The article is devoted to the problem of modernization of the Russian society, which is central from a practical and theoretical point of view for the existence of the Russian state. It is connected with the nature of the culture of Russian civilization, with the sociocultural type of personality and society that requires its reformatting. These are both traditional mechanisms involved in the reproduction of Russian society and innovative development factors. The focus is on the modern civilizational Challenge, which has stretched over several decades. Even such a grandiose transformation as the deconstruction of the USSR did not lead to the Answer to the Challenge. A closed, authoritarian type of Russian society with a two-dimensional traditional cultural code can be modernized only by using an external factor as a transformation lever. The article describes the specifics of Russian civilization in connection with the peculiarities of modernization at the stage of transition to post-industrial society. This transition included a crisis of a two-dimensional sociocultural code reflected in Soviet ideology and social practice, overcoming the closure of the country, and using the social and technological innovations of the West. The two-dimensional code did not provide restructuring and transition to post-industrial civilization by borrowing technological and social innovation. Modern ontology of sociality is constructed by synergy of media interactions. Media is a word and deed that designs and formats social reality. At present, the humanities can be anthropologically effective if they turn into media design that designs and formats social reality. The creators of social and anthropological design are social energy actors — scientists, proactive subcultures. The traditional national sociocode is gradually transformed under the influence of globalization, adapted to it, or aggressively extremist enters the fight against postmodernization (fundamentalist extremism). The postmodernization of the Russian society includes its diversification, also manifests itself in a multiplicity of intents into the future. The two-dimensional code of negative identity is overcome, according to the laws of synergy, through chaos and new sociality will be formed either spontaneously or by the method of managed chaos, if domestic managers, who still keep the Russian society in a state of sluggish stagnation, are ripe for it. However, the principle of bifurcation reminds us that the future is ambiguous. Without mastering the art of managed chaos, one cannot take a productive step in social governance and development.
THE PROBLEM OF RUSSIAN SOCIETY MODERNIZATION