Variation in minimum germination temperature for cultivars of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)

1987 ◽  
Vol 33 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 57-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ottar Røeggen
Author(s):  
T. M. Нarbovska ◽  
Yu. D. Zelendin ◽  
N. V. Chefonova ◽  
V. Yu. Honcharenko

Останніми роками великий інтерес становить алелопатичний взаємозв’язок між рослинами, зумовлений виділенням ними фізіологічно активних речовин, на початковій стадії онтогенезу. Вони виступають як біокаталізатори, які стимулюють пробудження насіння інших культур зі стану спокою, затримують або прискорюють розвиток насіння, посилюють або гальмують ростові процеси і формування органів проростка. Дослідження виконували в Інституті овочівництва і баштанництва НААН України упродовж 2013–2016 рр. Мета – дослідити прояв алелопатичної взаємодії квасолі овочевої (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) з овочевими культурами на початковому етапі онтогенезу. Методи. Визначити алелопатичну взаємодію проростків квасолі овочевої (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) з проростками огірку (Cucumis sativus L.), капусти білоголової пізньостиглої (Brassica oleracea L.), картоплі ранньої (Solanum tuberosum), буряка столового (Beta vulgaris) та помідору (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) за допомогою біологічного тесту за методикою А. М. Гродзінського (1965). Результати. За результатами лабораторних досліджень зафіксовано збільшення довжини проросту овочевих культур за спільного пророщування з насінням квасолі від 0,3 см (капуста білоголова пізньостигла) до 1,77 см (буряк столовий), ніж на контролі (без квасолі). Спільне пророщування впливає на відсоток схожості овочевих культур. Встановлено збільшення відсотка схожості у сумішках до 10–14 % в порівняні до контролю (пророщування без квасолі). Окрім, схожість насіння буряка столового у пророщуванні з квасолею овочевою була на рівні з контролем (без квасолі) і становить 71–72 %. Визначено активність алелопатично активних речовин у біопробі в умовних одиницях кумарину за А. М. Гродзінським, що знаходиться в межах 105–200 УКО. Висновки. Спільне пророщування насіння квасолі овочевої і основних овочевих культур в лабораторних умовах дає змогу уже на початковій стадії оцінити особливості його проростання і взаємовплив компонентів, підібрати сорти культур для вирощування у гетерогенному посіві з метою формування високопродуктивного агрофітоценозу. Встановлено, що біологічно активні речовини у насінні квасолі овочевої мають вплив на проростання досліджуваних культур. Чутливими (інтолерантними) до дії біологічно активних речовин квасолі овочевої виявилися культури – помідор, капуста білоголова пізньостигла, огірок, картопля рання, толерантними – буряк столовий.


1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 897-898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Th. H. A. OLTHOF

Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is recommended for rearing large numbers of the nematodes Paratylenchus projectus and Pratylenchus neglectus, and Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) for Helicotylenchus digonicus. Bean and cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) are new additions to the host lists of P. projectus and P. neglectus.


Author(s):  
Małgorzata Czernicka ◽  
Kinga Kęska ◽  
Marek Szklarczyk ◽  
Michał Dziurka ◽  
Anna Kołton ◽  
...  

Irriga ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 95-106
Author(s):  
Eduardo Luiz de Oliveira ◽  
Antonio Evaldo Klar

GOTEJADORES DE BAMBU PARA UTILIZAÇÃO EM SISTEMAS DE IRRIGAÇÃO SUBSUPERFICIAL: UMA SOLUÇÃO DE BAIXO CUSTO   Eduardo Luiz de OliveiraUNESP- Campus de Bauru - Faculdade de Engenharia e Tecnologia.Departamento de Engenharia Civil - Cx. Postal 473.Fone (014) 230-2111 - Bauru - SP - [email protected] Evaldo KlarUNESP- Campus de Botucatu - Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas.Departamento de Engenharia Rural - Cx. Postal 237.Fone (014) 821-3883 - Bauru - SP - [email protected]   1 RESUMO   O desenvolvimento de um sistema de irrigação de baixo custo, vem de encontro com as necessidades de dotar, com recursos técnicos, pequenos e médios agricultores, para que possam evoluir num mercado cada vez mais competitivo.Neste trabalho, procurou-se, na simplicidade de conhecimentos, colocando-se em prática recursos, até certo ponto, requintados e disponíveis geralmente a agricultores aculturados a estas técnicas.A pesquisa desenvolveu-se em 2 fases distintas: laboratorial e de campo.O experimento em laboratório abrangeu o estudo hidráulico de ‘hastes’ de bambu, para funcionarem como gotejadores subsuperficiais, determinando-se vazões e pressões. Investigaram-se vários aspectos construtivos, como maneira de serrar as ‘hastes’ e variação do furo no topo destas, determinando-se assim, condições favoráveis para a utilização como gotejadores. Desenvolveu-se meios de acoplagem segura entre eles, tubos de bambu e mangueira preta de polietileno(plásticos recicláveis).Os resultados da uniformidade dos gotejadores de bambu foram baixos, devido às altas variações das vazões, entre os gotejadores para uma mesma pressão.Verificaram-se, ainda, as possíveis relações entre o diâmetro externo, interno e o comprimento das ‘hastes’, nas vazões medidas, não tendo sido encontradas relações isoladas entre estes parâmetros. A execução artesanal e as características intrínsecas das ‘hastes’ de bambu foram as responsáveis pela não uniformidade das vazões dos mesmos.No experimento de campo, desenvolveram-se estudos comparativos entre o sistema de gotejamento superficial com Tubogotejadores Queen Gil e o sistema de gotejamento subsuperficial, utilizando-se no primeiro experimento tubos e gotejadores de bambu e, no segundo, mangueira preta de polietileno com gotejadores de bambu, para os cultivos de Cucumis sativus L. (pepino), e  Phaseolus vulgaris L (Feijão-vagem), respectivamente. Neste segundo experimento, aplicou-se fertirrigação, obtendo-se uma maneira simples de execução, tendo em vista a possibilidade de se trabalhar com baixas pressões (na ordem de 1,0 a 2,0 mca), para o sistema subsuperficial com gotejadores de bambu.Os parâmetros de planta estudados para comparação dos sistemas empregados foram: altura e produtividade das plantas e, para o sistema de irrigação subsuperficial, utilizando-se gotejadores de bambu; os valores obtidos para estes dois fatores foram estatisticamente superiores.Os resultados encontrados ultrapassou as expectativas, tendo-se em vista a baixa uniformidade de aplicação do sistema de irrigação subsuperficial com gotejadores de bambu, na qual, a forma de aplicação (subsuperficial) deste sistema pode ter compensado o efeito não uniforme da distribuição de água no solo.   UNITERMOS: irrigação; subsuperficial; bambu.   OLIVEIRA, E.L., KLAR, A. E.  BAMBOO DRIPPERS FOR SUBSURFACE IRRIGATION SYSTEM APPLICATION: A LOW COST SOLUTION   2 ABSTRACT   The development of a low cost irrigation system is necessary in order to supply technical know how mainly to scale farmers, for their evolution into a competitive market which’ is increasing each day.The research was conducted in two phases: laboratory and field conditions.The laboratory work consisted of the hydraulic study of bamboo segments, to function as subsurface dripping irrigators, this establishes the rate of dripping with the variation of pressure applied to the bamboo segments.It was established different behavior for different situations such as the way the segments were sawed and the variation of the hole’s size, thus determining the favorable conditions for the drippers. Methods for safe coupling of the drippers were developed in the bamboo tubes and plypropylene black hose (recyclable plastics).The results of uniformity of the drippers were low due to the high variation of flow among the drippers for a single pressure. Possible relationships among the external and internal diameter and length of the bamboo segments were investigated in the flow localized in the drippers, while isolated relationships have not been found among these parameters. The rudimental execution and intrinsic characteristics of the bamboo segments were responsible for the lack of uniformity of the flow.In the field experiment comparative studies were performed between surface dripping system with polypropylene dripping Tubes and subsurface dripping system, using in the first experiment bamboo dripping tubes, and in the second polypropylene black hose with bamboo drippers evaluation of productivity of Cucumis sativus (cucumber) and Phaseolus vulgaris (green beans), respectively. In the second experiment, fertirrigation was applied, thus gaining a simple way of execution, having in mind the possibility of working with low pressures (in the order of 10 to 20 Mca) for the subsurface system with bamboo drippers.The studied parameters for comparison of the employed system were: the height of the plant and productivity, leading to the conclusion that the subsurface dripping system utilizing bamboo drippers was slightly superior. The statistical studies applied to the data confirm this slight superiority.These results were excellent considering the low uniformity of the subsurface irrigation system with bamboo drippers, considering that the way of application of the water in this system (subsurface) may have compensated the effect of lack of uniformity in the distribution of the water in the soil.   KEYWORDS: irrigation; subsurface; bamboo.


Author(s):  

The present study aims to demonstrate and expose viable agroecological practices and techniques for the management of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), cowpea (Phaseolus vulgaris) and watermelon (Citrullus lanatus Thumb. Mansf.) Crops, describing succinctly, each stage of the project, in a clear and objective way, aiming at the successful teaching and learning. In order to verify, the possibility of producing food without the use of pesticides, considering that nowadays, agroecological agriculture must be defended, due to the facts exposed by the dossier published in 2015 by ABRASCO - Brazilian Association of Public Health, held in together with the Ministry of Health, 64% of food in Brazil is contaminated by pesticides, between 2007 and 2014 alone, 34.147 people were intoxicated by these products were notified in SUS. From the project, which aims to demonstrate the feasibility of producing food free of pesticides to students, in order to raise their awareness to take the knowledge obtained to families.


2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 447-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Matraszek

The purpose of undertaken investigation was to test the possibility of decreasing nickel toxic influence on florescence and fructification of tomato (<i>Lycopersicon esculentum</i> Mill.) 'Koralik' cv. and cucumber (<i>Cucumis sativus</i> L.) 'Hermes F1' cv. plants by introducing into contaminated medium the ion exchange substrate BIONA 312 - ion exchange resin possessing sorptive properties and containing nutrient elements. In experiment, two levels of nickel (NiSO<sub>4</sub>·7H<sub>2</sub>O), i.e. 40 or 100 mg Ni·kg<sup>-1</sup> of the substrate, as well as two doses of the ion exchange substrate BIONA 312 ie. 20 or 50 g·kg-1 of the substrate (relatively 2 and 5% of medium weight), were applied. As a substrate hortisol and quartz sand at rate 2:1 was used. Nickel significantly influenced florescence and fructification date of experimental plants. Nickel at dose 40 mg Ni·kg<sup>-1</sup> of the substrate caused earlier florescence and earlier setting of tomato fruits, as well as significant decrease in the number of cucumber female flowers. Late and limited blooming of tomato plants growing in the medium contained 100 mg Ni·kg<sup>-1</sup> of the substrate resulted in not ripping fruits till the ened of experiment. Under these circumstances, during florescence a complete lack of cucumber female and male flowers was recorded that resulted in complete lack of fruit crop. Ion exchange substrate BIONA 312 introduced to the contaminated medium decreased toxic influence of nickel on the experimental plant species significantly increasing flowers and fruits number. Irrespective of the nickel dose introduced to the medium more efficent for the reduction of this metal phytotoxicity turned out to be addition of ion exchange substrate BIONA 312 at the dosage 5 than 2%. Moreover after introducing 2 or 5% ion exchange substrate dose tomato plants groving in the medium containing 40 mg Ni·kg<sup>-1</sup> earlier and more intensive florescence as well as eariel fruits ripeness were observed.


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