Simulation of responses of community structure to species interactions driven by phenotypic change

1995 ◽  
Vol 79 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 85-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter K. Dodds ◽  
Geoffrey M. Henebry
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Species Interactions ◽  
Phenotypic Change

Species Interactions and Community Structure in Alaskan Seabird Colonies

Ecology ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 1515-1524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas S. Whittam ◽  
Douglas Siegel-Causey
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Species Interactions ◽  
Seabird Colonies

scholarly journals Habitat and community structure modulate fish interactions in a neotropical clearwater river

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas T. Nunes ◽  
Renato A. Morais ◽  
Guilherme O. Longo ◽  
José Sabino ◽  
Sergio R. Floeter
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Species Interactions ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Habitat Characteristics ◽  
Agonistic Interaction ◽  
Tropical Rivers ◽  
Biological Communities ◽  
Habitat Variation ◽  
Clearwater River ◽  
Fish Interactions

ABSTRACT Species interactions can modulate the diversity and enhance the stability of biological communities in aquatic ecosystems. Despite previous efforts to describe fish interactions in tropical rivers, the role of habitat characteristics, community structure, and trophic traits over these interactions is still poorly understood. To investigate among-habitat variation in substratum feeding pressure and agonistic interactions between fishes, we used remote underwater videos in three habitats of a clearwater river in the Central Western, Brazil. We also performed visual surveys to estimate the abundance and biomass of fishes and proposed a trophic classification to understand how these variables can affect fish interactions. Community structure was the main factor affecting the variation in the interactions among the habitats. Biomass was the main variable determining which habitat a fish will feed on, while species abundance determined with how many other species it will interact in the agonistic interaction networks for each habitat. Specific habitats are not only occupied, but also used in distinct ways by the fish community. Overall, our results demonstrate the importance of the heterogeneity of habitats in tropical rivers for the interactions performed by the fishes and how the intensity of these interactions is affected by community structure.

Community structure in some southern English streams: the influence of species interactions

1984 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALAN G. HILDREW ◽  
COLIN R. TOWNSEND ◽  
JEANETTE FRANCIS
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Species Interactions

Initial Colonization of Artificial Substrate: Community Development and Structure Studied by Scanning Electron Microscopy

1981 ◽  
Vol 38 (11) ◽  
pp. 1371-1384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christiane Hudon ◽  
Edwin Bourget
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Community Development ◽  
Species Interactions ◽  
Light Availability ◽  
Artificial Substrate ◽  
Lawrence Estuary ◽  
Cell Densities ◽  
Scanning Electron

The initial phases of subtidal and intertidal community development were observed using scanning electron microscopy on samples from plastic panels immersed monthly in the St. Lawrence Estuary.Bacteria and diatom populations were quantitatively evaluated on samples collected from May to November, 1978. The pattern of immersion and/or periodical emersion according to the level greatly influenced the community structure. Subtidal panels (−5.0 m) were rapidly colonized by bacteria while diatoms settled 2–7 wk later, depending on the season. Cocconeis spp. and Amphora spp. were the major diatom colonizers until mid-August. In September, Synedra tabulata settled on the panels. Until mid-September, all dominant species formed well-defined, generally monospecific clumps. In contrast with Cocconeis spp. and Amphora spp., which lie horizontally on the surface, S. tabulata, which is needlelike in shape, formed erect fan-shaped colonies. Other late invaders possessed a mucus stalk, raising themselves from the surface and thus better utilizing the vertical dimension. Clump overlap and increased species interactions occurred with higher cell densities. In the intertidal zone bacteria settled after 8–12 wk while Achnanthes brevipes var. parvula appeared after 20 wk, the only diatom species able to resist semidiurnal emersion. The ability of the panels to retain water through detritus and irregularities is probably the main factor allowing the development of this community. Panels emersed only at spring tides (monthly) were rapidly colonized by bacteria, and heavy diatom settlement occurred within 4 wk. Successive monthly emersions eliminated or strongly reduced diatom populations, which were replaced by filamentous (Ectocarpaceae) algae. The three types of communities are compared and the strategic advantage of upright forms is discussed in relation to population density, light availability, and detrital cover.Key words: St. Lawrence Estuary, artificial substrate, community structure, community development, Cocconeis spp., Synedra tabulata. Amphora spp., diatoms

scholarly journals The feedback between selection and demography shapes genomic diversity during coevolution

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. eaax0530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cas Retel ◽  
Vienna Kowallik ◽  
Weini Huang ◽  
Benjamin Werner ◽  
Sven Künzel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Molecular Evolution ◽  
Species Interactions ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Population Expansion ◽  
Host Population ◽  
Genomic Diversity ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Phenotypic Change ◽  
Temporal Consistency

Species interactions and coevolution are integral to ecological communities, but we lack empirical information on when and how these interactions generate and purge genetic diversity. Using genomic time series data from host-virus experiments, we found that coevolution occurs through consecutive selective sweeps in both species, with temporal consistency across replicates. Sweeps were accompanied by phenotypic change (resistance or infectivity increases) and expansions in population size. In the host, population expansion enabled rapid generation of genetic diversity in accordance with neutral processes. Viral molecular evolution was, in contrast, confined to few genes, all putative targets of selection. This study demonstrates that molecular evolution during species interactions is shaped by both eco-evolutionary feedback dynamics and interspecific differences in how genetic diversity is generated and maintained.

Community Structure

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew P. Hendry
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Community Change ◽  
Phenotypic Change ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Current State ◽  
Intraspecific Genetic Diversity ◽  
Community Theory ◽  
Interspecific Diversity

This chapter begins with an outline of mathematical approaches for evaluating how genotypes/phenotypes might alter community structure, which points to predictions about when such effects should be strongest in nature. It then summarizes common approaches for empirical work, which might be broadly classed as (1) the effects of genotypes/phenotypes within and among populations, and (2) the year-by-year correspondence between phenotypic change and community change. These key questions examine the current state of knowledge for two classic applications of evolutionary thinking to community theory: predator–prey interactions and competition. The chapter also considers the importance of intraspecific genetic diversity for community structure, which echoes and extends the intense interest surrounding the effects of interspecific diversity.

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