Reliability of space debris modeling and the impact on current and future space flight activities

1993 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 225-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Eichler ◽  
H. Sdunnus ◽  
J. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Space Flight ◽  
Space Debris ◽  
Future Space ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Cold Welding Based Space Debris Removal System

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
Hitesh DHAWAN ◽  
Ramesh KUMAR
Keyword(s):  
Composite Material ◽  
Space Debris ◽  
Earth Orbit ◽  
Cold Welding ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Debris Particles ◽  
Future Space ◽  
The Future ◽  
Pure Metals ◽  
The Impact

Space Debris is a major problem posing a great threat to all the future space travels as well as to all the satellites which are orbiting around the earth. According to a definition by the Inter-Agency Debris Coordination Committee (IADC) “space debris are all man-made objects including fragments and elements thereof, in Earth orbit or re-entering the atmosphere, that are non-functional” [1]. According to J. C. Liou, even if we stop all the space launches the amount of space debris will remain constant up to 50 years but will increase later due to collisions among them [3], [4]. Till December 16, 2019 a total of 20047 objects are on orbit out of which 5370 objects are payloads and 14677 are debris, this means about 73% of the objects in orbit constitutes debris. [2] The rate at which the debris is generated is much greater than the rate at which this debris deaccelerates, leaves the earth orbit and re-enters the earth atmosphere. We can protect the future space missions from huge debris particles that are traceable but the small debris elements pose a major threat. In this paper we propose a technique to remove the small debris particles from Lower earth orbits based on cold welding. Cold welding is the process in which two similar metals stick to each other when there is a metal to metal contact in space. This happens because on the ground these metals have layers of oxides thus, two pure metals never come in contact but in space, due to wear and tear, this layer of oxides get removed irreversibly and as a result, pure metals come in contact and the adhesive forces cause the metals to join. The debris is orbiting around the earth at a speed of 17500 mph [10]. For our system we use a composite material made up of a combination of elements that usually orbit the earth. Since, in relative frames they are stationary by increasing the velocity with controlled amount we can control the impact during contact. We will propel this composite material with the same speed around the earth as the debris, so that in their relative frames it appears stationary. By bringing the debris particles into contact with the composite material, cold welding will take place between them and then, we will send the system to international space station where the captured debris particles are removed from the composite material. By repeating this process, we can remove most of the small debris particles of size less than 10cm which are orbiting around the earth in lower earth orbit.

The Dilemma of Defense Intelligence

2010 ◽  
pp. 421-435
Author(s):  
Richard A. Best
Keyword(s):  
Department Of Defense ◽  
Intelligence Community ◽  
National Security Agency ◽  
Intelligence Agency ◽  
Community Agencies ◽  
Future Space ◽  
Defense Intelligence ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Coordination And Collaboration ◽  
The Impact

This article discusses the dilemma of the defense intelligence. It discusses the interweaving yet complicated relationship of the Department of Defense (DOD) and the Office of Director of National Intelligence (ODNI). Immersed in a divided and a “stovepiped” culture, the member agencies of the intelligence community lacked coordination and collaboration. In this article, the nature of the three agencies of the DOD: the National Security Agency (NSA), the National Reconnaissance Office (NRO), and the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) are discussed. The evolution of coordination among the intelligence community agencies and the impact of 9/11 on the cooperation and collaboration between the agencies are also discussed including the era of the Director of National Intelligence (DNI) and the challenges posed by the future space surveillance.

Debris/Micrometeoroid Impacts and Synergistic Effects on Spacecraft Materials

MRS Bulletin ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Grossman ◽  
I. Gouzman ◽  
R. Verker
Keyword(s):  
Space Debris ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Degradation Mechanism ◽  
Space Environment ◽  
Materials Properties ◽  
Gas Gun ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Space Activity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Debris Impact

AbstractIn the last 40 years, the increased space activity created a new form of space environment of hypervelocity objects—space debris—that have no functional use. The space debris, together with naturally occurring ultrahigh velocity meteoroids, presents a significant hazard to spacecraft. Collision with space debris or meteoroids might result in disfunction of external units such as solar cells, affecting materials properties, contaminating optical devices, or destroying satellites. The collision normally results in the formation of additional debris, increasing the hazard for future missions. The hypervelocity debris effect is studied by retrieving materials from space or by using ground simulation facilities. Simulation facilities, which include the light gas gun and Laser Driven Flyer methods, are used for studying the materials degradation due to debris impact. The impact effect could be accelerated when occurring simultaneously with other space environment components, such as atomic oxygen, ultraviolet, or x-ray radiation. Understanding the degradation mechanism might help in developing materials that will withstand the increasing hazard from the space debris, allowing for longer space missions. The large increase in space debris population and the associated risk to space activity requires significant measures to mitigate this hazard. Most current efforts are being devoted to prevention of collisions by keeping track of the larger debris and avoiding formation of new debris.

Dynamic Simulation of Space Debris Cloud Capture Using the Tethered Net

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Qingtao Wang ◽  
Dongping Jin ◽  
Xiaoting Rui
Keyword(s):  
Space Debris ◽  
Large Deformations ◽  
Capture Rate ◽  
Normal Contact ◽  
Simulation Fidelity ◽  
Debris Particles ◽  
Future Space ◽  
Microgravity Conditions ◽  
Debris Cloud ◽  
The Moment

Space debris, especially the space debris cloud, has threatened severely the safety of future space missions. In the framework of multibody system dynamics, a computational approach is proposed in this study to investigate the dynamics of net deployment and capture of space debris cloud using this net subject to large overall motions and large deformations. To obtain high simulation fidelity of capturing space debris cloud, the gradient deficient beam element of the absolute nodal coordinate formulation (ANCF) is employed to discretize threads which are woven into the net. The normal contact force between the net and the debris cloud and among debris particles is computed by using the penalty method. Some deployment examples are presented to investigate the influences of shooting velocity of bullets and microgravity as well as the angle between the traveling direction of the net and the microgravity direction on the deployment characteristics of the tethered net. Other capturing examples are given to clarify the effect of the deployment area of the net at the moment it starts to contact with the debris cloud on the capture rate and to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach for capturing space debris cloud using the net in microgravity conditions.

Modeling of the Future Space Debris Environment

2006 ◽  
pp. 143-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Klinkrad ◽  
C. Martin ◽  
R. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Space Debris ◽  
Future Space ◽  
The Future

scholarly journals The Space Debris Environment - Past and Present

2001 ◽  
Vol 196 ◽  
pp. 181-184
Author(s):  
W. Flury
Keyword(s):  
Space Flight ◽  
Space Debris ◽  
Space Environment ◽  
Environment Problem ◽  
Global Space ◽  
And Control ◽  
Debris Mitigation

The mass and number of Earth-orbiting human-generated space debris have increased steadily since the beginning of space flight. Recent voluntary measures for debris mitigation applied by space operators have not stemmed the increase. The debris hazard for manned and unmanned missions is still low, but rising. More effective but also more costly measures, such as selective deorbiting of used stages, will be necessary to avoid a run-away situation. Internationally agreed codes for debris management and control are needed to solve this global space environment problem.

scholarly journals The Impact of Large Databases on the Knowledge of Late-Type Close Binaries

2004 ◽  
Vol 191 ◽  
pp. 239-246
Author(s):  
C. Maceroni
Keyword(s):  
Binary Star ◽  
Eclipsing Binaries ◽  
Close Binary ◽  
Close Binaries ◽  
Future Space ◽  
Large Databases ◽  
Interesting Object ◽  
Close Binary Star ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThis paper presents some results of the analysis of the eclipsing binaries samples that came out as by-products of the OGLE microlensing surveys. These experiments monitored millions of stars in the direction of the galactic bulge (OGLE-I), and of the Small Magellanic Cloud (OGLE-II). Their completeness allowed the discovery of rare and interesting systems. An example is a new group of long period binaries in the SMC with presumably a giant component in contact with the critical lobe, which dominates the systemic light variation (“β -contacts”). These systems obey a period-luminosity-color relation and could be used as an auxiliary, but independent, tool for distance determination. Another very interesting object, for its implications in the studies of angular momentum loss processes by magnetic braking and of stellar activity, is the system of shortest known period with M dwarf components, discovered by OGLE-I, BW3 V38, that is the target of a spectroscopic follow-up. The perspectives for close binary star research in view of future space missions, such as COROT and Eddington are briefly discussed.

scholarly journals Ranking in-orbit fragmentations and space objects

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (S310) ◽  
pp. 118-125
Author(s):  
Alessandro Rossi ◽  
Giovanni B. Valsecchi ◽  
Elisa Maria Alessi
Keyword(s):  
Parametric Study ◽  
Space Debris ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Long Term Evolution ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
Term Evolution ◽  
Future Space ◽  
Space Objects ◽  
Analytic Index

AbstractThe future space debris environment will be dominated by the production of fragments coming from massive fragmentations. In order to identify the most relevant parameters influencing the long term evolution of the environment and to assess the criticality of selected space objects in different regions of the circumterrestrial space, a large parametric study was performed. In this framework some indicators were produced to quantify and rank the relevance of selected fragmentations on the long term evolution of the space debris population. Based on the results of the fragmentation studies, a novel analytic index, the Criticality of Spacecraft Index, aimed at ranking the environmental criticality of abandoned objects in LEO, has been devised and tested on a sample population of orbiting objects.

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