually reduces the usage of phosphate-based chemical cleansers in the detergent formulation. In the present study, a partially purified bacterial lipase fromStaphylococcus arlettaeJPBW-1 isolated from the rock salt mine has been assessed for its triglyceride removing ability by developing a presoak solution so as to use lipase as an additive in laundry detergent formulations. The effects of selected surfactants, commercial detergents, and oxidizing agents on lipase stability were studied in a preliminary evaluation for its further usage in the industrial environment. Partially purified lipase has shown good stability in presence of surfactants, commercial detergents, and oxidizing agents. Washing efficiency has been found to be enhanced while using lipase with 0.5% nonionic detergent than the anioinic detergent. The wash performance using 0.5% wheel with 40 U lipase at 40°C in 45 min results in maximum oil removal (62%) from the soiled cotton fabric. Hence, the present study opens the new era in enzyme-based detergent sector for formulation of chemical-free detergent using alkaline bacterial lipase.

Deterioration of Local Mechanical Properties of HVOF-Sprayed Stellite 6 after Exposure to High-Temperature Corrosion

2015 ◽  
Vol 662 ◽  
pp. 115-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zdeněk Česánek ◽  
Jan Schubert ◽  
Šárka Houdková ◽  
Olga Bláhová ◽  
Michaela Prantnerová
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
High Temperature Corrosion ◽  
Corrosion Testing ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Coating Properties ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Stellite 6 ◽  
Coating Surface ◽  
Before And After

Coating properties determine its behavior in operation. The simulation of future operational conditions is therefore the best quality test. The evaluation during operation is usually not possible to perform, and the coatings are therefore frequently characterized by their physical or mechanical properties. This text deals with the high temperature corrosion of HVOF sprayed Stellite 6 coating and with changes of its local mechanical properties before and after the corrosion testing. High temperature corrosion is defined as a corrosion in the presence of molten salts. In this case, the mixture of salts in composition of 59% Na2(SO)4 with 34.5% KCl and 6.5% NaCl was used. Two exposure temperatures 525 °C and 575 °C were selected and the tests for both temperatures were performed in the time interval of 168h in the autoclave. The coating with salt mixture layer was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and nanoindentation. The high temperature resistance of Stellite 6 coating was evaluated according to the changes in the coating surface and by the occurrence of individual phases formed on the coating surface during the test. Generally, it can be said that the Stellite 6 alloys deposited by HVOF technology show selective oxidation under the salt film. This fact was also proved in this study. Furthermore, the nanoindentation measurements of Stellite 6 coating were performed before and after the corrosion testing. These measurements were used to evaluate the change of local mechanical coating properties.

The physicochemical properties of five vegetable oils exposed at high temperature for a short-time-interval

2021 ◽  
pp. 104305
Author(s):  
Laura Mitrea ◽  
Bernadette-Emoke Teleky ◽  
Loredana-Florina Leopold ◽  
Silvia-Amalia Nemes ◽  
Diana Plamada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Short Time Interval ◽  
Short Time

The Acquisition and Maintenance of Thermotolerance in Australian Wheats

1990 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Blumenthal ◽  
F Bekes ◽  
CW Wrigley ◽  
EWR Barlow
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Degree Of Protection ◽  
Concomitant Reduction ◽  
Shock Proteins

The exposure of wheat (Triticum aestivum) coleoptiles to a transient high temperature stress results in the synthesis of a group of proteins known as the heat shock proteins (hsps). The appearance of these proteins is associated with a concomitant reduction in normal protein synthesis and has been correlated with the acquisition of thermotolerance (assessed as growth of coleoptiles). Pretreatment with a sublethal heat shock confers protection to a subsequent heat shock that would otherwise have been lethal. In addition, we find that increasing the time interval between the sublethal heat treatment and the subsequent heat shock from 0 to 72 h reduces the protective effect of the sublethal heat treatment considerably. The five cultivars examined (Sunelg, Sunco, Hartog, Vulcan, Halberd) showed differences in the degree of protection acquired, and in the length of time for which protection was maintained. Hartog was found to be the most thermotolerant, and acquired the greatest degree of protection from exposure to a sublethal heat treatment, but the duration of this acquired protection was shorter than in the remaining cultivars. Sunelg was most susceptible to a heat shock but the duration of acquired protection was the greatest.

Hydrolysis of polyacrylamide and acrylic acid-acrylamide copolymers at neutral pH and high temperature

Polymer ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 860-870 ◽  
Author(s):  
Houchang Kheradmand ◽  
Jeanne François ◽  
Véronique Plazanet
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Acrylic Acid ◽  
Neutral Ph ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Acrylamide Copolymers

Comparison of milks processed by the direct and indirect methods of ultra-high-temperature sterilization. III. A note on the results for spore destruction obtained with an experimental ultra-high-temperature milk sterilizer

1970 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Burto
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Inhibitory Action ◽  
Bacillus Stearothermophilus ◽  
Inhibitory Factor ◽  
Indirect Methods ◽  
Direct And Indirect Methods ◽  
Ultra High Temperature

SummaryThe bacteriological results of Franklin, Underwood, Perkin & Burton (1970) are analysed to show that colony counts of Bacillus stearothermophilus spores in UHT-treated milk are influenced by the inhibitory action of the milk, so that the sporicidal effects of the UHT process as calculated from the results are too high. Only the elimination of the inhibitory factor will allow true sporicidal effects to be determined.

Isolation and characterization of a bacteriocin produced by Bacillus stearothermophilus strain NU-10

1976 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 1743-1750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald Yule ◽  
B. D. Barridge
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Stationary Phase ◽  
Bacillus Stearothermophilus ◽  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Small Molecular Weight ◽  
Optimal Production ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Neutral Ph ◽  
Isolation And Characterization

Broth-grown cultures of Bacillus stearothermophilus strain NU-10 produce a bacteriocin which exerts lethal activity on other strains of the bacterium. Optimal production occurs during late maximum stationary phase of growth, at neutral pH, and 55–65 °C. The bacteriocin can be substantially purified by a combination of precipitations, centrifugations, and gel filtrations. The thermocin is composed of protein and carbohydrate. It is partially destroyed by proteolytic enzymes but is resistant to DNase, RNase, and various chemical treatments. The bacteriocin has a small molecular weight and exhibits considerable thermostability.

An analysis of the performance of an ultra-high-temperature milk sterilizing plant: IV. Comparison of experimental and calculated sporicidal effects for a strain of Bacillus stearothermophilus

1959 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Burton ◽  
J. G. Franklin ◽  
D. J. Williams ◽  
Helen R. Chapman ◽  
A. Jean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Bacillus Stearothermophilus ◽  
Operating Temperature ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Theoretical Method ◽  
Lethal Effect ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Thermal Death ◽  
Ultra High Temperature

This series of four papers has outlined a method for predicting the bactericidal efficiency of an ultra-high-temperature sterilizing plant. The method has been illustrated with reference to the performance of an A.P.V. 200 gal./hr. plate-type sterilizing plant, treating at different temperatures milk heavily inoculated with suspensions of B. subtilis and B. stearothermophilus spores.The method involves the determination of the temperature and flow time distributions in the plant, and of the thermal death characteristics of the organism to be considered. The investigations of plant performance are considered in Part I. The determination of the sporicidal effect of the plant from this information is described in Part II. The effect is expressed in terms of the slope of the thermal death line for the organism considered, at the operation temperature of the plant. By expressing the result in this form it becomes general and applicable to any type of organism, at any operating temperature close to that for which the plant is designed.The thermal death time of any organism at the operating temperature may be obtained by laboratory experiment, by extrapolation if necessary. In Parts III and IV, laboratory data for B. subtilis spores and B. Stearothermophilus spores are used to calculate the performance of the plant, and the calculated results are compared with the results of direct plant experiment. The agreement is satisfactory.The interpretation of the results with spores of B. stearothermophilus is complicated by their very marked inhibition by u.h.t.-treated milk. Only about one spore per million germinates and grows in such milk. A false impression of the number of truly surviving organisms after the heat treatment may therefore be obtained. It is not known to what extent this effect occurs with spores of other strains of B. stearothermophilus or with other organisms.It is not suggested that the theoretical method of estimation of performance will give reliable information on the spoilage level to be expected from a plant under practical dairy conditions. The uncertainties as to the number and types of incident organisms are too great. Comparisons can be made between different plants, however, by comparing the results of the theoretical analyses for the plants. No bacteriological data are then required. This may be a less difficult procedure for manufacturers than a direct bacteriological experiment using heavily inoculated milk. The analysis also enables the contribution to the overall lethal effect of the different part of a sterilizing plant to be assessed.

scholarly journals Post-Fire Behavior of Post-Tensioned Segmental Concrete Beams under Monotonic Static Loading

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 889-906
Author(s):  
Nazar Oukaili ◽  
Amer F. Izzet ◽  
Haider M. Hekmet
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Concrete Beams ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Fire Behavior ◽  
Experimental Program ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Internal Layers ◽  
Fire Event ◽  
Standard Fire ◽  
Post Tensioned

This paper presents a study to investigate the behavior of post-tensioned segmental concrete beams that exposed to high-temperature. The experimental program included fabricating and testing twelve simply supported beams that divided into three groups depending on the number of precasting concrete segments. All specimens were prepared with an identical length of 3150 mm and differed in the number of the incorporated segments of the beam (9, 7, or 5 segments). To simulate the genuine fire disasters, nine out of twelve beams were exposed to a high-temperature flame for one hour. Based on the standard fire curve (ASTM – E119), the temperatures of 300◦C (572◦F), 500◦C (932◦F), and 700◦C (1292◦F) were adopted. Consequently, the beams that exposed to be cool gradually under the ambient laboratory condition, after that, the beams were loaded till failure to investigate the influence of the heating temperature on the performance during the serviceability and the failure stage. It was observed that, as the temperature increased in the internal layers of concrete, the camber of tested beams increased significantly and attained its peak value at the end of the time interval of the stabilization of the heating temperature. This can be attributed to the extra time that was consumed for the heat energy to migrate across the cross-section and to travel along the span of the beam and deteriorate the texture of the concrete causing microcracking with a larger surface area. Experimental findings showed that the load-carrying capacity of the test specimen, with the same number of incorporated concrete segments, was significantly decreased as the heating temperature increased during the fire event.

scholarly journals Comparative Characteristics of Structural-Textural, Mineralogical and Petrochemical Features of Melt Rock Impactites of the Kara Astrobleme. Preliminary Data (Pay-Khoy, Russia)

2021 ◽  
Vol 906 (1) ◽  
pp. 012020
Author(s):  
Alexandr Zubov ◽  
Tatyana Shumilova
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Preliminary Data ◽  
Fundamental Problem ◽  
River Mouth ◽  
Ultrahigh Pressure ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Impact Melt ◽  
Reported Study ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The Kara astrobleme is one of the largest astroblemes known on land. Its diameter is ~65 km, the age is about 70 million years. The astrobleme is located at the northeastern part of the Pay-Khoy anticlinorium at the Kara River mouth region (Kara Sea coast, Russia). It is a unique object of impact genesis due to the presence of a variety of suevites and melt impactites. Melt rocks are products of the highest degree of impact transformation of target rocks. The diversity of melt rock impactites of the Kara astrobleme and obtaining their complex comparative mineralogical and petrochemical characteristics are important for solving the fundamental problem for studying of the typomorphism of the impactitogenesis products of melt rocks both – the impactites of the Kara astrobleme and other astroblemes in general. In the Kara astrobleme region there are at list two different types of massive melt rocks bodies – a cover melt rock at the Anaroga River (I) studied by previous researchers and an unexplored body of melt rock impactite at the Kara River (II) spatially connected with ultrahigh-pressure high-temperature (UHPHT) glasses just recently discovered. Our preliminary data indicate that the melt rock varieties of the Kara astrobleme have significant differences in texture and structure. The considered melt rocks are mostly composed of a matrix represented by a “mixture” of amorphous and cryptocrystalline masses of predominantly feldspar composition with a subordinate SiO2 content. According to the data of energy dispersive analysis the compositions of the studied melt rocks are similar and have minor deviations within the first percent. The difference in the shape of silicate segregations in melt rocks may indicate that the impact melt could have a high temperature with a shorter time interval for the solidification of melt rock II on the Kara River, in contrast to the massive melt rock I on the Anaroga River, where the impact melt had large volume and, accordingly, was cooled longer at lower temperatures. The data obtained complement the specificity of the Kara melt impactites, which may play a role in complementing the geological model of the Kara astrobleme. The reported study was funded by RFBR, project number 20-35-90065; the analytical equipment has been used at the Center for Collective Use “Geonauka” (IG Komi FRC SC UB RAS, Syktyvkar, Russia); the author expresses his gratitude to Isaenko S.I. for analytical work using Raman spectroscopy; Tropnikov E.M. for help in performing microprobe studies.

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