Growth of the spinose planktonic foraminifer Orbulina universa in laboratory culture and the effect of temperature on life processes

1987 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 1075
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Culture ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Planktonic Foraminifer ◽  
Orbulina Universa

Growth of the spinose planktonic foraminifer Orbulina universa in laboratory culture and the effect of temperature on life processes

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Caron ◽  
Walter W. Faber ◽  
Allan W. H. Bé
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waters ◽  
Planktonic Foraminifera ◽  
World Ocean ◽  
Laboratory Culture ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Additional Source ◽  
Planktonic Foraminifer ◽  
Transition Zones ◽  
Orbulina Universa

Orbulina universa d'Orbigny is a spinose planktonic foraminifer which occurs throughout surface waters of the tropical, subtropical and transition zones of the world ocean (Bé & Tolderlund, 1971). This species is unique among planktonic Foraminifera in that its life cycle is composed of two growth stages. The juvenile stage is a trochospiral form which is enclosed within a terminal spherical chamber in the adult stage. O. universa is relatively omnivorous, and consumes a variety of prey that range in size and quality from phytoplankton to copepods (Bé et al. 1977; Anderson et al. 1979; Spindler et al. 1984). In addition, each individual harbors several thousand zooxanthellae which presumably are an additional source of nutrition for the foraminifer (Be et al. 1977; Hemleben & Spindler, 1983; Spero & Parker, 1985).

The Effect of Temperature and Food Concentration On Ingestion Rates of Quinqueloculina Seminula On the Diatom Nitzschia Closterium

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanli Lei ◽  
Chengchun Li ◽  
Tiegang Li ◽  
Zhimin Jian
Keyword(s):  
Food Availability ◽  
Ingestion Rate ◽  
Food Concentration ◽  
Laboratory Culture ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Clearance Rates ◽  
Organic Detritus ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Ingestion Rates ◽  
Nitzschia Closterium

Abstract The majority of sediment-dwelling foraminifera are thought to be deposit feeders. They use their reticulopodia to gather sediment with associated algae, organic detritus, and bacteria. Uptake of diatoms by foraminifera have been observed but rarely quantified. We measured the clearance (gathering) rate and ingestion rate of diatoms by the common benthic foraminifer Quinqueloculina seminula using Nitzschia closterium as prey under laboratory culture conditions. Grazing experiments were performed to evaluate the effects of temperature (at 12, 15, 18, 21, and 24°C) and food availability (10 to 800 cells mm−2) on uptake rates of diatoms. The clearance rates, estimated from the disappearance of food items, were variable (0.59–4.4 mm2 foram−1 h−1) and did not show a clear relationship with food availability. The maximum clearance rates increased from 1.80 ± 0.21 to 2.69 ± 0.32 mm2 foram−1 h−1 when temperature increased from 12 to 18°C and decreased to 2.28 ± 0.25 mm2 foram−1 h−1 at 24°C. Ingestion rates varied from 1.0 to 43 × 103 diatoms foram−1 h−1, following a hyperbolic response to food concentrations at all experimental temperatures. The maximum individual ingestion rates increased from 842 ± 180 to 1648 ± 480 (mean ± SE) cells foram−1 h−1 and then decreased to 316 ± 54 cells foram−1 h−1 as temperature increased from 12 to 24°C. Experimental results revealed that 12–18°C was the optimal temperature range for Q. seminula feeding for specimens adapted to local conditions. Our study indicates that Q. seminula plays an ecological role by feeding upon benthic diatoms in marine benthic ecosystems.

Effects of feeding frequency on life processes of the planktonic foraminifer Globigerinoides sacculifer in laboratory culture

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 257-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. W. H. Bé ◽  
D. A. Caron ◽  
O. R. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Survival Time ◽  
Survival Data ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Laboratory Culture ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feeding Frequency ◽  
Planktonic Foraminifer ◽  
Shell Size ◽  
Average Survival ◽  
Feeding Regimes

Globigerinoides sacculifer (Brady), a common planktonic foraminifer collected by SCUBA off Barbados, was maintained under six feeding regimes at constant light and temperature conditions. Five groups of 63 specimens each were fed 1-day-old Anemia at the rate of one nauplius per specimen every 1, 2, 3, 4 or 7 days. A starved control group received no Anemia. The rate of chamber formation and shell size increased proportional to the feeding frequency. However, an inverse correlation existed between survival time and feeding frequency. Normally, survival time ends with gametogenesis which terminates the life of the mother cell. Organisms fed more frequently reached maturity and underwent gametogenesis more rapidly than those fed less frequently. The average survival time of G. sacculifer in culture ranged from 7 days for the daily-fed group to 11 days for the group fed every 7 days. While the latter grew more slowly they eventually reached maturity. Starved individuals rarely formed chambers and often died without undergoing gametogenesis. Symbiotic zooxanthellae presumably prolonged survival of starved organisms. Extrapolation of survival data suggests G. sacculifer has a variable life span of 2 to 4 weeks depending on food availability.

scholarly journals The Effect of Temperature on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Two Invasive Plants in Rorippa

2020 ◽  
pp. 39-48
Author(s):  
Qiuli Wang ◽  
Bo Qu ◽  
Juanjuan Mi ◽  
Yufeng Xu ◽  
Meini Shao
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Invasive Plants ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Laboratory Culture ◽  
Liaoning Province ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Invasion Mechanism ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio

Aims: By studying the response of seed germination and seedling growth of invasive plants, Rorippa amphibia and Rorippa sylvestris, to temperature, the influence of temperature on the invasive ability of two species of Rorippa were further analyzed, which provided a theoretical basis for revealing the diffusion and invasion mechanism of two invasive plants in Rorippa. Study Design: Seed germination and seedling growth test of two invasive plants in Rorippa at different temperature was studied by means of laboratory culture. The germination percentage, germination index, germination potential of the seeds and the total leaf number, root length, lateral root number, biomass and root shoot ratio of seedlings were determined. Place and Duration of Study: Seeds were collected from the Shenyang Agricultural University of Liaoning Province in July 2018. Experiments were done in the College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, and conducted in April 2019 for a month. Methodology: The petri dish method was used at the experiment of seed germination. The seedling growth experiment was carried out by pot sowing. Results: At the seedling stage.R. amphibia has the strongest tolerance at 30°C, while the R. sylvestris does at 35°C. The low temperature is more beneficial to the accumulations of the seedlings, R. amphibia is the most tolerant at 25°C, and R. sylvestris is at 30°C at the seedling stage. Conclusion: The response of the seeds and seedlings of the two species to temperature was basically the same. Higher temperature promoted seed germination and inhibited seedling growth, while lower temperature inhibited seed germination. The response of seeds and seedlings of R. sylvestris to high temperature makes it more invasive in the process of global warming.

Calcium uptake and calcification rate in the planktonic foraminifer Orbulina universa

1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Lea ◽  
P. A. Martin ◽  
D. A. Chan ◽  
H. J. Spero
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Uptake ◽  
Planktonic Foraminifer ◽  
Calcification Rate ◽  
Orbulina Universa

Morphological recognition of cryptic species in the planktonic foraminifer Orbulina universa

2009 ◽  
Vol 71 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 148-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphaël Morard ◽  
Frédéric Quillévéré ◽  
Gilles Escarguel ◽  
Yurika Ujiie ◽  
Thibault de Garidel-Thoron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cryptic Species ◽  
Planktonic Foraminifer ◽  
Orbulina Universa

Effect of Environmental and Substrate Factors on Survival and Growth of Helicobacter pylori

1998 ◽  
Vol 61 (8) ◽  
pp. 929-933 ◽  
Author(s):  
XIUPING JIANG ◽  
MICHAEL P. DOYLE
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Horse Serum ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
Laboratory Culture ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Initial Population ◽  
Nacl Concentration ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Microaerobic Conditions

The effect of temperature (4 to 42°C), NaCl concentration (0.5 to 7.5%), NaNO2 concentration (0 to 400 μg/ml), water activity (aw level of 0.6 to 0.995), pH (3.5 to 7.3) and urea (8 mM) on the survival and growth of Helicobacter pylori in a nutrient-rich laboratory culture medium was investigated. Under microaerobic conditions (5% O2, 10% CO2, and 85% N2), the organism grew well in brain heart infusion broth supplemented with 7% horse serum and antibiotics (BHI-HS-TVA) in a temperature range of 30 to 37°C with agitation. H. pylori (initial population of ca. 5 × 103 CFU/ml) survived for 14 days at 4°C, for 2 days at 25°C, and for less than 1 day at 40 and 42°C. The optimal NaCl concentration for growth of H. pylori was 0.5 to 1.0%; 2.0% NaCl inhibited growth. Up to 400 μg of NaNO2 per ml did not prevent growth. The minimum aw (adjusted with glycerol) and pH (acidified with HCl) for growth of H. pylori was 0.98 and 4.5, respectively. The addition of urea to broth greatly enhanced the growth of H. pylori at both pH 4.5 and 5.5. Although H. pylori did not grow at pH 3.5, the presence of urea in broth enhanced its survival. Considering the apparent fastidious conditions for growth of H. pylori in BHI-HS-TVA broth, H. pylori is unlikely to grow well, if at all, in most foods. The bacterium may, however, survive for extended periods of time in low acid-high moisture environments under refrigerated storage.

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